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Antioxidants in Age-Related Diseases and Anti-Aging Strategies

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A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2022) | Viewed by 92706

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Prof. Dr. Daniela-Saveta Popa

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Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: polyphenols; antioxidants; anti-aging; phytochemical and drug analysis; food toxicology; in vivo testing
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Prof. Dr. Laurian Vlase

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Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: drug analysis; mass spectrometry; liquid chromatography; pharmacokinetics; biopharmaceutics
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Dr. Marius Emil Rusu

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Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: bioactive phytochemicals; food chemistry; food science and technology; functional foods; Mediterranean and ketogenic diets; nutraceuticals and functional foods; nutrition and dietetics; nutrition in aging; plant extracts
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Dr. Ionel Fizesan

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Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 L. Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: antioxidants; inflammation; cancer; anti-aging; phytochemical and drug analysis; functional foods; in vitro testing
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aging is a complex process based on multiple mechanisms. It is a significant risk factor in the genesis and progression of noncommunicable diseases affecting various tissues and systems. As the world's population continues to get older, age-related diseases will become increasingly prevalent. These diseases are the result of reduced cellular activities of protective stress-response pathways, and the accumulation of cellular damage, leading to oxidative stress and inflammaging, major contributors to cellular senescence. Different strategies to slow or reverse these illnesses are needed to postpone aging and increase healthy aging. Plant-origin foods including dark green leafy vegetables, berries and nuts, rich in phytochemical antioxidant molecules, have been revealed to diminish the risk of age-associated syndromes in animal models and humans. Nevertheless, more research is required to further identify specific dietary constituents or other antioxidant molecules, recognize their mechanisms of action and develop new anti-aging strategies.

We cordially invite researchers in the field to contribute original research articles or reviews to this Special Issue of Antioxidants, aiming to identify the roles of antioxidant molecules in preventing age-related diseases and delaying aging, detect the mechanisms of action in preclinical studies or clinical trials, or pinpoint new natural antioxidant sources important for anti-aging strategies.

Prof. Dr. Daniela-Saveta Popa
Prof. Dr. Laurian Vlase
Dr. Marius Emil Rusu
Dr. Ionel Fizesan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Antioxidants
Anti-aging strategies
Age-related diseases
Anti-inflammation
Mechanisms of action
Nutrition
Drugs
Preclinical and clinical studies
Bioactive natural compounds
Bioavailability

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 206 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Antioxidants in Age-Related Diseases and Anti-Aging Strategies

by Marius Emil Rusu, Ionel Fizeșan, Laurian Vlase and Daniela-Saveta Popa

Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 1868; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11101868 - 21 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2160

Abstract

Aging is an intricate process and an important risk factor in the development and advancement of many disorders [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Age-Related Diseases and Anti-Aging Strategies)

Research

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37 pages, 9837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant Properties and Cytoprotective Effect of Pistacia lentiscus L. Seed Oil against 7β-Hydroxycholesterol-Induced Toxicity in C2C12 Myoblasts: Reduction in Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Dysfunctions and Attenuation of Cell Death

by Imen Ghzaiel, Amira Zarrouk, Thomas Nury, Michela Libergoli, Francesca Florio, Souha Hammouda, Franck Ménétrier, Laure Avoscan, Aline Yammine, Mohammad Samadi, Norbert Latruffe, Stefano Biressi, Débora Levy, Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski, Sonia Hammami, Anne Vejux, Mohamed Hammami and Gérard Lizard

Antioxidants 2021, 10(11), 1772; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10111772 - 05 Nov 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4076

Abstract

Aging is characterized by a progressive increase in oxidative stress, which favors lipid peroxidation and the formation of cholesterol oxide derivatives, including 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC). This oxysterol, which is known to trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death, could contribute to the aging process and age-related diseases, such as sarcopenia. Identifying molecules or mixtures of molecules preventing the toxicity of 7β-OHC is therefore an important issue. This study consists of determining the chemical composition of Tunisian Pistacia lentiscus L. seed oil (PLSO) used in the Tunisian diet and evaluating its ability to counteract the cytotoxic effects induced by 7β-OHC in murine C2C12 myoblasts. The effects of 7β-OHC (50 µM; 24 h), associated or not with PLSO, were studied on cell viability, oxidative stress, and on mitochondrial and peroxisomal damages induction. α-Tocopherol (400 µM) was used as the positive control for cytoprotection. Our data show that PLSO is rich in bioactive compounds; it contains polyunsaturated fatty acids, and several nutrients with antioxidant properties: phytosterols, α-tocopherol, carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. When associated with PLSO (100 µg/mL), the 7β-OHC-induced cytotoxic effects were strongly attenuated. The cytoprotection was in the range of those observed with α-tocopherol. This cytoprotective effect was characterized by prevention of cell death and organelle dysfunction (restoration of cell adhesion, cell viability, and plasma membrane integrity; prevention of mitochondrial and peroxisomal damage) and attenuation of oxidative stress (reduction in reactive oxygen species overproduction in whole cells and at the mitochondrial level; decrease in lipid and protein oxidation products formation; and normalization of antioxidant enzyme activities: glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)). These results provide evidence that PLSO has similar antioxidant properties than α-tocopherol used at high concentration and contains a mixture of molecules capable to attenuate 7β-OHC-induced cytotoxic effects in C2C12 myoblasts. These data reinforce the interest in edible oils associated with the Mediterranean diet, such as PLSO, in the prevention of age-related diseases, such as sarcopenia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Age-Related Diseases and Anti-Aging Strategies)

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20 pages, 4715 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Siegesbeckiae Herba Extract and Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorate the Death of HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter by Mitigating Oxidative Stress

by Jae Won Ha and Yong Chool Boo

Antioxidants 2021, 10(11), 1762; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10111762 - 04 Nov 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2904

Abstract

Airborne particulate matter with a size of 10 μm or less (PM₁₀) can cause oxidative damages and inflammatory reactions in the skin. This study was conducted to discover natural products that are potentially useful in protecting the skin from PM₁₀. Among the hot water extracts of a total of 23 medicinal plants, Siegesbeckiae Herba extract (SHE), which showed the strongest protective effect against PM₁₀ cytotoxicity, was selected, and its mechanism of action and active constituents were explored. SHE ameliorated PM₁₀-induced cell death, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HaCaT cells. SHE decreased the expression of KEAP1, a negative regulator of NRF2, and increased the expression of NRF2 target genes, such as HMOX1 and NQO1. SHE selectively induced the enzymes involved in the synthesis of GSH (GCL-c and GCL-m), the regeneration of GSH (GSR and G6PDH), and GSH conjugation of xenobiotics (GSTκ1), rather than the enzymes that directly scavenge ROS (SOD1, CAT, and GPX1). SHE increased the cellular content of GSH and mitigated the oxidation of GSH to GSSG caused by PM₁₀ exposure. Of the solvent fractions of SHE, the n-butyl alcohol (BA) fraction ameliorated cell death in both the absence and presence of PM₁₀. The BA fraction contained a high amount of chlorogenic acid. Chlorogenic acid reduced PM₁₀-induced cell death, LDH release, and ROS production. This study suggests that SHE protects cells from PM₁₀ toxicity by increasing the cellular antioxidant capacity and that chlorogenic acid may be an active phytochemical of SHE. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Age-Related Diseases and Anti-Aging Strategies)

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14 pages, 3026 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oral Administration of Rosa gallica Prevents UVB−Induced Skin Aging through Targeting the c−Raf Signaling Axis

by Seongin Jo, Young-Sung Jung, Ye-Ryeong Cho, Ji-Won Seo, Won-Chul Lim, Tae-Gyu Nam, Tae-Gyu Lim and Sanguine Byun

Antioxidants 2021, 10(11), 1663; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10111663 - 22 Oct 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2756

Abstract

Rosa gallica is a widely used Rosa species for medicinal and culinary purposes. Rosa gallica has been reported to display antioxidant, anti−inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. However, the effect of Rosa gallica against skin aging in vivo is unknown and its active components have not been fully understood. Oral administration of Rosa gallica prevented UVB−mediated skin wrinkle formation and loss of collagen/keratin fibers in the dorsal skin of mice. Examination of biomarkers at the molecular level showed that Rosa gallica downregulates UVB−induced COX−2 and MMP−1 expression in the skin. Through a direct comparison of major compounds identified using the UHPLC−MS/MS system, we discovered gallic acid as the primary component contributing to the anti-skin aging effect exhibited by Rosa gallica. Examination of the molecular mechanism revealed that gallic acid can potently and selectively target the c−Raf/MEK/ERK/c−Fos signaling axis. In addition, both gallic acid and MEK inhibitor blocked UVB−induced MMP−1 expression and restored collagen levels in a reconstructed 3D human skin model. Collectively, Rosa gallica could be used as a functional ingredient in the development of nutraceuticals against skin aging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Age-Related Diseases and Anti-Aging Strategies)

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12 pages, 1051 KiB

Open AccessArticle

MEK1/2-ERK Pathway Alterations as a Therapeutic Target in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease: A Study in Senescence-Accelerated OXYS Rats

by Natalia A. Muraleva, Nataliya G. Kolosova and Natalia A. Stefanova

Antioxidants 2021, 10(7), 1058; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10071058 - 30 Jun 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3144

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia worldwide, with no cure. There is growing interest in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as possible pathogenesis-related therapeutic targets in AD. Previously, using senescence-accelerated OXYS rats, which simulate key characteristics of the sporadic AD type, we have shown that prolonged treatment with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant plastoquinonyl-decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) during active progression of AD-like pathology improves the activity of many signaling pathways (SPs) including the p38 MAPK SP. In this study, we continued to investigate the mechanisms behind anti-AD effects of SkQ1 in OXYS rats and focused on hippocampal extracellular regulated kinases’ (ERK1 and -2) activity alterations. According to high-throughput RNA sequencing results, SkQ1 eliminated differences in the expression of eight out of nine genes involved in the ERK1/2 SP, compared to untreated control (Wistar) rats. Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining revealed that SkQ1 suppressed ERK1/2 activity via reductions in the phosphorylation of kinases ERK1/2, MEK1, and MEK2. SkQ1 decreased hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, which is present in pathological aggregates in AD. Thus, SkQ1 alleviates AD pathology by suppressing MEK1/2-ERK1/2 SP activity in the OXYS rat hippocampus and may be a promising candidate drug for human AD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Age-Related Diseases and Anti-Aging Strategies)

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24 pages, 21406 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Patrícia Correia, Paula Araújo, Carolina Ribeiro, Hélder Oliveira, Ana Rita Pereira, Nuno Mateus, Victor de Freitas, Natércia F. Brás, Paula Gameiro, Patrícia Coelho, Lucinda J. Bessa, Joana Oliveira and Iva Fernandes

Antioxidants 2021, 10(7), 1038; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10071038 - 28 Jun 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3891

Abstract

Human skin is commonly described as a particularly dynamic and complex environment, with a physiological balance continuously orchestrated by numerous internal and external factors. Intrinsic aging, exposure to UV radiation and skin pathogens are some of the key players that account for dermatological alterations and ailments. In this regard, this study intended to explore the potential skin-health beneficial properties of a group of molecules belonging to the anthocyanin family: cyanidin- and malvidin-3-O-glucosides and some of their structurally related pigments, resulting in a library of compounds with different structural properties and color hues. The inclusion of both purified compounds and crude extracts provided some insights into their distinctive effects when tested as individual agents or as part of multicomponent mixtures. Overall, most of the compounds were found to reduce biofilm production by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa reference strains, exhibit UV-filter capacity, attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species in human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts and also showed inhibitory activity of skin-degrading enzymes, in the absence of cytotoxic effects. Carboxypyranocyanidin-3-O-glucoside stood out for its global performance which, combined with its greater structural stability, makes this a particular interesting compound for potential incorporation in topical formulations. Results provide strong evidence of the skin protective effects of these pigments, supporting their further application for cosmeceutical purposes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Age-Related Diseases and Anti-Aging Strategies)

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Review

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27 pages, 4607 KiB

Open AccessReview

Ginkgo biloba in the Aging Process: A Narrative Review

by Sandra Maria Barbalho, Rosa Direito, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Ledyane Taynara Marton, Elen Landgraf Guiguer, Ricardo de Alvares Goulart, Ricardo José Tofano, Antonely C. A. Carvalho, Uri Adrian Prync Flato, Viviane Alessandra Capelluppi Tofano, Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi, Patrícia C. Santos Bueno, Raul S. J. Girio and Adriano Cressoni Araújo

Antioxidants 2022, 11(3), 525; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11030525 - 09 Mar 2022

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 15223

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, insulin resistance, cancer, and other degenerative processes commonly appear with aging. Ginkgo biloba (GB) is associated with several health benefits, including memory and cognitive improvement, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and cancer. Its antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions have effects on cognition and other conditions associated with aging-related processes, such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and cardiovascular conditions. The aim of this study was to perform a narrative review of the effects of GB in some age-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, CVD, and cancer. PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched, and the PRISMA guidelines were applied. Fourteen clinical trials were selected; the studies showed that GB can improve memory, cognition, memory scores, psychopathology, and the quality of life of patients. Moreover, it can improve cerebral blood flow supply, executive function, attention/concentration, non-verbal memory, and mood, and decrease stress, fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin levels, body mass index, waist circumference, biomarkers of oxidative stress, the stability and progression of atherosclerotic plaques, and inflammation. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the use of GB can provide benefits in the prevention and treatment of aging-related conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Age-Related Diseases and Anti-Aging Strategies)

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38 pages, 1636 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease

by Andrila E. Collins, Tarek M. Saleh and Bettina E. Kalisch

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 213; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11020213 - 23 Jan 2022

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 7071

Abstract

It is estimated that the prevalence rate of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will double by the year 2040. Although currently available treatments help with symptom management, they do not prevent, delay the progression of, or cure the disease. Interestingly, a shared characteristic of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases and disorders is oxidative stress. Despite profound evidence supporting the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, none of the currently available treatment options address oxidative stress. Recently, attention has been placed on the use of antioxidants to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In preclinical studies utilizing cellular and animal models, natural antioxidants showed therapeutic promise when administered alone or in combination with other compounds. More recently, the concept of combination antioxidant therapy has been explored as a novel approach to preventing and treating neurodegenerative conditions that present with oxidative stress as a contributing factor. In this review, the relationship between oxidative stress and AD pathology and the neuroprotective role of natural antioxidants from natural sources are discussed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants as preventatives and/or treatment for AD is examined, with special attention paid to natural antioxidant combinations and conjugates that are currently being investigated in human clinical trials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Age-Related Diseases and Anti-Aging Strategies)

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24 pages, 4495 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation

by Yong Chool Boo

Antioxidants 2021, 10(8), 1315; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10081315 - 21 Aug 2021

Cited by 54 | Viewed by 31523

Abstract

Vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid, niacin) deficiency causes the systemic disease pellagra, which leads to dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and possibly death depending on its severity and duration. Vitamin B3 is used in the synthesis of the NAD⁺ family of coenzymes, contributing to cellular energy metabolism and defense systems. Although nicotinamide (niacinamide) is primarily used as a nutritional supplement for vitamin B3, its pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical uses have been extensively explored. In this review, we discuss the biological activities and cosmeceutical properties of nicotinamide in consideration of its metabolic pathways. Supplementation of nicotinamide restores cellular NAD⁺ pool and mitochondrial energetics, attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory response, enhances extracellular matrix and skin barrier, and inhibits the pigmentation process in the skin. Topical treatment of nicotinamide, alone or in combination with other active ingredients, reduces the progression of skin aging and hyperpigmentation in clinical trials. Topically applied nicotinamide is well tolerated by the skin. Currently, there is no convincing evidence that nicotinamide has specific molecular targets for controlling skin aging and pigmentation. This substance is presumed to contribute to maintaining skin homeostasis by regulating the redox status of cells along with various metabolites produced from it. Thus, it is suggested that nicotinamide will be useful as a cosmeceutical ingredient to attenuate skin aging and hyperpigmentation, especially in the elderly or patients with reduced NAD⁺ pool in the skin due to internal or external stressors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Age-Related Diseases and Anti-Aging Strategies)

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31 pages, 647 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

by Daniela-Saveta Popa, Galya Bigman and Marius Emil Rusu

Antioxidants 2021, 10(4), 566; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10040566 - 06 Apr 2021

Cited by 50 | Viewed by 12068

Abstract

As human life expectancy is rising, the incidence of age-associated diseases will also increase. Scientific evidence has revealed that healthy diets, including good fats, vitamins, minerals, or polyphenolics, could have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with antiaging effects. Recent studies demonstrated that vitamin K is a vital cofactor in activating several proteins, which act against age-related syndromes. Thus, vitamin K can carboxylate osteocalcin (a protein capable of transporting and fixing calcium in bone), activate matrix Gla protein (an inhibitor of vascular calcification and cardiovascular events) and carboxylate Gas6 protein (involved in brain physiology and a cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease inhibitor). By improving insulin sensitivity, vitamin K lowers diabetes risk. It also exerts antiproliferative, proapoptotic, autophagic effects and has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Recent research shows that protein S, another vitamin K-dependent protein, can prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 cases. The reduced activation of protein S due to the pneumonia-induced vitamin K depletion was correlated with higher thrombogenicity and possibly fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our review aimed to present the latest scientific evidence about vitamin K and its role in preventing age-associated diseases and/or improving the effectiveness of medical treatments in mature adults ˃50 years old. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Age-Related Diseases and Anti-Aging Strategies)

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Other

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19 pages, 3060 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Walnut Intake Interventions Targeting Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

by Letiția Mateș, Daniela-Saveta Popa, Marius Emil Rusu, Ionel Fizeșan and Daniel Leucuța

Antioxidants 2022, 11(7), 1412; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11071412 - 21 Jul 2022

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4761

Abstract

Biomarkers of metabolic syndrome and inflammation are pathophysiological predictors and factors of senescence and age-related diseases. Recent evidence showed that particular diet components, such as walnuts rich in antioxidant bioactive compounds and with a balanced lipid profile, could have positive outcomes on human health. A systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases was performed to retrieve randomized controlled trials published from the beginning of each database through November 2021, reporting on the outcomes of walnut consumption over 22 metabolic syndrome and inflammatory markers in middle-aged and older adults. The search strategy rendered 17 studies in the final selection, including 11 crossover and 6 parallel trials. The study revealed that walnut-enriched diets had statistically significant decreasing effects for triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol concentrations on some inflammatory markers and presented no consequences on anthropometric and glycemic parameters. Although further studies and better-designed ones are needed to strengthen these findings, the results emphasize the benefits of including walnuts in the dietary plans of this age group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Age-Related Diseases and Anti-Aging Strategies)

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