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Antioxidants
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Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables
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Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 July 2022) | Viewed by 61555

Special Issue Editors

Dr. M. Monica Giusti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Interests: chemistry of polyphenols; anthocyanins; phytochemicals; analytical chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Pu Jing

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Interests: chemical alterations of phytochemicals and bioactive components as a result of breeding; post-harvest process or processing; developing analytical methods for identifying and quantifying target secondary plant metabolites for biological significance; substances of nutritional food quality significance and safety related to chronic diseases; food quality assurance, Phytochemicals, chemical alteration, food processing, health benefit, chronic disease
Dr. Fei Lao

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Interests: non-thermal processing; value-added processing; fruits and vegetables; phytochemicals; health-promoting compounds

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A vast amount of epidemiologic evidence has shown that increased consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, among others. These health benefits are believed to be associated with the presence of antioxidants, which protect the cells and their structures against oxidative damage. Over the last few decades, numerous studies have focused on the health-promoting properties of fruit and vegetable antioxidants, together with dietary fiber, vitamins, antioxidant enzymes, as well as phytochemicals, among them polyphenols, glucosinolates, and carotenoids. Studies have shown that consumption of fruits and vegetables containing large amounts of non-vitamin low-molecular-weight antioxidants, such as polyphenols and anthocyanins, might contribute much more to the reduction of free-radical processes than previously thought. The effects of health promotion and reduction of diseases risk may be attributed not only to the effect of individual antioxidants but may also result from the synergistic effects of several different compounds (antioxidant and others) present in fruits and vegetables. Additionally, various emerging processing techniques and operations, as well as complex food matrices might alter the stability, bio-accessibility, and bioavailability of antioxidants from fruits and vegetables.

We invite you to submit your latest research findings or review articles to this Special Issue, which will bring together current research concerning antioxidants in fruits and vegetables and the key role that antioxidants play in oxidative stress modulation, gut microbiota regulation, and chronic disease interruption.

Dr. M. Monica Giusti
Dr. Pu Jing
Dr. Fei Lao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Antioxidant
  • Botanical foods
  • Oxidative stress
  • Chronic disease
  • Molecular interaction
  • Health-promoting
  • Gut microbiota

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review, Other

16 pages, 2018 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Differentiated Organic Fertilization on Tomato Production and Phenolic Content in Traditional and High-Yielding Varieties
by Johana González-Coria, Julián Lozano-Castellón, Carolina Jaime-Rodríguez, Alexandra Olmo-Cunillera, Emily P. Laveriano-Santos, Maria Pérez, Rosa Mª Lamuela-Raventós, Jordi Puig, Anna Vallverdú-Queralt and Joan Romanyà
Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2127; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11112127 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1972
Abstract
The challenge of sustainable agriculture is to increase yields and obtain higher quality products. Increased antioxidant compounds such as polyphenols in harvest products may be an added value for sustainable agriculture. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether three organic [...] Read more.
The challenge of sustainable agriculture is to increase yields and obtain higher quality products. Increased antioxidant compounds such as polyphenols in harvest products may be an added value for sustainable agriculture. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether three organic fertilization treatments with different levels of carbon and nitrogen, i.e., N-rich, N-rich+C, and N-poor+C, affected the phenolic content of different tomato varieties. The examined parameters were productivity, plant nutritional status, δ13C, and tomato phenolic content as an indication of the antioxidant capacity. The best production was obtained with ‘Cornabel’, a high-yielding Pebroter variety. The total phenolic content was highest in the traditional ‘Cuban Pepper’ variety regardless of treatment, while naringenin levels were high in all the Pebroter varieties. In N-poor+C fertilized plants, a lower N-NO3 content in leaves was correlated with higher levels of total polyphenols in the fruit. The high-water stress suffered by Montserrat varieties coincided with a low total phenolic content in the tomatoes. In conclusion, organic fertilization with reduced N did not influence the tomato yield but positively affected phenolic compound levels in varieties less sensitive to water stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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19 pages, 3524 KiB  
Article
A Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Muscadine Grapes Prevents Hypertension-Induced Diastolic Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress
by Pooja D. Patil, Ana Clara Melo, Brian M. Westwood, E. Ann Tallant and Patricia E. Gallagher
Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 2026; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11102026 - 14 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1745
Abstract
Muscadine grapes are abundant in dietary polyphenols, but their effect on hypertension-induced cardiac damage is limited. This study assessed whether a muscadine grape skin/seed extract supplement (MGES) prevents hypertension-induced cardiac damage and oxidative stress. Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated for four weeks [...] Read more.
Muscadine grapes are abundant in dietary polyphenols, but their effect on hypertension-induced cardiac damage is limited. This study assessed whether a muscadine grape skin/seed extract supplement (MGES) prevents hypertension-induced cardiac damage and oxidative stress. Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated for four weeks with drinking water, angiotensin II (Ang II) to induce hypertension, MGES, or both Ang II and MGES. Cardiac function assessed by echocardiography showed that Ang II increased systolic blood pressure while MGES alone or in combination with Ang II had no effect. Ang II increased E/e′, an indicator of left ventricular filling pressure and diastolic dysfunction, by 41% compared to Control and co-treatment with MGES prevented the Ang II-mediated increase, suggesting that the extract attenuated hypertension-induced diastolic function. Ang II infusion increased urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and cardiac 4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde, which were prevented by the extract. The antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase 1 activity and mRNA were increased significantly in animals treated with MGES alone or in combination with Ang II, suggesting that the extract upregulates oxidative stress defense mechanisms in cardiac tissue. Thus, MGES may serve as a medical food to protect the heart from hypertension-induced diastolic dysfunction caused in part by excessive reactive oxygen species production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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20 pages, 4936 KiB  
Article
Unravelling the In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Helicobacter pylori Effect of Delphinidin-3-O-Glucoside Rich Extract from Pomegranate Exocarp: Enhancing Autophagy and Downregulating TNF-α and COX2
by Amany E. Ragab, Lamiaa A. Al-Madboly, Ghada M. Al-Ashmawy, Maha Saber-Ayad and Mariam A. Abo-Saif
Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1752; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11091752 - 04 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2447
Abstract
Fruits containing antioxidants, e.g., anthocyanins, exhibit antimicrobial activities. The emergence of drug resistance represents a major challenge in eradicating H. pylori. The current study aims to explore the effect of pomegranate exocarp anthocyanin methanol extract (PEAME) against H. pylori isolates recovered from [...] Read more.
Fruits containing antioxidants, e.g., anthocyanins, exhibit antimicrobial activities. The emergence of drug resistance represents a major challenge in eradicating H. pylori. The current study aims to explore the effect of pomegranate exocarp anthocyanin methanol extract (PEAME) against H. pylori isolates recovered from antral gastric biopsies. The UPLC-PDA-MS/MS and 1H NMR analyses indicated delphinidin-3-O-glucoside as the major anthocyanin in the extract. The PEAME showed activity against all tested resistant isolates in vitro recording minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 128 and 256 µg/mL, respectively. In vivo investigation included evaluation of the rat gastric mucosa for malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase activity, COX2, TNF-α, and key autophagy gene expression. The combination of pomegranate with metronidazole markedly reduced the viable count of H. pylori and the level of COX2, with alleviation of H. pylori-induced inflammation and oxidative stress (reduction of MDA, p-value < 0.001; and increase in catalase activity, p-value < 0.001). Autophagy gene expression was significantly upregulated upon treatment, whereas TNF-α was downregulated. In conclusion, we comprehensively assessed the effect of PEAME against H. pylori isolates, suggesting its potential in combination with metronidazole for eradication of this pathogen. The beneficial effect of PEAME may be attributed to its ability to enhance autophagy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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24 pages, 1380 KiB  
Article
The Phytochemical and Nutritional Composition of Shallot Species (Allium × cornutum, Allium × proliferum and A. cepa Aggregatum) Is Genetically and Environmentally Dependent
by Nikola Major, Josipa Perković, Igor Palčić, Iva Bažon, Ivana Horvat, Dean Ban and Smiljana Goreta Ban
Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1547; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11081547 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2093
Abstract
Shallots are a perennial plant from the Alliaceae family, classified with the common onion under the name of the Allium cepa Aggregatum group. The term shallot is also used for diploid and triploid viviparous onions, known as Allium × proliferum (Moench) Schrad and [...] Read more.
Shallots are a perennial plant from the Alliaceae family, classified with the common onion under the name of the Allium cepa Aggregatum group. The term shallot is also used for diploid and triploid viviparous onions, known as Allium × proliferum (Moench) Schrad and Allium × cornutum Clementi ex Vis., respectively. In this study, we compared the dry matter, pyruvic acid content, sugar content, flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity and mineral composition of 34 shallot accessions falling into three shallot species (Allium × cornutum, Allium × proliferum and A. cepa Aggregatum). Shallot accessions belonging to the A.× cornutum and A. × proliferum groups are characterized by high dry matter content (around 25%), of which a little less than 50% is formed of inulin-type sugars, polysaccharides, considered an excellent prebiotic with beneficial effects on human health. On the other hand, accessions belonging to the A. cepa Aggregatum group have lower dry matter content and, as a result, lower pungency (measured as pyruvic acid content), making them more suitable for fresh consumption by a broader range of consumers, but, at the same time, abundant in phenolic compounds, especially quercetin and isorhamnetin glycosides. We also observed a greater biodiversity among accessions within the A. cepa Aggregatum group in all the analyzed physico-chemical parameters compared to the other shallot groups. The investigated shallot accessions have an excellent in vitro antioxidant capacity, as well as excellent nutritional properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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17 pages, 14073 KiB  
Article
Ultrasounds and a Postharvest Photoperiod to Enhance the Synthesis of Sulforaphane and Antioxidants in Rocket Sprouts
by Lorena Martínez-Zamora, Noelia Castillejo and Francisco Artés-Hernández
Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1490; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11081490 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1582
Abstract
Ultrasounds (US) and LED illumination are being studied to optimize yield and quality. The objective was to evaluate the effect of a pre-sowing US treatment combined with a postharvest photoperiod including LEDs on rocket sprouts’ quality and phytochemicals during shelf life. A US [...] Read more.
Ultrasounds (US) and LED illumination are being studied to optimize yield and quality. The objective was to evaluate the effect of a pre-sowing US treatment combined with a postharvest photoperiod including LEDs on rocket sprouts’ quality and phytochemicals during shelf life. A US treatment (35 kHz; 30 min) applied to seeds and a postharvest photoperiod of 14 h fluorescent light (FL) + 10 h White (W), Blue (B), Red (R) LEDs or Darkness (D) were assayed. Antioxidants as phenolics and sulfur compounds (glucosinolates and isothiocyanates) were periodically monitored over 14 days at 5 °C. The US treatment increased the sulforaphane content by ~4-fold compared to CTRL seeds and sprouts. The phenolic acids and the flavonoid biosynthesis were enhanced by ~25%, ~30%, and ~55% under photoperiods with W, B, and R, respectively, compared to darkness. The total glucosinolate content was increased by >25% (W) and >45% (B and R) compared to darkness, which also reported increases of ~2.7-fold (W), ~3.6-fold (B), and ~8-fold (R) of the sulforaphane content as a main isothiocyanate. Postharvest lighting is an interesting tool to stimulate the secondary metabolism, while a US treatment was able to increase the sulforaphane content in seeds and sprouts, although no synergistic effect was reported. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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21 pages, 6600 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota Modulatory Effects of Different Kinds of Berries
by Jiebiao Chen, Yichen Shu, Yanhong Chen, Zhiwei Ge, Changfeng Zhang, Jinping Cao, Xian Li, Yue Wang and Chongde Sun
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 1020; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11051020 - 22 May 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3485
Abstract
Berries are fairly favored by consumers. Phenolic compounds are the major phytochemicals in berries, among which anthocyanins are one of the most studied. Phenolic compounds are reported to have prebiotic-like effects. In the present study, we identified the anthocyanin profiles, evaluated and compared [...] Read more.
Berries are fairly favored by consumers. Phenolic compounds are the major phytochemicals in berries, among which anthocyanins are one of the most studied. Phenolic compounds are reported to have prebiotic-like effects. In the present study, we identified the anthocyanin profiles, evaluated and compared the antioxidant capacities and gut microbiota modulatory effects of nine common berries, namely blackberry, black goji berry, blueberry, mulberry, red Chinese bayberry, raspberry, red goji berry, strawberry and white Chinese bayberry. Anthocyanin profiles were identified by UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS. In vitro antioxidant capacity was evaluated by four chemical assays (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and ORAC). In vivo antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota modulatory effects evaluation was carried out by treating healthy mice with different berry extracts for two weeks. The results show that most berries could improve internal antioxidant status, reflected by elevated serum or colonic T-AOC, GSH, T-SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX levels, as well as decreased MDA content. All berries significantly altered the gut microbiota composition. The modulatory effects of the berries were much the same, namely by the enrichment of beneficial SCFAs-producing bacteria and the inhibition of potentially harmful bacteria. Our study shed light on the gut microbiota modulatory effect of different berries and may offer consumers useful consumption guidance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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19 pages, 3345 KiB  
Article
A Functional Orange Juice Fortified with Beetroot By-Products Attenuates Hyperlipidemia and Obesity Induced by A High-Fat Diet
by Eman M. Abdo, Omayma El-Sayed Shaltout, Salim Ali and Hanem M. M. Mansour
Antioxidants 2022, 11(3), 457; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11030457 - 25 Feb 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3051
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases and is interlinked with incidences of various diseases. By modulating lifestyle and food quality, obesity can be preventable. The present study investigated the ability of a novel functional beverage based on orange juice and [...] Read more.
Obesity is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases and is interlinked with incidences of various diseases. By modulating lifestyle and food quality, obesity can be preventable. The present study investigated the ability of a novel functional beverage based on orange juice and beetroot leaf and stem juice in preventing obesity-associated health issues. To achieve this purpose, we determined the nutritive value of juices and tested their ability to prevent the effect of a high-fat diet on a rat model. Adding leaf and stem juice to orange juice increased the total soluble solids/total titratable acidity ratio, which reflects the high acceptability of the blends, and enhanced their nutritive value. All minerals increased in the blends by increasing the leaf and stem juice percentage. Copper was detected only in the juices containing 10–20% leaf and stem juice (0.01–0.11 mg/100 g). Total flavonoids and betalain increased in the blends, reaching 142.02 µg/mL and 1680 µg/mL, respectively. The mixing process synergized the blends’ radicals scavenging activity. The synergic antioxidant effect of orange enriched with 20% leaf and stem juice attenuated the oxidative stress induced by the high-fat diet by recovering catalase and glutathione peroxidase values. It also enhanced liver enzymes and lipid profile. Consequently, enriching orange with leaf and stem juice results in a functional and nutritious beverage that protects against obesity and its associated health issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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17 pages, 1862 KiB  
Article
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruit Extract Ameliorates Inflammation via Regulating MicroRNA-21/132/143 Expression and Increases the Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Content and AMPK/SIRT Activities
by Sunyoon Jung, Mak-Soon Lee, Eugene Chang, Chong-Tai Kim and Yangha Kim
Antioxidants 2021, 10(9), 1453; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10091453 - 13 Sep 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2829
Abstract
The Mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds; most of these are anthocyanins. Obesity is intimately related to low-grade inflammation, with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and macrophage infiltration in white adipose tissue (WAT). This study investigated whether [...] Read more.
The Mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds; most of these are anthocyanins. Obesity is intimately related to low-grade inflammation, with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and macrophage infiltration in white adipose tissue (WAT). This study investigated whether mulberry fruit extract (ME) has beneficial effects on obesity-induced inflammation and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed either a low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + 5 g/kg of ME (ME-L), or HFD + 10 g/kg of ME (ME-H) for 14 weeks. ME alleviated dyslipidemia and lipid accumulation, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine production such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) in the WAT. ME mitigated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) phosphorylation and macrophage infiltration in WAT. Notably, microRNA (miR)-21, miR-132, and miR-43 expressions were downregulated in the WAT of the ME groups compared to the HFD group. Moreover, ME increased the mitochondrial size and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, as well as key genes’ expression related to mitochondrial function, including sirtuin (SIRT)1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1β (CPT-1β), and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/SIRT activities in skeletal muscle. These results suggested that ME might alleviate obesity-induced inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating miR-21, miR-132, and miR-43 expression in WAT, and by activating the PGC-1α/SIRT1 pathway in muscle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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18 pages, 1534 KiB  
Article
Glycoside Hydrolases and Non-Enzymatic Glycation Inhibitory Potential of Viburnum opulus L. Fruit—In Vitro Studies
by Dominika Kajszczak, Agnieszka Kowalska-Baron and Anna Podsędek
Antioxidants 2021, 10(6), 989; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10060989 - 21 Jun 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2421
Abstract
Phytochemicals of various origins are of great interest for their antidiabetic potential. In the present study, the inhibitory effects against carbohydrate digestive enzymes and non-enzymatic glycation, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compounds composition of Viburnum opulus L. fruits have been studied. Crude extract (CE), [...] Read more.
Phytochemicals of various origins are of great interest for their antidiabetic potential. In the present study, the inhibitory effects against carbohydrate digestive enzymes and non-enzymatic glycation, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compounds composition of Viburnum opulus L. fruits have been studied. Crude extract (CE), purified extract (PE), and ethyl acetate (PEAF) and water (PEWF) fractions of PE were used in enzymatic assays to evaluate their inhibitory potential against α-amylase with potato and rice starch as substrate, α-glucosidase using maltose and sucrose as substrate, the antioxidant capacity (ABTS, ORAC and FRAP assays), antiglycation (BSA-fructose and BSA-glucose model) properties. Among four tested samples, PEAF not only had the highest content of total phenolics, but also possessed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibition, antiglycation and antioxidant activities. UPLC analysis revealed that this fraction contained mainly chlorogenic acid, proanthocyanidin oligomers and flavalignans. Contrary, the anti-amylase activity of V. opulus fruits probably occurs due to the presence of proanthocyanidin polymers and chlorogenic acids, especially dicaffeoylquinic acids present in PEWF. All V. opulus samples have an uncompetitive and mixed type inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Considering strong anti-glucosidase, antioxidant and antiglycation activities, V. opulus fruits may find promising applications in nutraceuticals and functional foods with antidiabetic activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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15 pages, 2569 KiB  
Article
Red Cabbage Rather Than Green Cabbage Increases Stress Resistance and Extends the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans
by Nan Zhang, Shunshan Jiao and Pu Jing
Antioxidants 2021, 10(6), 930; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10060930 - 08 Jun 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4150
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that cabbages possess various biological activities, and our previous studies confirmed that cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (CY3D5G), the major core of red cabbage anthocyanins, exhibited in vitro antioxidant activity. This study further investigated the protective effects of CY3D5G derivative from red cabbage [...] Read more.
Many studies have demonstrated that cabbages possess various biological activities, and our previous studies confirmed that cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (CY3D5G), the major core of red cabbage anthocyanins, exhibited in vitro antioxidant activity. This study further investigated the protective effects of CY3D5G derivative from red cabbage juice (RCJ) on oxidative stress and lifespan in cells and Caenorhabditis elegans, green cabbage juice (GCJ) was used as control. RCJ rather than GCJ significantly improved cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase release in H2O2-induced caco-2 cells. RCJ significantly increased survival during oxidative and heat stress and mean lifespan in C. elegans by 171.63% and 31.64%, and 28.16%, respectively, while GCJ treatment showed no significant effects (p < 0.05). These results might be attributed to significantly (p < 0.05) higher contents of total phenolics, ascorbic acid, glucosinolates, and anthocyanins in RCJ compared to those in GCJ. Additionally, both of them decreased autofluorescence and reproductive capacity, increased body length, but did not alter the intracellular ROS level. Prolonged lifespan by RCJ might require heat-shock transcription factor pathway, sirtuin signaling, and calmodulin kinase II pathway, independent of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway. RCJ showed promising antioxidant properties in caco-2 cells and C. elegans, which provided more information on the health benefits of cabbage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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18 pages, 5710 KiB  
Article
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of HepG2 Cells Accompanied by Induction of the MAPK Pathway and NAG-1
by Lihua Wang, Jicheng Zhan and Weidong Huang
Antioxidants 2020, 9(12), 1200; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9121200 - 28 Nov 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2764
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common malignancies leading to death. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy have certain effects, their side effects limit their therapeutic effect. Phytochemicals have recently been given more attention as promising resources for cancer chemoprevention or chemotherapy due to [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common malignancies leading to death. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy have certain effects, their side effects limit their therapeutic effect. Phytochemicals have recently been given more attention as promising resources for cancer chemoprevention or chemotherapy due to their safety. In this study, the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) on the apoptosis, cell cycle, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway-related proteins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) expression of HepG2 cells were investigated. The results showed that GSPs inhibited the viability of HepG2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, induced apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, and regulated cell cycle-related proteins, cyclin B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, and p21. GSPs also increased reactive oxygen species production and caspase-3 activity. In addition, GSPs also increased the expression of p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38 MAPK and NAG-1, and GSPs-induced NAG-1 expression was related to the MAPK pathway-related proteins. These data suggest that GSPs may be promising phytochemicals for HCC chemoprevention or chemotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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Review

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28 pages, 1852 KiB  
Review
Sweet Potato Is Not Simply an Abundant Food Crop: A Comprehensive Review of Its Phytochemical Constituents, Biological Activities, and the Effects of Processing
by Emily P. Laveriano-Santos, Anallely López-Yerena, Carolina Jaime-Rodríguez, Johana González-Coria, Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós, Anna Vallverdú-Queralt, Joan Romanyà and Maria Pérez
Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1648; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11091648 - 25 Aug 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 8536
Abstract
Nowadays, sweet potato (Ipomoea batata L.; Lam.) is considered a very interesting nutritive food because it is rich in complex carbohydrates, but as a tubercle, contains high amounts of health-promoting secondary metabolites. The aim of this review is to summarize the most [...] Read more.
Nowadays, sweet potato (Ipomoea batata L.; Lam.) is considered a very interesting nutritive food because it is rich in complex carbohydrates, but as a tubercle, contains high amounts of health-promoting secondary metabolites. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recently published information on this root vegetable, focusing on its bioactive phytochemical constituents, potential effects on health, and the impact of processing technologies. Sweet potato is considered an excellent source of dietary carotenoids, and polysaccharides, whose health benefits include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity, cardiovascular protection, anticancer properties and improvement in neurological and memory capacity, metabolic disorders, and intestinal barrier function. Moreover, the purple sweet potato, due to its high anthocyanin content, represents a unique food option for consumers, as well as a potential source of functional ingredients for healthy food products. In this context, the effects of commercial processing and domestic cooking techniques on sweet potato bioactive compounds require further study to understand how to minimize their loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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18 pages, 1078 KiB  
Review
Dietary Polyphenol, Gut Microbiota, and Health Benefits
by Xiaofei Wang, Yue Qi and Hao Zheng
Antioxidants 2022, 11(6), 1212; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11061212 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 75 | Viewed by 9203
Abstract
Polyphenols, which are probably the most important secondary metabolites produced by plants, have attracted tremendous attention due to their health-promoting effects, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and neuro-protective activities, as well as health properties. However, due to their complicated structures and high [...] Read more.
Polyphenols, which are probably the most important secondary metabolites produced by plants, have attracted tremendous attention due to their health-promoting effects, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and neuro-protective activities, as well as health properties. However, due to their complicated structures and high molecular weights, a large proportion of dietary polyphenols remain unabsorbed along the gastrointestinal tract, while in the large intestine they are biotransformed into bioactive, low-molecular-weight phenolic metabolites through the residing gut microbiota. Dietary polyphenols can modulate the composition of intestinal microbes, and in turn, gut microbes catabolize polyphenols to release bioactive metabolites. To better investigate the health benefits of dietary polyphenols, this review provides a summary of their modulation through in vitro and in vivo evidence (animal models and humans), as well as their possible actions through intestinal barrier function and gut microbes. This review aims to provide a basis for better understanding the relationship between dietary polyphenols, gut microbiota, and host health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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26 pages, 3474 KiB  
Review
Antioxidants of Fruit Extracts as Antimicrobial Agents against Pathogenic Bacteria
by Sureeporn Suriyaprom, Pascale Mosoni, Sabine Leroy, Thida Kaewkod, Mickaël Desvaux and Yingmanee Tragoolpua
Antioxidants 2022, 11(3), 602; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11030602 - 21 Mar 2022
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 6888
Abstract
Fruit is an essential part of the human diet and is of great interest because of its richness in phytochemicals. Various fruit extracts from citrus, berries and pomegranates have been shown to possess a broad spectrum of medicinal properties. Fruit phytochemicals are of [...] Read more.
Fruit is an essential part of the human diet and is of great interest because of its richness in phytochemicals. Various fruit extracts from citrus, berries and pomegranates have been shown to possess a broad spectrum of medicinal properties. Fruit phytochemicals are of considerable interest because of their antioxidant properties involving different mechanisms of action, which can act against different pathogenic bacteria. The antioxidant capacity of fruit phytochemicals involves different kinds of reactions, such as radical scavenging and chelation or complexation of metal ions. The interaction between fruit phytochemicals and bacteria has different repercussions: it disrupts the cell envelope, disturbs cell–cell communication and gene regulation, and suppresses metabolic and enzymatic activities. Consequently, fruit phytochemicals can directly inhibit bacterial growth or act indirectly by modulating the expression of virulence factors, both of which reduce microbial pathogenicity. The aim of this review was to report our current knowledge on various fruit extracts and their major bioactive compounds, and determine the effectiveness of organic acids, terpenes, polyphenols, and other types of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties as a source of antimicrobial agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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12 pages, 686 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Review on the Role of Vitamin C in Tissue Healing
by Nada Bechara, Victoria M. Flood and Jenny E. Gunton
Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1605; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11081605 - 19 Aug 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5953
Abstract
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for humans and animals which are unable to synthesise it themselves. Vitamin C is important for tissue regeneration due to the role it plays in collagen formation, and its antioxidant properties. We reviewed the literature to evaluate [...] Read more.
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for humans and animals which are unable to synthesise it themselves. Vitamin C is important for tissue regeneration due to the role it plays in collagen formation, and its antioxidant properties. We reviewed the literature to evaluate potential associations between vitamin C supplementation and healing of an acute or chronic condition. Embase, Medline, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published prior to April 2022. Studies were eligible if they reported at least one association between vitamin C supplementation and healing outcomes. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Overall, vitamin C supplementation improved healing outcomes in certain pathologies, predominantly pressure ulcers. However, many of the studies had small sample sizes, combined nutritional treatments, and did not test baseline vitamin C. Future studies should be of larger scale, exclusively using vitamin C to determine its role in tissue healing in other wounds. We recommend consideration of vitamin C supplementation for people with pressure ulcers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
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