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New Insights into Antioxidants Properties of Agri-Food Compounds for Therapeutic and Prophylactic Applications

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A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 12997

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yaw (Chris) Siow

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Guest Editor

1. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
2. Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
3. Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Interests: bioactives; agri-food; functional natural products; mechanisms of action; chronic disease

Prof. Dr. Karmin O

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Guest Editor

1. Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
2. Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
3. Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Interests: acute kidney injury; fatty liver; folate and sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism; agri-food; mechanisms of action

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Food is necessary to sustain life; here, it is important to note that the quality and type of food we consume and the interactions of food with our body physiology can tip the balance between health and illness. Oxygen is another requirement for life, but it is also the source for oxygen free radicals. Under normal physiology, the body is able to reduce oxygen-free radicals through its antioxidant defense system. However, when overwhelmed, external recruitment of antioxidants is necessary to rebalance this intricate equilibrium. Food contains a variety of antioxidants, and studies have demonstrated that these compounds are indeed absorbed by the body.

In this Special Issue, we aim to highlight experimental or clinical research that studies or reviews the potential contribution of antioxidant properties of agri-food to management or prevention of acute or chronic diseases and thus the health and wellbeing of global citizens. Studies conducted using novel foods containing known bioactive compounds will be welcome.

Dr. Yaw (Chris) Siow
Prof. Dr. Karmin O
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Agri-food
Oxidative stress
Antioxidants
Bioactive compounds
Mechanisms of actions
Disease management
Disease prevention
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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Phenolic Acids and Antioxidant Properties during Baking of Bread and Muffin Made from Blends of Hairless Canary Seed, Wheat, and Corn

by El-Sayed M. Abdel-Aal and Iwona Rabalski

Antioxidants 2022, 11(6), 1059; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11061059 - 26 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1747

Abstract

Phenolic acids are the major polyphenols in cereal grains and they undergo changes in their composition and structure during processing. This study investigated changes in phenolic acids and antioxidant properties during baking of bread and muffin made from hairless canary seed (HCS), Phalaris canariensis L., alone or in blends with corn and wheat. The changes were monitored after dry mixing, dough/batter formation, and oven baking. Phenolic acids were quantified in products using HPLC and antioxidant activity was based on DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC assays. Eight phenolic acids were primarily present in the bound fraction extracts, while only a few phenolic acids were detected in the free or unbound fraction extracts. Ferulic was the dominant phenolic acid in wheat, corn, and HCS followed by p-coumaric acid but the latter was extremely high in HCS compared to wheat and corn. After baking, bound phenolic acids decreased in breads and muffins, while the unbound phenolic acids increased. Dough preparation resulted in about 5–13% reductions in bound ferulic acid in addition to 2–9% after oven baking with a total reduction of about 10–20% subject to bread formulation. On the contrary unbound ferulic acid increased by 48–307% after dough preparation and 138–225% after oven baking with a total increase 273–495%. Similarly, muffin-making process resulted in 26–30% reductions in bound ferulic acid after batter preparation and 4–7% after oven baking with reductions of 34–37% in muffins, while the unbound ferulic acid increased by about 35–105% and 9–29%, respectively, with a total increase 47–116%. The baking process resulted in improved DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC antioxidant activities in breads and muffins despite the initial reductions after dough preparation. In general, baking process resulted in tangible increases in unbound phenolic acids which eventually could improve their bioavailability and bioactivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Antioxidants Properties of Agri-Food Compounds for Therapeutic and Prophylactic Applications)

15 pages, 3130 KiB

Open AccessArticle

5-Methyltetrahydrofolate Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Improves Kidney Function in Acute Kidney Injury through Activation of Nrf2 and Antioxidant Defense

by Charith U. B. Wijerathne, Kathy K. W. Au-Yeung, Yaw L. Siow and Karmin O

Antioxidants 2022, 11(6), 1046; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11061046 - 25 May 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2365

Abstract

Oxidative stress is a major mediator of adverse outcomes in acute kidney injury (AKI). Deficiency of micronutrients, such as folate, is common in AKI. Our previous study reported that AKI impaired kidney reabsorption of folate and decreased plasma folate level in rats. The present study investigated the effect of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), a biologically active form of folate/folic acid, on AKI-impaired kidney function and oxidative stress. Sprague-Dawley rats developed AKI after kidney ischemia (45 min) and reperfusion (24 h). Injection of 5-MTHF (3 µg/kg body weight) improved kidney function and attenuated oxidative stress with a restoration of glutathione and a reduction of lipid peroxidation in the kidney. Injection of 5-MTHF activated transcription factor Nrf2 and increased the expression of glutathione synthesizing enzymes, superoxide dismutase-1 and heme oxygenase-1 in the kidney. Simulated ischemia-reperfusion through hypoxia-reoxygenation increased oxidative stress in proximal tubular cells. Incubation of cells with 5-MTHF alleviated cell injury and increased antioxidant enzyme expression and intracellular glutathione levels. Inhibition of Nrf2 expression through siRNA transfection abolished the effect of 5-MTHF against oxidative stress. These results suggest that low-dose folic acid can improve kidney function through activation of Nrf2 and restoration of antioxidant defence. Micronutrient supplements may improve clinical outcomes in AKI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Antioxidants Properties of Agri-Food Compounds for Therapeutic and Prophylactic Applications)

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23 pages, 3526 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The “End Life” of the Grape Pomace Waste Become the New Beginning: The Development of a Virtuous Cycle for the Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Water

by Jennifer Gubitosa, Vito Rizzi, Anna Laurenzana, Francesca Scavone, Elena Frediani, Gabriella Fibbi, Fiorenza Fanelli, Teresa Sibillano, Cinzia Giannini, Paola Fini and Pinalysa Cosma

Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 994; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11050994 - 19 May 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2671

Abstract

During the last decades, the demand for processes developed according to the Circular Economy Principles has increased, searching for an alternative life for wastes. For this purpose, a one-pot green approach is exploited during this work to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by using grape pomace waste from Vitis vinifera. A raw aqueous extract of grape seeds, skin, and stems is used for AuNPs synthesis. UV-Vis, XPS, SEM, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies demonstrate the main role of the extract’s polyphenolic components in stabilizing nanoparticles. XRD, DLS, and Zeta Potential analyses were used to characterize AuNPs. Moreover, the ionic strength, pH, and temperature role was investigated through the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band observation to assess AuNPs’ stability and photostability. For foreseeing the as-synthesized AuNPs’ potential use in cosmetic and biomedical fields as multifunctional platforms, their antioxidant, and skin-lightening properties were tested, together with their sunscreen ability. A preliminary in-vitro evaluation is reported about the AuNPs’ cytoprotective effects against H₂O₂ oxidative stress-induced in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Briefly, the possibility of reusing the grape pomace waste after the AuNPs synthesis as an adsorbent for the efficient removal of emergent contaminants is preliminarily discussed in the paper, further valorizing the use of waste according to a bio circular approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Antioxidants Properties of Agri-Food Compounds for Therapeutic and Prophylactic Applications)

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16 pages, 3683 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lingonberry Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism by Targeting Notch1 Signaling

by Susara Madduma Hewage, Kathy K. W. Au-Yeung, Suvira Prashar, Charith U. B. Wijerathne, Karmin O and Yaw L. Siow

Antioxidants 2022, 11(3), 472; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11030472 - 27 Feb 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2628

Abstract

Impaired hepatic lipid metabolism is a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has no effective treatment option. Recently, Notch signaling has been identified as an important mediator of hepatic lipid metabolism. Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is an anthocyanin-rich fruit with significant lipid-lowering properties. In this study, we examined how lingonberry influenced Notch signaling and fatty acid metabolism in a mouse model of NAFLD. Mice (C57BL/6J) fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks developed fatty liver and activated hepatic Notch1 signaling. Lingonberry supplementation inhibited hepatic Notch1 signaling and improved lipid profile by improving the expression of the genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. The results were verified using a palmitic-acid-challenged cell model. Similar to the animal data, palmitic acid impaired cellular lipid metabolism and induced Notch1 in HepG2 cells. Lingonberry extract or cyanidin-3-glucoside attenuated Notch1 signaling and decreased intracellular triglyceride accumulation. The inhibition of Notch in the hepatocytes attenuated sterol-regulatory-element-binding-transcription-factor-1 (SREBP-1c)-mediated lipogenesis and increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I-alpha (CPTIα) and acyl-CoA oxidase1 (ACOX1). Taken together, lingonberry’s hepatoprotective effect is mediated by, in part, improving hepatic lipid metabolism via inhibiting Notch1 signaling in HFD-induced fatty liver. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Antioxidants Properties of Agri-Food Compounds for Therapeutic and Prophylactic Applications)

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Review

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18 pages, 14418 KiB

Open AccessReview

Therapeutic Intervention in Cancer by Isoliquiritigenin from Licorice: A Natural Antioxidant and Redox Regulator

by Zhu Zhang, Ken Kin-Lam Yung and Joshua Ka-Shun Ko

Antioxidants 2022, 11(7), 1349; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11071349 - 11 Jul 2022

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2768

Abstract

Oxidative stress could lead to a variety of body dysfunctions, including neurodegeneration and cancer, which are closely associated with intracellular signal transducers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been suggested that ROS is the upstream regulator of autophagy, and that it provides a negative feedback regulation to remove oxidative damage. Defects in the ROS-autophagic redox homeostasis could lead to the increased production of ROS and the accumulation of damaged organelles that in turn promote metabolic reprogramming and induce tumorigenesis. One significant characteristic of pancreatic cancer is the reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism, which facilitates the rapid growth, invasiveness, and the survival of cancer cells. Thus, the rectification of metabolic dysfunction is essential in therapeutic cancer targeting. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a chalcone obtained from the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, which is a powdered root licorice that has been consumed for centuries in different regions of the world. ISL is known to be a natural antioxidant that possesses diversified functions, including redox regulation in cells. This review contains discussions on the herbal source, biological properties, and anticancer potential of ISL. This is the first time that the anticancer activities of ISL in pancreatic cancer has been elucidated, with a coverage of the involvement of antioxidation, metabolic redox regulation, and autophagy in pancreatic cancer development. Furthermore, some remarks on related compounds of the isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathway of ISL will also be discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Antioxidants Properties of Agri-Food Compounds for Therapeutic and Prophylactic Applications)

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