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Dietary Selenium and Its Antioxidant Properties Related to Growth, Lipid and Energy Metabolism

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A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 29790

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Prof. Dr. María Luisa Ojeda Murillo

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Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain
Interests: oxidative stress; antioxidants; selenium; endocrinology; energy metabolism; metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance; adipose tissue
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Fátima Nogales Bueno

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Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain
Interests: oxidative stress; antioxidants; selenium; endocrinology; energy metabolism; metabolic syndrome; adipose tissue
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Dear Colleagues,

Selenium (Se) is a potent antioxidant trace element which contributes to regulate the cell cycle, the tissue development and the correct body function. Se plays its biological action by forming part from 25 selenoproteins, most of them with antioxidant properties such as Glutathione Peroxidases (GPxs) and Selenoprotein P (SelP), which are also related to endocrine regulation, appetite, growth and energy homeostasis. Strikingly, high dietary Se intake in rodents induces insulin resistance and obesity, whereas low- Se diets leads to metabolic disorders related to type 1 diabetes and catabolic process. Moreover, Se influences the metabolism of thyroid hormones by eight selenoproteins, among them deiodinase 1 (Dio1), Dio2, and Dio3, affecting the basal metabolic rate. These effects are even more important during gestation period, where tissues are developing, and could represent an important risk factor for diseases during adulthood.

We welcome papers concerning Se and selenoproteins and their relationship to oxidative stress, growth and/or lipid and energy metabolism which could leads to metabolic disorders.

Prof. María Luisa Ojeda Murillo
Dr. Fátima Nogales Bueno
Guest Editors

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Keywords

selenium
selenoproteins
antioxidants
growth
lipid metabolism
energy regulation

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 191 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Dietary Selenium and Its Antioxidant Properties Related to Growth, Lipid and Energy Metabolism

by María Luisa Ojeda and Fátima Nogales

Antioxidants 2022, 11(7), 1402; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11071402 - 19 Jul 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1496

Abstract

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element mainly known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Selenium and Its Antioxidant Properties Related to Growth, Lipid and Energy Metabolism)

Research

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22 pages, 3906 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) Immunomodulation Is More Than Redox Improvement: Serum Proteomics and Transcriptomic Analyses

by Ivan Fan Xia, Hang-Kin Kong, Margaret M. H. Wu, Yishan Lu, Ka-Hing Wong and Kevin W. H. Kwok

Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 964; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11050964 - 13 May 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2590

Abstract

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are a novel elemental form selenium and often reported to possess beneficial bioactivities such as anticancer, promoting bone growth and immunomodulation. Our previous study demonstrated that chitosan-stabilized SeNPs have strong activity in immunomodulation. However, the mechanism underlying the immunomodulation of SeNPs is still unknown. The aim of this study is to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in SeNP-induced immunomodulation. Using zebrafish, as a common immunological animal model with a highly conserved molecular mechanism with other vertebrates, we conducted serum proteomic and tissue transcriptome analyses on individuals fed with SeNP in healthy or disease conditions. We also compared differences between SeNPs and an exogenous antioxidant Trolox in immune activity and redox regulation. Our results suggest that the immunomodulation activity was highly related to antioxidant activity and lipid metabolism. Interestingly, the biological functions enhanced by SeNP were almost identical in the healthy and disease conditions. However, while the SeNP was suppressing ROS in healthy individuals, it promoted ROS formation during disease condition. This might be related to the defense mechanism against pathogens. SOD and NFkβ appeared to be the key molecular switch changing effect of SeNPs when individuals undergo infection, indicating the close relationship between immune and redox regulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Selenium and Its Antioxidant Properties Related to Growth, Lipid and Energy Metabolism)

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13 pages, 2653 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Selenium Supplementation during Puberty and Young Adulthood Mitigates Obesity-Induced Metabolic, Cellular and Epigenetic Alterations in Male Rat Physiology

by Gabriela de Freitas Laiber Pascoal, Gabriela Machado Novaes, Monique de Paula Sobrinho, André Bubna Hirayama, Inar Alves Castro and Thomas Prates Ong

Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 895; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11050895 - 30 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2149

Abstract

Selenium (Se) role in obesity is not clear. In addition, information on Se’s role in male physiology, specifically in obesity, is scarce. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of Se supplementation, specifically during puberty until young adulthood, against obesity-induced deregulation of metabolic, cellular, and epigenetic parameters in epididymal fat and/or sperm cells in a rat model. High-fat-diet consumption by male rats during puberty and young adulthood significantly increased body weight, adipocyte size, oxidative stress, deregulated expression of genes associated with inflammation (Adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-α), adipogenesis (CEBPα), estrogen biosynthesis (CYP19) and epigenetic processes in epididymal adipose tissue (Dnmt3a), as well as altered microRNA expression vital for spermatogenesis in sperm cells (miR-15b and miR-497). On the other hand, Se supplementation significantly decreased oxidative stress and mitigated these molecular/epigenetic alterations in epididymal adipose tissue or sperm cells. Our results indicate that selenium supplementation during puberty/young adulthood could improve male physiology in the context of obesity. In addition, it suggests that Se could potentially positively affect offspring health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Selenium and Its Antioxidant Properties Related to Growth, Lipid and Energy Metabolism)

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16 pages, 2653 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Obesity Hinders the Protective Effect of Selenite Supplementation on Insulin Signaling

by Robert Hauffe, Michaela Rath, Wilson Agyapong, Wenke Jonas, Heike Vogel, Tim J. Schulz, Maria Schwarz, Anna P. Kipp, Matthias Blüher and André Kleinridders

Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 862; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11050862 - 28 Apr 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2589

Abstract

The intake of high-fat diets (HFDs) containing large amounts of saturated long-chain fatty acids leads to obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. The trace element selenium, as a crucial part of antioxidative selenoproteins, can protect against the development of diet-induced insulin resistance in white adipose tissue (WAT) by increasing glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) and insulin receptor (IR) expression. Whether selenite (Se) can attenuate insulin resistance in established lipotoxic and obese conditions is unclear. We confirm that GPX3 mRNA expression in adipose tissue correlates with BMI in humans. Cultivating 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in palmitate-containing medium followed by Se treatment attenuates insulin resistance with enhanced GPx3 and IR expression and adipocyte differentiation. However, feeding obese mice a selenium-enriched high-fat diet (SRHFD) only resulted in a modest increase in overall selenoprotein gene expression in WAT in mice with unaltered body weight development, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. While Se supplementation improved adipocyte morphology, it did not alter WAT insulin sensitivity. However, mice fed a SRHFD exhibited increased insulin content in the pancreas. Overall, while selenite protects against palmitate-induced insulin resistance in vitro, obesity impedes the effect of selenite on insulin action and adipose tissue metabolism in vivo. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Selenium and Its Antioxidant Properties Related to Growth, Lipid and Energy Metabolism)

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16 pages, 1884 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Urinary and Dietary Selenium and of Serum Selenium Species with Serum Alanine Aminotransferase in a Healthy Italian Population

by Teresa Urbano, Tommaso Filippini, Daniela Lasagni, Tiziana De Luca, Peter Grill, Sabrina Sucato, Elisa Polledri, Guy Djeukeu Noumbi, Marcella Malavolti, Annalisa Santachiara, Thelma A. Pertinhez, Roberto Baricchi, Silvia Fustinoni, Bernhard Michalke and Marco Vinceti

Antioxidants 2021, 10(10), 1516; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10101516 - 24 Sep 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2390

Abstract

The trace element selenium is of considerable interest due to its toxic and nutritional properties, which markedly differ according to the dose and the chemical form. It has been shown that excess selenium intake increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and, possibly, other metabolic diseases like hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). For the latter, however, epidemiologic evidence is still limited. We carried out a cross-sectional study recruiting 137 healthy blood donors living in Northern Italy and assessed their exposure to selenium through different methods and measuring serum selenium species. We performed linear and spline regression analyses to assess the relation of selenium and its forms with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, a marker of NAFLD. Urinary selenium levels were positively and somewhat linearly correlated with ALT (beta regression coefficient (β) 0.11). Conversely, the association of dietary selenium intake with ALT was positive up to 100 µg/day and null above that amount (β 0.03). Total serum selenium was inversely associated with ALT up to 120 µg/L, and slightly positive above that amount. Concerning the different serum selenium species, ALT positively correlated with two organic forms, selenocysteine (β 0.27) and glutathione peroxidase-bound selenium (β 0.09), showed a U-shaped relation with the inorganic tetravalent form, selenite, and an inverse association with human serum albumin-bound selenium (β −0.56). Our results suggest that overall exposure to selenium, and more specifically to some of its chemical forms, is positively associated with ALT, even at levels so far generally considered to be safe. Our findings add to the evidence suggesting that low-dose selenium overexposure is associated with NAFLD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Selenium and Its Antioxidant Properties Related to Growth, Lipid and Energy Metabolism)

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17 pages, 3557 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations between Urinary and Dietary Selenium and Blood Metabolic Parameters in a Healthy Northern Italy Population

by Teresa Urbano, Tommaso Filippini, Daniela Lasagni, Tiziana De Luca, Sabrina Sucato, Elisa Polledri, Francesco Bruzziches, Marcella Malavolti, Claudia Baraldi, Annalisa Santachiara, Thelma A. Pertinhez, Roberto Baricchi, Silvia Fustinoni and Marco Vinceti

Antioxidants 2021, 10(8), 1193; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10081193 - 26 Jul 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2574

Abstract

Selenium is both an essential nutrient and a highly toxic element, depending on its dose and chemical forms. We aimed to quantify urinary selenium excretion and dietary selenium intake in 137 healthy non-smoking blood donors living in the northern Italian province of Reggio Emilia. We assessed selenium status by determining urinary selenium levels (mean 26.77 µg/L), and by estimating dietary selenium intake (mean 84.09 µg/day) using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood levels of glucose, lipids and thyroid-stimulating hormone were measured using automatized laboratory procedures. Dietary and urinary selenium were correlated (beta coefficient (β) = 0.19). Despite this, the association of the two indicators with health endpoints tended to diverge. Using linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, cotinine levels and alcohol intake, we observed a positive association between urinary selenium and blood triglyceride (β = 0.14), LDL-cholesterol (β = 0.07) and glucose levels (β = 0.08), and an inverse one with HDL-cholesterol (β = −0.12). Concerning dietary selenium, a slightly positive association could be found with glycemic levels only (β = 0.02), while a negative one emerged for other endpoints. The two selenium indicators showed conflicting and statistically highly imprecise associations with circulating TSH levels. Our findings suggest that higher selenium exposure is adversely associated with blood glucose levels and lipid profile. This is the case even at selenium exposures not exceeding tolerable upper intake levels according to current guidelines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Selenium and Its Antioxidant Properties Related to Growth, Lipid and Energy Metabolism)

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Review

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12 pages, 536 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role and Mechanisms of Selenium Supplementation on Fatty Liver-Associated Disorder

by Lin Xu, Yuanjun Lu, Ning Wang and Yibin Feng

Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 922; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11050922 - 08 May 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2861

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent chronic liver disease without effective therapy. Selenium, as an essential trace element for humans, is notable for its antioxidant properties. The previous study shows that selenium levels in NAFLD patients are lower than normal ones. Selenium supplementation can effectively alleviate metabolic disorders by relieving anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory regulation. However, the correlation between selenium and NAFLD has not been fully clarified. Herein, we review the current studies on selenium in regulating the different stages of NAFLD and summarize relevant clinical trials to highlight the potential roles of selenium in NAFLD treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Selenium and Its Antioxidant Properties Related to Growth, Lipid and Energy Metabolism)

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Graphical abstract

15 pages, 911 KiB

Open AccessReview

Role of Selenium and Vitamins E and B9 in the Alleviation of Bovine Mastitis during the Periparturient Period

by Muhammad Zahoor Khan, Yulin Ma, Jianxin Xiao, Tianyu Chen, Jiaying Ma, Shuai Liu, Yajing Wang, Adnan Khan, Gibson Maswayi Alugongo and Zhijun Cao

Antioxidants 2022, 11(4), 657; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11040657 - 29 Mar 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2903

Abstract

Mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland) commonly occurs in dairy cattle during the periparturient period (transition period), in which dairy cattle experience physiological and hormonal changes and severe negative energy balance, followed by oxidative stress. To maintain successful lactation and combat negative energy balance (NEB), excessive fat mobilization occurs, leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive fat mobilization also increases the concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) during the periparturient period. In addition, the excessive utilization of oxygen by cellular respiration in the mammary causes abnormal production of oxidative stress (OS). OS impairs the immunity and anti-inflammatory efficiency of periparturient dairy cattle, increasing their susceptibility to mastitis. To alleviate oxidative stress and subsequent mastitis, antioxidants are supplemented to dairy cattle from an external source. Extensive studies have been conducted on the supplementation of selenium (Se) and vitamins E and B9 to mitigate mastitis during the transition period in dairy cattle. Altogether, in the current review, we discuss the research development on bovine mastitis and its major causes, with special emphasis on oxidative stress during the transition period. Moreover, we discuss the antioxidant, immunoregulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties of Se and vitamins E and B9 and their role in the control of bovine mastitis in periparturient dairy cattle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Selenium and Its Antioxidant Properties Related to Growth, Lipid and Energy Metabolism)

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31 pages, 3933 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Selenoprotein Tissue Homeostasis in MetS Programming: Energy Balance and Cardiometabolic Implications

by María Luisa Ojeda, Olimpia Carreras and Fátima Nogales

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 394; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11020394 - 15 Feb 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3341

Abstract

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element mainly known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, as it is part of the catalytic center of 25 different selenoproteins. Some of them are related to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) generation, modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the energetic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); they can also regulate the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-kB), leading to changes in inflammation production. Selenoproteins are also necessary for the correct synthesis of insulin and thyroid hormones. They are also involved in endocrine central regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis, affecting growth and development. MetS, a complex metabolic disorder, can appear during gestation and lactation in mothers, leading to energetic and metabolic changes in their offspring that, according to the metabolic programming theory, will produce cardiovascular and metabolic diseases later in life. However, there is a gap concerning Se tissue levels and selenoproteins’ implications in MetS generation, which is even greater during MetS programming. This narrative review also provides an overview of the existing evidence, based on experimental research from our laboratory, which strengthens the fact that maternal MetS leads to changes in Se tissue deposits and antioxidant selenoproteins’ expression in their offspring. These changes contribute to alterations in tissues’ oxidative damage, inflammation, energy balance, and tissue function, mainly in the heart. Se imbalance also could modulate appetite and endocrine energy balance, affecting pups’ growth and development. MetS pups present a profile similar to that of diabetes type 1, which also appeared when dams were exposed to low-Se dietary supply. Maternal Se supplementation should be taken into account if, during gestation and/or lactation periods, there are suspicions of endocrine energy imbalance in the offspring, such as MetS. It could be an interesting therapy to induce heart reprogramming. However, more studies are necessary. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Selenium and Its Antioxidant Properties Related to Growth, Lipid and Energy Metabolism)

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15 pages, 314 KiB

Open AccessReview

Selenium Nanoparticles as a Natural Antioxidant and Metabolic Regulator in Aquaculture: A Review

by Mahmoud A. O. Dawood, Mohammed F. El Basuini, Sevdan Yilmaz, Hany M. R. Abdel-Latif, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari, Mohammad Khairul Azhar Abdul Razab, Hamada A. Ahmed, Mahmoud Alagawany and Mahmoud S. Gewaily

Antioxidants 2021, 10(9), 1364; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10091364 - 27 Aug 2021

Cited by 68 | Viewed by 5428

Abstract

Balanced aquafeed is the key factor for enhancing the productivity of aquatic animals. In this context, aquatic animals require optimal amounts of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. The original plant and animals’ ingredients in the basal diets are insufficient to provide aquafeed with suitable amounts of minerals. Concurrently, elements should be incorporated in aquafeed in optimal doses, which differ based on the basal diets’ species, age, size, and composition. Selenium is one of the essential trace elements involved in various metabolic, biological, and physiological functions. Se acts as a precursor for antioxidative enzyme synthesis leading to high total antioxidative capacity. Further, Se can enhance the immune response and the tolerance of aquatic animals to infectious diseases. Several metabolic mechanisms, such as thyroid hormone production, cytokine formation, fecundity, and DNA synthesis, require sufficient Se addition. The recent progress in the nanotechnology industry is also applied in the production of Se nanoparticles. Indeed, Se nanoparticles are elaborated as more soluble and bioavailable than the organic and non-organic forms. In aquaculture, multiple investigations have elaborated the role of Se nanoparticles on the performances and wellbeing of aquatic animals. In this review, the outputs of recent studies associated with the role of Se nanoparticles on aquatic animals’ performances were simplified and presented for more research and development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Selenium and Its Antioxidant Properties Related to Growth, Lipid and Energy Metabolism)

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