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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Redox Signaling in Exercise Physiology
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Redox Signaling in Exercise Physiology

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 14618

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tinna Traustadόttir

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Biological Sciences; Interim Associate Dean for Research, CEFNS, Northern Arizona University, AZ, USA
Interests: aging; redox biology; exercise; Nrf2; redox stress resilience; redox signaling
Dr. David Marcinek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Interests: Aging; mitochondrial function; chronic disease; redox stress; skeletal muscle

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a Special Issue on “Redox Signaling in Exercise Physiology”. This Issue will focus on current research on the role of redox signaling in the adaptive response to exercise as well as the role of exercise in modulating redox balance under various conditions.

In the last couple of decades there has been a shift toward efforts to understand the important role of redox signaling and away from the idea of oxidative damage in regulating health and disease. This shift is apparent in research into redox signaling in exercise physiology, where it has been known since the 1980s that acute exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species. At first glance this seems paradoxical since exercise is unarguably beneficial for health. We now recognize that redox signaling exists on a continuum and can induce both pathological and adaptive responses to cellular stressors. This has led to exciting growth in the field of exercise redox biology, including molecular tools for dissecting redox signaling and conceptual developments. However, there is still much to be learned, for an example regarding the interaction of exercise with other redox-modulating interventions including hypoxia, the role of exercise intensity in the adaptive response, and the mechanisms of redox relays within and between tissues. Finally, a better understanding of how chronic redox stress associated with disease interacts with acute redox stress associated with exercise to modulate the pathological/adaptive responses to tip the scales toward health or disease would be highly beneficial.

We invite you to submit your latest research findings or a review article to this Special Issue of Antioxidants, including studies in basic or clinical science. We also welcome studies on methodology to assess oxidative status during exercise.

We look forward to your contribution.

Dr. Tinna Traustadόttir
Dr. David Marcinek
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • redox
  • oxidative stress
  • acute exercise
  • exercise training

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1261 KiB  
Article
Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Enhances Performance and Speeds Muscle Deoxyhaemoglobin Kinetics during an End-Sprint after Prolonged Moderate-Intensity Exercise
by Samantha N. Rowland, Mariasole Da Boit, Rachel Tan, George P. Robinson, Emma O’Donnell, Lewis J. James and Stephen J. Bailey
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 25; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox12010025 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3733
Abstract
Short-term dietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation has the potential to enhance performance during submaximal endurance, and short-duration, maximal-intensity exercise. However, it has yet to be determined whether NO3− supplementation before and during submaximal endurance exercise can improve performance during [...] Read more.
Short-term dietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation has the potential to enhance performance during submaximal endurance, and short-duration, maximal-intensity exercise. However, it has yet to be determined whether NO3− supplementation before and during submaximal endurance exercise can improve performance during a short-duration, maximal-intensity end-sprint. In a randomised, double-blind, crossover study, 9 recreationally active men ingested NO3−-rich (BR: 8 mmol NO3−/day) and NO3−-depleted (PL: 0.75 mmol NO3−/day) beetroot powder for 7 days. On day 7, participants completed 2 h of moderate-intensity cycling, which immediately transitioned into a 60 s maximal-intensity end-sprint, with supplements ingested 2 h before and 1 h into the moderate-intensity exercise bout. Plasma [NO3−] and [NO2−] were higher in BR compared to PL pre- and post-exercise (p < 0.05). Post-exercise plasma [NO3−] was higher than pre-exercise (562 ± 89 µM vs. 300 ± 73 µM; p < 0.05) and plasma [NO2−] was not significantly different pre- (280 ± 58 nM) and post-exercise (228 ± 63 nM) in the BR condition (p > 0.05). Mean power output during the final 30 s of the end-sprint was greater after BR (390 ± 38 W) compared to PL (365 ± 41 W; p < 0.05). There were no differences between BR and PL in any muscle oxygenation variables during moderate-intensity cycling (p > 0.05), but muscle [deoxyhaemoglobin] kinetics was faster during the end-sprint in BR (6.5 ± 1.4 s) compared to PL (7.3 ± 1.4 s; p < 0.05). These findings suggest that NO3− supplementation has the potential to improve end-sprint performance in endurance events when ingested prior to and during exercise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Signaling in Exercise Physiology)
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14 pages, 592 KiB  
Article
Redox Status of Postmenopausal Women with Single or Multiple Cardiometabolic Diseases Has a Similar Response to Mat Pilates Training
by Ana Luiza Amaral, Jaqueline Pontes Batista, Igor Moraes Mariano, Ludimila Ferreira Gonçalves, Júlia Buiatte Tavares, Adriele Vieira de Souza, Douglas C. Caixeta, Renata R. Teixeira, Erick P. de Oliveira, Foued S. Espindola and Guilherme Morais Puga
Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1445; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11081445 - 26 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1871
Abstract
Postmenopausal women have a high prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases and that may associate with higher oxidative stress. Exercise can contribute to the treatment of such diseases, but some modalities, such as Mat Pilates, need to be further studied in terms of their physiological [...] Read more.
Postmenopausal women have a high prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases and that may associate with higher oxidative stress. Exercise can contribute to the treatment of such diseases, but some modalities, such as Mat Pilates, need to be further studied in terms of their physiological responses. Our aim was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of Mat Pilates on redox status in postmenopausal women with one or multiple comorbidities of cardiometabolic diseases. Forty-four postmenopausal women were divided into two groups: SINGLE, composed of women with one cardiometabolic disease (n = 20) and MULT, with multimorbidity (n = 24). Mat Pilates training was conducted three times a week for 12 weeks, and each session lasted 50 min. Plasma samples were collected before and after training to analyze the following redox markers: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity due to ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid, and carbonyl protein. ANCOVA showed interaction effects in FRAP (p = 0.014). Both groups had reduced levels of catalase (p = 0.240) and GSH (p = 0.309), and increased levels of carbonyl protein (p = 0.053) after intervention. In conclusion, the redox status of postmenopausal women shows no changes mediated by Mat Pilates training between SINGLE and MULT, except for greater reductions of FRAP in SINGLE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Signaling in Exercise Physiology)
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Review

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31 pages, 3825 KiB  
Review
Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants in Skeletal Muscle Fatigue Development during Exercise
by Elżbieta Supruniuk, Jan Górski and Adrian Chabowski
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 501; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox12020501 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4884
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is defined as a decrease in maximal force or power generated in response to contractile activity, and it is a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal injuries. One of the many stressors imposed on skeletal muscle through exercise is the [...] Read more.
Muscle fatigue is defined as a decrease in maximal force or power generated in response to contractile activity, and it is a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal injuries. One of the many stressors imposed on skeletal muscle through exercise is the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which intensifies as a function of exercise intensity and duration. Exposure to ROS/RNS can affect Na+/K+-ATPase activity, intramyofibrillar calcium turnover and sensitivity, and actin–myosin kinetics to reduce muscle force production. On the other hand, low ROS/RNS concentrations can likely upregulate an array of cellular adaptative responses related to mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose transport and muscle hypertrophy. Consequently, growing evidence suggests that exogenous antioxidant supplementation might hamper exercise-engendering upregulation in the signaling pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), peroxisome-proliferator activated co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Ultimately, both high (exercise-induced) and low (antioxidant intervention) ROS concentrations can trigger beneficial responses as long as they do not override the threshold range for redox balance. The mechanisms underlying the two faces of ROS/RNS in exercise, as well as the role of antioxidants in muscle fatigue, are presented in detail in this review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Signaling in Exercise Physiology)
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16 pages, 673 KiB  
Review
The Systemic Effects of Exercise on the Systemic Effects of Alzheimer’s Disease
by Dora Aczel, Bernadett Gyorgy, Peter Bakonyi, RehAn BukhAri, Ricardo Pinho, Istvan Boldogh, Gu Yaodong and Zsolt Radak
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 1028; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11051028 - 23 May 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3469
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia in the elderly. The etiology of AD is multifactorial, including an increased oxidative state, deposition of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles of the tau protein. The formation of amyloid [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia in the elderly. The etiology of AD is multifactorial, including an increased oxidative state, deposition of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles of the tau protein. The formation of amyloid plaques is considered one of the first signs of the illness, but only in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, results indicate that AD is not just localized in the brain but is also found in organs distant from the brain, such as the cardiovascular system, gut microbiome, liver, testes, and kidney. These observations make AD a complex systemic disorder. Still, no effective medications have been found, but regular physical activity has been considered to have a positive impact on this challenging disease. While several articles have been published on the benefits of physical activity on AD development in the CNS, its peripheral effects have not been discussed in detail. The provocative question arising is the following: is it possible that the beneficial effects of regular exercise on AD are due to the systemic impact of training, rather than just the effects of exercise on the brain? If so, does this mean that the level of fitness of these peripheral organs can directly or indirectly influence the incidence or progress of AD? Therefore, the present paper aims to summarize the systemic effects of both regular exercise and AD and point out how common exercise-induced adaptation via peripheral organs can decrease the incidence of AD or attenuate the progress of AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Signaling in Exercise Physiology)
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