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Antioxidants
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Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases
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Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2021) | Viewed by 90139

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Christos Kontogiorgis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece
Interests: public health; hygiene; medicinal chemistry; natural products; antioxidants; pharmacoepidemiology; nutritional epidemiology; structure-activity relationships; drug utilisation; risk minimization and communication
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research in previous decades has established a strong association between the generation of free radicals and the onset of numerous diseases. Although the production of free radicals is a naturally occurring process, in terms of human metabolism, many factors can play pivotal roles in their increased production, including environment, lifestyle, and pathological factors. This can lead to a state of oxidative stress, described as an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, when it is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and other chronic and age-related diseases. Antioxidants hinder oxidative processes and thereby have the ability to delay or prevent oxidative stress. It is well known that fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidant-rich compounds such as phytochemicals, including carotenoids, flavonoids and others, vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, etc., which are considered to be responsible for health benefits and play significant roles in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Moreover, omega-3 and other fatty acids, which are also associated with a higher requirement for antioxidants, play a prophylactic role in many diseases. This Special Issue is focused on the new generation of nutraceutical products, their related mechanisms of action, and the contribution of antioxidants to both the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.

Dr. Christos Kontogiorgis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antioxidants
  • natural products
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • diabetes mellitus
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • metabolic syndrome
  • cancer
  • mental health
  • clinical trials
  • animal studies

Published Papers (20 papers)

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14 pages, 5497 KiB  
Article
Protective Effect of Oligonol on Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats via the JNK/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways
by Changyong Lee, Jeonghyeon Bak, Sik Yoon and Jeon-Ok Moon
Antioxidants 2021, 10(3), 366; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10030366 - 28 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2719
Abstract
Oligonol is a low molecular weight polyphenol product derived from lychee fruit by a manufacturing process. We investigated oligonol’s anti-fibrotic effect and the underlying mechanism in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced chronic liver damage in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Oral administration of oligonol (10 and 20 mg/kg [...] Read more.
Oligonol is a low molecular weight polyphenol product derived from lychee fruit by a manufacturing process. We investigated oligonol’s anti-fibrotic effect and the underlying mechanism in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced chronic liver damage in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Oral administration of oligonol (10 and 20 mg/kg body weight) ameliorated the DMN-induced abnormalities in liver histology and serum parameters in rats. Oligonol prevented the DMN-induced elevations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions at the mRNA level. NF-κB activation and JNK phosphorylation in DMN-treated rats were ablated by oligonol. Oligonol reduced the enhanced production of hepatic malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species and recovered protein SH, non-protein SH levels, and catalase activity in the DMN treated liver. Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus was enhanced, and PI3K and phosphorylated Akt levels were increased by administering oligonol. The level of hepatic fibrosis-related factors such as α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β1, and type I collagen was reduced in rats treated with oligonol. Histology and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the accumulation of collagen and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in liver tissue were restored by oligonol treatment. Taken together, oligonol showed antioxidative, hepatoprotective, and anti-fibrotic effects via JNK/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathways in DMN-intoxicated rats. These results suggest that antioxidant oligonol is a potentially useful agent for the protection against chronic liver injury. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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15 pages, 2265 KiB  
Article
Bay Leaf (Laurus Nobilis L.) Incense Improved Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Rats by Restoring Cholinergic Dysfunction and Brain Antioxidant Status
by Ion Brinza, Razvan Stefan Boiangiu, Monica Hancianu, Oana Cioanca, Ilkay Erdogan Orhan and Lucian Hritcu
Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 259; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10020259 - 08 Feb 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5492
Abstract
Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis L.) has been shown to possesses various biological activities such as wound healing activity, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, antiviral activity, immunostimulant activity, anticholinergic activity, antifungal activity, insect repellant activity, anticonvulsant activity, antimutagenic activity, and analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. [...] Read more.
Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis L.) has been shown to possesses various biological activities such as wound healing activity, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, antiviral activity, immunostimulant activity, anticholinergic activity, antifungal activity, insect repellant activity, anticonvulsant activity, antimutagenic activity, and analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The present study aimed to investigate whether the bay leaf incense (BL) elicits the memory formation via the action on the cholinergic system using a scopolamine (Sco)-induced rat model. Rats were exposed to BL over 5 min in a smoking chamber apparatus once daily for 22 days, whereas memory impairment was induced by Sco (0.7 mg/kg), a muscarinic receptor antagonist, delivered 30 min before each behavioral test. The phytochemical composition of BL was achieved by gas chromatograph–mass spectrometry (GCMS). Behavioral effects in rats were assessed by Y-maze, radial arm maze (RAM), and novel object recognition (NOR) paradigms. Additionally, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the oxidative stress markers in the rat hippocampus were also evaluated. Exposure to BL significantly ameliorated Sco-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus. The obtained results suggested that BL-induced ameliorative cognitive effects are mediated by enhancement of the cholinergic system and antioxidant activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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14 pages, 288 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress before and after Using Laser and Photoactivation Therapy as Adjuvant of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
by Maria-Alexandra Martu, Petra Surlin, Luminita Lazar, George Alexandru Maftei, Ionut Luchian, Dorin-Nicolae Gheorghe, Elena Rezus, Vasilica Toma and Liliana-Georgeta Foia
Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 226; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10020226 - 03 Feb 2021
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 2498
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this split-mouth design study was to analyze the clinical periodontal indexes and oxidative stress markers in gingival crevicular fluid modifications after three periodontal disease treatment possibilities (scaling and root planning—SRP; SRP and diode laser—L; SRP and photodynamic therapy—PDT). [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The aim of this split-mouth design study was to analyze the clinical periodontal indexes and oxidative stress markers in gingival crevicular fluid modifications after three periodontal disease treatment possibilities (scaling and root planning—SRP; SRP and diode laser—L; SRP and photodynamic therapy—PDT). (2) Methods: The study was conducted on 52 patients: systemically healthy subjects with periodontal disease—non-RA (n = 26); and test group (n = 26) subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease—RA. Clinical periodontal measurements (probing depth—PD; Löe and Silness gingival index—GI; papillary bleeding index—PBI; and periodontal community index of treatment needs—CPITN) and oxidative stress markers (8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 4 hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)) were analyzed at baseline (T0), after three sessions of periodontal treatment (T1), and 6 months after treatment (T2). (3) Results: Periodontal therapy improved clinical periodontal measurements and oxidative stress markers in both analyzed groups, with supplementary benefits for laser- and PDT-treated periodontal pockets. (4) Conclusions: The analyzed oxidative stress markers decreased significantly following non-surgical periodontal therapy in both rheumatoid arthritis and systemically healthy patients. All the periodontal disease treatment possibilities analyzed in this study offered clinical and paraclinical improvements; however, the association of laser with SRP and photodisinfection with SRP yielded the best clinical and paraclinical outcomes when compared to SRP alone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
17 pages, 3718 KiB  
Article
Intra-Articular Injection of (−)-Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate (EGCG) Ameliorates Cartilage Degeneration in Guinea Pigs with Spontaneous Osteoarthritis
by Hsuan-Ti Huang, Tsung-Lin Cheng, Chung-Da Yang, Chi-Fen Chang, Cheng-Jung Ho, Shu-Chun Chuang, Jhong-You Li, Shih-Hao Huang, Yi-Shan Lin, Hsin-Yi Shen, Tsung-Han Yu, Lin Kang, Sung-Yen Lin and Chung-Hwan Chen
Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 178; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10020178 - 26 Jan 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3096
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease that causes an enormous burden of disease worldwide. (−)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) has been reported to reduce post-traumatic OA progression through its anti-inflammatory property. Aging is the most crucial risk factor of OA, and the majority [...] Read more.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease that causes an enormous burden of disease worldwide. (−)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) has been reported to reduce post-traumatic OA progression through its anti-inflammatory property. Aging is the most crucial risk factor of OA, and the majority of OA incidences are related to age and not trauma. In this study, we assess whether EGCG can ameliorate cartilage degradation in primary OA. In an in-vitro study, real-time PCR was performed to assess the expression of genes associated with human articular chondrocyte homeostasis. A spontaneously occurring OA model in guinea pigs was used to investigate the effect of EGCG in vivo. OA severity was evaluated using Safranin O staining and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores, as well as by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis to determine the protein level of type II collagen (Col II), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and p16 ink4a in articular cartilage. In the in-vitro study, EGCG increased the gene expression of aggrecan and Col II and decreased the expression of interleukin-1, cyclooxygenase 2, MMP-13, alkaline phosphatase, Col X, and p16 Ink4a; EGCG treatment also attenuated the degraded cartilage with a lower OARSI score. Meanwhile, IHC results showed that EGCG exerted an anti-OA effect by reducing ECM degradation, cartilage inflammation, and cell senescence with a less-immunostained Col II, MMP-13, and p16 Ink4a. In conclusion, these findings suggest that EGCG may be a potential disease-modifying OA drug for the treatment of primary OA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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16 pages, 3322 KiB  
Article
Intra-Articular Injection of (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate to Attenuate Articular Cartilage Degeneration by Enhancing Autophagy in a Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Rat Model
by Hsuan-Ti Huang, Tsung-Lin Cheng, Cheng-Jung Ho, Han Hsiang Huang, Cheng-Chang Lu, Shu-Chun Chuang, Jhong-You Li, Tien-Ching Lee, Shih-Tse Chen, Yi-Shan Lin, Chih-Yao Lee, Lin Kang, Sung-Yen Lin and Chung-Hwan Chen
Antioxidants 2021, 10(1), 8; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10010008 - 23 Dec 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2585
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is the main active green tea catechin and has a wide variety of benefits for health. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) occurs as a consequence of joint injuries that commonly happen in the young population. In this study, we investigated the effects [...] Read more.
(-)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is the main active green tea catechin and has a wide variety of benefits for health. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) occurs as a consequence of joint injuries that commonly happen in the young population. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG on PTOA prevention by using the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)–OA model and further investigated the roles of autophagy in OA treatment. Our results showed that intra-articular injection of EGCG significantly improved the functional performances and decreased cartilage degradation. EGCG treatment attenuated the inflammation on synovial tissue and cartilage through less immunostained cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-13. We further noted EGCG may modulate the chondrocyte apoptosis by activation of the cytoprotective autophagy through reducing the expression of the mTOR and enhancing the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, beclin-1, and p62. In conclusion, intra-articular injection of EGCG after ACL injury inhibited the joint inflammation and cartilage degradation, thereby increasing joint function. EGCG treatment also reduced the chondrocyte apoptosis, possibly by activating autophagy. These findings suggested that EGCG may be a potential disease-modifying drug for preventing OA progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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15 pages, 4562 KiB  
Article
Nicotinamide Prevents Apolipoprotein B-Containing Lipoprotein Oxidation, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice
by Karen Alejandra Méndez-Lara, Nicole Letelier, Núria Farré, Elena M. G. Diarte-Añazco, Núria Nieto-Nicolau, Elisabeth Rodríguez-Millán, David Santos, Victor Pallarès, Joan Carles Escolà-Gil, Tania Vázquez del Olmo, Enrique Lerma, Mercedes Camacho, Ricardo P Casaroli-Marano, Annabel F. Valledor, Francisco Blanco-Vaca and Josep Julve
Antioxidants 2020, 9(11), 1162; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9111162 - 21 Nov 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4078
Abstract
The potential of nicotinamide (NAM) to prevent atherosclerosis has not yet been examined. This study investigated the effect of NAM supplementation on the development of atherosclerosis in a mouse model of the disease. The development of aortic atherosclerosis was significantly reduced (NAM low [...] Read more.
The potential of nicotinamide (NAM) to prevent atherosclerosis has not yet been examined. This study investigated the effect of NAM supplementation on the development of atherosclerosis in a mouse model of the disease. The development of aortic atherosclerosis was significantly reduced (NAM low dose: 45%; NAM high dose: 55%) in NAM-treated, apolipoprotein (Apo)E-deficient mice challenged with a Western diet for 4 weeks. NAM administration significantly increased (1.8-fold) the plasma concentration of proatherogenic ApoB-containing lipoproteins in NAM high-dose (HD)-treated mice compared with untreated mice. However, isolated ApoB-containing lipoproteins from NAM HD mice were less prone to oxidation than those of untreated mice. This result was consistent with the decreased (1.5-fold) concentration of oxidized low-density lipoproteins in this group. Immunohistochemical staining of aortas from NAM-treated mice showed significantly increased levels of IL-10 (NAM low-dose (LD): 1.3-fold; NAM HD: 1.2-fold), concomitant with a significant decrease in the relative expression of TNFα (NAM LD: −44%; NAM HD: −57%). An improved anti-inflammatory pattern was reproduced in macrophages cultured in the presence of NAM. Thus, dietary NAM supplementation in ApoE-deficient mice prevented the development of atherosclerosis and improved protection against ApoB-containing lipoprotein oxidation and aortic inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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17 pages, 656 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Effects of Regular Walking and Alkaline Electrolyzed Water on Decreasing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, and Increasing Quality of Life in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Community Based Randomized Controlled Trial
by Yohanes Andy Rias, Adi Lukas Kurniawan, Ching Wen Chang, Christopher James Gordon and Hsiu Ting Tsai
Antioxidants 2020, 9(10), 946; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9100946 - 01 Oct 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4442
Abstract
Alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) and walking are strongly recommended for ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information on the combination of both on alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress, and improving the quality of life (QoL). We investigated the synergistic [...] Read more.
Alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) and walking are strongly recommended for ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information on the combination of both on alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress, and improving the quality of life (QoL). We investigated the synergistic effects of drinking AEW and walking on advanced glycation end products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), malondialdehyde (MDA), white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and QoL. In total, 81 eligible patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were randomly allocated via single blind to four groups: consumed 2 L/day of AEW (n = 20), instructed to walk for 150 min/week (n = 20), received a combination of AEW and walking (n = 20), and continue their habitual diet and activity (n = 21). Data were collected and analyzed before and after 8 weeks of intervention. Our results showed a significant interaction between the group and time, with both AEW and walking independently and synergistically ameliorating AGEs, AOPPs, MDA, NLR and WBCs levels. Moreover, the AEW group had a higher physical and total QoL score. The walking group and the combined group had higher scores in physical, mental and total QoL compared to the control group. The synergistic effect of AEW and regular walking are an advisable treatment for patients with T2DM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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15 pages, 2349 KiB  
Article
Maternal N-Acetylcysteine Therapy Prevents Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Offspring: Implications of Hydrogen Sulfide-Generating Pathway and Gut Microbiota
by Chien-Ning Hsu, Chih-Yao Hou, Guo-Ping Chang-Chien, Sufan Lin and You-Lin Tain
Antioxidants 2020, 9(9), 856; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9090856 - 13 Sep 2020
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 3091
Abstract
Hypertension can come from early life. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) precursor as well as an antioxidant, has antihypertensive effect. We investigated whether maternal NAC therapy can protect spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) male offspring against hypertension. The pregnant rats were [...] Read more.
Hypertension can come from early life. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) precursor as well as an antioxidant, has antihypertensive effect. We investigated whether maternal NAC therapy can protect spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) male offspring against hypertension. The pregnant rats were assigned to four groups: SHRs without treatment; Wistar Kyoto (WKY) without treatment; SHR+NAC, SHRs received 1% NAC in drinking water throughout pregnancy and lactation; and, WKY+NAC, WKY rats received 1% NAC in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring (n = 8/group) were killed at 12 weeks of age. Maternal NAC therapy prevented the rise in systolic blood pressure (BP) in male SHR offspring at 12 weeks of age. Renal cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (3MST) protein levels and H2S-releasing activity were increased in the SHR+NAC offspring. Maternal NAC therapy increased fecal H2S and thiosulfate levels in the SHR+NAC group. Additionally, maternal NAC therapy differentially shaped gut microbiota and caused a distinct enterotype in each group. The protective effect of maternal NAC therapy against hypertension in SHR offspring is related to increased phylum Actinobacteria and genera Bifidobacterium and Allobaculum, but decreased phylum Verrucomicrobia, genera Turicibacter, and Akkermansia. Several microbes were identified as microbial markers, including genera Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum, Holdemania, and Turicibacter. Our results indicated that antioxidant therapy by NAC in pregnant SHRs can prevent the developmental programming of hypertension in male adult offspring. Our findings highlight the interrelationships among H2S-generating pathway in the kidneys and gut, gut microbiota, and hypertension. The implications of maternal NAC therapy elicited long-term protective effects on hypertension in later life that still await further clinical translation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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16 pages, 684 KiB  
Article
Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Status in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
by Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida, Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés, Manuela Abbate, Sofía Montemayor, Catalina M. Mascaró, Miguel Casares, Silvia Tejada, Itziar Abete, Maria Angeles Zulet, Josep A. Tur, J. Alfredo Martínez and Antoni Sureda
Antioxidants 2020, 9(8), 759; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9080759 - 16 Aug 2020
Cited by 48 | Viewed by 4540
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive fat accumulation, especially triglycerides, in hepatocytes. If the pathology is not properly treated, it can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and continue to fibrosis, cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. Objective: The aim of the current [...] Read more.
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive fat accumulation, especially triglycerides, in hepatocytes. If the pathology is not properly treated, it can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and continue to fibrosis, cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. Objective: The aim of the current research was to identify the plasma biomarkers of liver damage, oxidative stress and inflammation that facilitate the early diagnosis of the disease and control its progression. Methods: Antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in the plasma of patients diagnosed with NAFLD (n = 100 adults; 40–60 years old) living in the Balearic Islands, Spain. Patients were classified according to the intrahepatic fat content (IFC) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Circulating glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were higher in patients with an IFC ≥ 2 of NAFLD in comparison to patients with an IFC of 0 and 1. The plasma levels of catalase, irisin, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, and cytokeratin 18 were higher in stage ≥2 subjects, whereas the resolvin D1 levels were lower. No differences were observed in xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, protein carbonyl and fibroblast growth factor 21 depending on liver status. Conclusion: The current available data show that the severity of NAFLD is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and proinflammatory status. It may be also useful as diagnostic purpose in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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24 pages, 4812 KiB  
Article
Supplementation of 17β-Estradiol Normalizes Rapid Gastric Emptying by Restoring Impaired Nrf2 and nNOS Function in Obesity-Induced Diabetic Ovariectomized Mice
by Jeremy C. Sprouse, Chethan Sampath and Pandu R. Gangula
Antioxidants 2020, 9(7), 582; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9070582 - 03 Jul 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3869
Abstract
Gastroparesis (Gp) is a multifactorial condition commonly observed in females and is characterized by delayed or rapid gastric emptying (GE). The role of ovarian hormones on GE in the pathogenesis of obesity induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is completely unknown. The aims [...] Read more.
Gastroparesis (Gp) is a multifactorial condition commonly observed in females and is characterized by delayed or rapid gastric emptying (GE). The role of ovarian hormones on GE in the pathogenesis of obesity induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is completely unknown. The aims of our study are to investigate whether supplementation of 17β-estradiol (E2) or progesterone (P4) restores impaired nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, an oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor) and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated gastric motility in ovariectomized (OVX) mice consuming a high-fat diet (HFD, a model of T2DM). Groups of OVX+HFD mice were administered daily subcutaneous doses of either E2 or P4 for 12 weeks. The effects of E2 and P4 on body weight, metabolic homeostasis, solid GE, gastric antrum NO-mediated relaxation, total nitrite levels, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOSα), and its cofactor expression levels were assessed in OVX+HFD mice. HFD exacerbated hyperglycemia and insulinemia while accelerating GE (p < 0.05) in OVX mice. Exogenous E2, but not P4, attenuated rapid gastric emptying and restored gastric nitrergic relaxation, total nitrite levels, nNOSα, and cofactor expression via normalizing Nrf2-Phase II enzymes, inflammatory response, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein expression in OVX+HFD mice. We conclude that E2 is beneficial in normalizing metabolic homeostasis and gastric emptying in obese, diabetic OVX mice consuming a fat-rich diet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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22 pages, 2054 KiB  
Article
A Mixture of Algae and Extra Virgin Olive Oils Attenuates the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Aging in Male Wistar Rats
by Daniel González-Hedström, Sara Amor, María de la Fuente-Fernández, Antonio Tejera-Muñoz, Teresa Priego, Ana Isabel Martín, Asunción López-Calderón, Antonio Manuel Inarejos-García, Ángel Luís García-Villalón and Miriam Granado
Antioxidants 2020, 9(6), 483; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9060483 - 03 Jun 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3470
Abstract
Aging is one of the major risk factors for suffering cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Due to the increase in life expectancy, there is a strong interest in the search for anti-aging strategies to treat and prevent these aging-induced disorders. Both omega 3 polyunsaturated [...] Read more.
Aging is one of the major risk factors for suffering cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Due to the increase in life expectancy, there is a strong interest in the search for anti-aging strategies to treat and prevent these aging-induced disorders. Both omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) exert numerous metabolic and cardiovascular benefits in the elderly. In addition, EVOO constitutes an interesting ingredient to stabilize ω-3 PUFA and decrease their oxidation process due to its high content in antioxidant compounds. ω-3 PUFA are commonly obtained from fish. However, more ecological and sustainable sources, such as algae oil (AO) can also be used. In this study, we aimed to study the possible beneficial effect of an oil mixture composed by EVOO (75%) and AO (25%) rich in ω-3 PUFA (35% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 20% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) on the cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging. For this purpose; young (three months old) and old (24 months old) male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or with the oil mixture (2.5 mL/kg) for 21 days. Treatment with the oil mixture prevented the aging-induced increase in the serum levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the aging-induced decrease in the serum concentrations of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Old treated rats showed increased serum concentrations of EPA and DHA and decreased HOMA-IR index and circulating levels of total cholesterol, insulin and IL-6. Treatment with the oil mixture increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant and insulin sensitivity-related enzymes, as well as reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the liver and in cardiac and aortic tissues. In addition, the treatment also prevented the aging-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular insulin resistance through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, aortic rings from old rats treated with the oil mixture showed a decreased response to the vasoconstrictor AngII. In conclusion, treatment with a mixture of EVOO and AO improves the lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and vascular function in aged rats and decreases aging-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver, and in the cardiovascular system. Thus, it could be an interesting strategy to deal with cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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19 pages, 2321 KiB  
Article
High-Pressure Extraction of Antioxidant-Rich Fractions from Shrubby Cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa L. Rydb.) Leaves: Process Optimization and Extract Characterization
by Michail Syrpas, Kiran Subbarayadu, Vaida Kitrytė and Petras Rimantas Venskutonis
Antioxidants 2020, 9(6), 457; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9060457 - 26 May 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3238
Abstract
Dasiphora fruticosa (basionym Potentilla fruticosa) is a shrub, known in traditional medicine for centuries. Due to the wide range of pharmacological effects, interest and applications of D. fruticosa extracts are continually increasing; however, reports on optimization of extraction conditions are scarce. Herein, [...] Read more.
Dasiphora fruticosa (basionym Potentilla fruticosa) is a shrub, known in traditional medicine for centuries. Due to the wide range of pharmacological effects, interest and applications of D. fruticosa extracts are continually increasing; however, reports on optimization of extraction conditions are scarce. Herein, a multi-step high-pressure extraction process with increasing polarity solvents was developed to isolate valuable fractions from D. fruticosa leaves. Supercritical CO2 extraction recovered 2.46 g/100 g of lipophilic fraction, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Further, pressurized liquid extractions (PLE) with acetone, ethanol, and water were applied to obtain antioxidant-rich higher polarity extracts. Under optimized PLE conditions, the cumulative polar fraction yield was 29.98 g/100 g. Ethanol fraction showed the highest yield (15.3 g/100 g), TPC values (148.4 mg GAE/g), ABTS•+, and DPPH• scavenging capacity (161.1 and 151.8 mg TE/g, respectively). PLE was more efficient than conventional solid–liquid extraction in terms of extraction time, extract yields, and in vitro antioxidant capacity. Phytochemical characterization of PLE extracts by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS revealed the presence of hyperoside, ellagic acid, among other health beneficial phenolic substances. Τhis study highlights the potential of high-pressure extraction techniques to isolate antioxidant-rich fractions from D. fruticosa leaves with multipurpose applications, including the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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14 pages, 1360 KiB  
Article
Increasing the Magnesium Concentration in Various Dialysate Solutions Differentially Modulates Oxidative Stress in a Human Monocyte Cell Line
by Carmen Vida, Julia Carracedo, Patricia de Sequera, Guillermo Bodega, Rafael Pérez, Matilde Alique and Rafael Ramírez
Antioxidants 2020, 9(4), 319; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9040319 - 15 Apr 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2807
Abstract
Oxidative stress is exacerbated in hemodialysis patients by several factors, including the uremic environment and the use of dialysis fluids (DFs). Since magnesium (Mg) plays a key role in modulating immune function and in reducing oxidative stress, we aimed to evaluate whether increasing [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is exacerbated in hemodialysis patients by several factors, including the uremic environment and the use of dialysis fluids (DFs). Since magnesium (Mg) plays a key role in modulating immune function and in reducing oxidative stress, we aimed to evaluate whether increasing the Mg concentration in different DFs could protect against oxidative stress in immunocompetent cells in vitro. Effect of ADF (acetate 3 mM), CDF (citrate 1 mM), and ACDF (citrate 0.8 mM + acetate 0.3 mM) dialysates with Mg at standard (0.5 mM) or higher (1, 1.25, and 2 mM) concentrations were assessed in THP-1 monocyte cultures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were quantified under basal and uremic conditions (indoxyl sulfate (IS) treatment). Under uremic conditions, the three DFs with 0.5 mM Mg promoted higher ROS production and lipid damage than the control solution. However, CDF and ACDF induced lower levels of ROS and MDA, compared to that induced by ADF. High Mg concentration (1.25 and/or 2 mM) in CDF and ACDF protected against oxidative stress, indicated by reduced ROS and MDA levels compared to respective DFs with standard concentration of Mg. Increasing Mg concentrations in ADF promoted high ROS production and MDA content. Thus, an increase in Mg content in DFs has differential effects on the oxidative stress in IS-treated THP-1 cells depending on the dialysate used. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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19 pages, 5046 KiB  
Article
Anti–Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of the Ethanol Extract of Clerodendrum Cyrtophyllum Turcz in Copper Sulfate-Induced Inflammation in Zebrafish
by Thu Hang Nguyen, Hong Diep Le, Thanh Nguyen Thi Kim, Hai Pham The, Thi Mai Nguyen, Valérie Cornet, Jérôme Lambert and Patrick Kestemont
Antioxidants 2020, 9(3), 192; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9030192 - 25 Feb 2020
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 6199
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are commonly present in many chronic diseases. These responses are closely related to pathophysiological processes. The inflammatory process can induce oxidative stress and vice versa through the activation of multiple pathways. Therefore, agents with antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory activities are [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress and inflammation are commonly present in many chronic diseases. These responses are closely related to pathophysiological processes. The inflammatory process can induce oxidative stress and vice versa through the activation of multiple pathways. Therefore, agents with antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory activities are very useful in the treatment of many pathologies. Clerodendrum cyrthophyllum Turcz, a plant belonging to the Verbenaceae family, is used in Vietnamese traditional medicine for treating migraine, hypertension, inflammation of the throat, and rheumatic arthritis. Despite its usefulness, studies on its biological properties are still scarce. In this study, ethanol extract (EE) of leaves of C. cyrtophyllum showed protective activity against CuSO4 toxicity. The protective activity was proven to relate to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. EE exhibited relatively high antioxidant activity (IC50 of 16.45 µg/mL) as measured by DPPH assay. In an in vivo anti-antioxidant test, three days post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae were treated with different concentrations of EE for 1 h and then exposed to 10 µM CuSO4 for 20 min to induce oxidative stress. Fluorescent probes were used to detect and quantify oxidative stress by measuring the fluorescent intensity (FI) in larvae. FI significantly decreased in the presence of EE at 5 and 20 µg/mL, demonstrating EE’s profound antioxidant effects, reducing or preventing oxidative stress from CuSO4. Moreover, the co-administration of EE also protected zebrafish larvae against oxidative damage from CuSO4 through down-regulation of hsp70 and gadd45bb expression and upregulation of sod. Due to copper accumulation in zebrafish tissues, the damage and oxidative stress were exacerbated overtime, resulting in the upregulation of genes related to inflammatory processes such as cox-2, pla2, c3a, mpo, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (il-1ß, il-8, tnf-α, and il-10, respectively). However, the association of CuSO4 with EE significantly decreased the expression of cox-2, pla2, c3a, mpo, il-8, and il-1ß. Taken together, the results suggest that EE has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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17 pages, 891 KiB  
Article
Associations between Dietary Polyphenols and Type 2 Diabetes in a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus Trial: Role of Body Mass Index and Sex
by Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Sara Castro-Barquero, Facundo Vitelli-Storelli, Nerea Becerra-Tomas, Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz, Andrés Díaz-López, Dolores Corella, Olga Castañer, Dora Romaguera, Jesús Vioque, Ángel María Alonso-Gómez, Julia Wärnberg, José Alfredo Martínez, Lluís Serra-Majem, Ramon Estruch, Francisco José Tinahones, José Lapetra, Xavier Pintó, Josep Antoni Tur, José López-Miranda, Laura García-Molina, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Pilar Matía-Martín, Lidia Daimiel, María Rubín-García, Josep Vidal, Alba Galdon, Emilio Ros, Francisco Javier Basterra-Gortari, Nancy Babio, José Vicente Sorlí, Álvaro Hernáez, Jadwiga Konieczna, Leyre Notario-Barandiaran, Lucas Tojal-Sierra, Jessica Pérez-López, Itziar Abete, Jacqueline Álvarez-Pérez, José Carlos Fernández-García, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, Ana Galera-Cusí, Alicia Julibert, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Raul Martinez-Lacruz, Karla-Alejandra Pérez-Vega, Aina María Galmes-Panades, Concepción Pastor-Polo, Anai Moreno-Rodriguez, Alfredo Gea, Montserrat Fitó, Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós and Jordi Salas-Salvadóadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Antioxidants 2019, 8(11), 537; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox8110537 - 08 Nov 2019
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 5821
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moving towards healthier diets, namely, diets rich in bioactive compounds, could decrease the odds of suffering T2D. However, those individuals with high body mass index (BMI) may have altered absorption or [...] Read more.
Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moving towards healthier diets, namely, diets rich in bioactive compounds, could decrease the odds of suffering T2D. However, those individuals with high body mass index (BMI) may have altered absorption or metabolism of some nutrients and dietary components, including polyphenols. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether high intakes of some classes of polyphenols are associated with T2D in a population with metabolic syndrome and how these associations depend on BMI and sex. This baseline cross-sectional analysis includes 6633 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Polyphenol intakes were calculated from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Cox regression models with constant time at risk and robust variance estimators were used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) for polyphenol intake and T2D prevalence using the lowest quartile as the reference group. Analyses were stratified by sex and BMI groups (overweight and obese) to evaluate potential effect modification. Catechins, proanthocyanidins, hydroxybenzoic acids, and lignans were inversely associated with T2D. Hydroxycinnamic acids were directly related in men. These associations were different depending on sex and BMI, that is, women and overweight obtained stronger inverse associations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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Review

Jump to: Research

32 pages, 1459 KiB  
Review
The Role of Natural Products in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Knowledge of Basic In Vitro and In Vivo Research
by Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou, Vasiliki Gougoula, Eugenia Bezirtzoglou, Christos Kontogiorgis and Theodoros K. Constantinides
Antioxidants 2021, 10(4), 599; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10040599 - 13 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3243
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder affecting a vast variety of the population. The onset of RA as well as the development of systematic immunization is affected by both genetic and environmental risk factors. This review aims to point out the role [...] Read more.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder affecting a vast variety of the population. The onset of RA as well as the development of systematic immunization is affected by both genetic and environmental risk factors. This review aims to point out the role of natural products in the management of RA, focusing on the reports of basic research (in vitro and animal studies) emphasizing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties considered in the field of RA. A systematic screening of the relevant literature was carried out on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus with the following criteria: publication date, 2015–2020; language, English; study design, in vitro or animal models; and the investigation of one or several natural products in the context of RA, including, when available, the molecular mechanisms implicated. A total of 211 papers were initially obtained and screened. In vitro and animal studies referring to 20 natural products and 15 pure compounds were ultimately included in this review. The outcomes of this work provide an overview of the methods employed in basic research over the past five years, with emphasis on the limitations presented, while demonstrating the potential benefits of utilizing natural products in the management of RA as supported by in vitro and animal studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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47 pages, 5899 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Anti-Metastatic Approaches of Herbal Medicines in 5 Major Cancers: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery
by Jinkyung Park, Dahee Jeong, Meeryoung Song and Bonglee Kim
Antioxidants 2021, 10(4), 527; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10040527 - 27 Mar 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5640
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related death. Despite its high fatality, a comprehensive study that covers anti-metastasis of herbal medicines has not yet been conducted. The aim of this study is to investigate and assess the anti-metastatic efficacies of herbal medicines in [...] Read more.
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related death. Despite its high fatality, a comprehensive study that covers anti-metastasis of herbal medicines has not yet been conducted. The aim of this study is to investigate and assess the anti-metastatic efficacies of herbal medicines in the five major cancers, including lung, colorectal, gastric, liver, and breast cancers. We collected articles published within five years using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science with “cancer metastasis” and “herbal medicine” as keywords. Correspondingly, 16 lung cancer, 23 colorectal cancer, 10 gastric cancer, 10 liver cancer, and 18 breast cancer studies were systematically reviewed. The herbal medicines attenuated metastatic potential targeting various mechanisms such as epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and angiogenesis. Specifically, the drugs regulated metastasis related factors such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), serine-threonine protein kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinase (AKT/ERK), angiogenic factors, and chemokines. Overall, the present study is the first review, comprehensively investigating the anti-metastasis effect of herbal medicines on five major cancers, providing the experimental models, doses and durations, and mechanisms. Herbal medicines could be a potent candidate for anti-metastatic drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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14 pages, 1020 KiB  
Review
Effectiveness of Propolis in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease: Updated Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
by Nansi López-Valverde, Beatriz Pardal-Peláez, Antonio López-Valverde, Javier Flores-Fraile, Silvia Herrero-Hernández, Bruno Macedo-de-Sousa, Julio Herrero-Payo and Juan Manuel Ramírez
Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 269; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10020269 - 10 Feb 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5103
Abstract
In recent times, the use of natural products has gained momentum, either as a treatment or as adjuvants for other drugs in the treatment of different conditions. Propolis is a natural substance produced by bees which has proven useful for treating periodontal disease. [...] Read more.
In recent times, the use of natural products has gained momentum, either as a treatment or as adjuvants for other drugs in the treatment of different conditions. Propolis is a natural substance produced by bees which has proven useful for treating periodontal disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis gather evidence of the effectiveness of propolis in this kind of condition. The MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched for scientific articles to identify the findings published up to October 2020. The MeSH phrases used in the search were: “periodontal diseases AND propolis treatment”; “gingivitis AND propolis treatment”; “periodontitis AND propolis treatment”; “propolis treatment AND oral health”; “propolis AND oxidative stress AND periodontitis”. The Boolean operator “AND” was used to combine the searches. Randomized trials where propolis was used in the treatment of different periodontal conditions were included. Non-randomized clinical studies were systematically reviewed and 224 studies were detected, eight of which met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Only three of these were selected for quantitative synthesis. In conclusion, propolis is safe to use and can improve the results of periodontal disease treatment, reducing probing pocket depth compared with treatment with a placebo (difference in means, fixed effects −0.67 [95% CI: −0.84, −0.50]). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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42 pages, 3429 KiB  
Review
Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery
by Jinjoo Lee, Seungjin Noh, Suhyun Lim and Bonglee Kim
Antioxidants 2021, 10(1), 81; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10010081 - 09 Jan 2021
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 6177
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the largest public health problems worldwide. Insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunction and chronic hyperglycemia result in devastating complications and poor prognosis. Even though there are many conventional drugs such as metformin (MET), Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sulfonylureas (SUF), [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the largest public health problems worldwide. Insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunction and chronic hyperglycemia result in devastating complications and poor prognosis. Even though there are many conventional drugs such as metformin (MET), Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sulfonylureas (SUF), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, side effects still exist. As numerous plant extracts with antidiabetic effects have been widely reported, they have the potential to be a great therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes with less side effects. In this study, sixty-five recent studies regarding plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes were reviewed. Plant extracts regulated blood glucose through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of plant extracts suppressed c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, which induce insulin resistance. Lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which are also associated with insulin resistance, are regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This review focuses on discovering plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes and exploring its therapeutic mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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13 pages, 713 KiB  
Review
Anthocyanins and Human Health—A Focus on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Disease
by Hollie Speer, Nathan M. D’Cunha, Natalie I. Alexopoulos, Andrew J. McKune and Nenad Naumovski
Antioxidants 2020, 9(5), 366; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9050366 - 28 Apr 2020
Cited by 100 | Viewed by 10306
Abstract
Consumption of anthocyanins (ACNs), due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, has been proposed for the prevention and treatment of several different diseases and conditions. ACNs are recognized as one of the leading nutraceuticals for prolonging health benefits through the attenuation of [...] Read more.
Consumption of anthocyanins (ACNs), due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, has been proposed for the prevention and treatment of several different diseases and conditions. ACNs are recognized as one of the leading nutraceuticals for prolonging health benefits through the attenuation of oxidative stress, and inflammatory or age-related diseases. Increased consumption of ACNs has the potential to attenuate the damage ensuing from oxidative stress, inflammation, enhance cardiometabolic health, and delay symptoms in predisposed neuropathology. A myriad of evidence supports ACN consumption as complementary or standalone treatment strategies for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases, as well as, more recently, for the modulation of gut bacteria and bone metabolism. While these findings indicate the beneficial effects of ACN consumption, their food sources differ vastly in ACN composition and thus potentially in their physiological effects. Consumption of foods high in ACNs can be recommended for their potential beneficial health effects due to their relatively easy and accessible addition to the everyday diet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
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