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Antioxidants
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Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products
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Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 72203

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jose M. Prieto

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Guest Editor
1. School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
2. Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
Interests: elucidating the effects of medicinal plants; natural products on skin conditions; herb-drug interactions; advanced techniques to the analysis and biological effects of complex natural products
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Guillermo R. Schinella

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Co-Guest Editor
1. Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
2. Institute of Health Sciences, Arturo Jauretche National University-CICPBA, Florencio Varela, Argentina
Interests: pharmacology of antioxidant; anti-inflammatory; antidiabetes; cardioprotective natural products

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For several years, it has been clear that inflammation and cancer are intimately interlinked, and that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a fundamental role in the origin and maintenance of both conditions. Tumor-induced inflammation is widely recognized as a characteristic hallmark of cancer and it actively contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. 

While our understanding of the role of ROS in both inflammation and cancer has matured significantly, it is still uncertain how to harness antioxidants as a valid therapeutic approach: at moderate concentration, ROS activates the cancer cell survival signaling cascade while, at high concentrations, ROS can cause cancer cell apoptosis.  To complicate matters further, many of the reports on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of antioxidants are regarded as pseudoscience due to an abuse of irrelevant in vitro models at non-physiological concentrations. Despite this complex situation, we strongly believe that the modulation of ROS levels has clinical potential.

Therefore, this Special Issue of Antioxidants (MDPI) will highlight the profound links between ROS-mediated specific and unspecific oxidative processes, inflammation, and cancer. We welcome submissions that contribute to this area of research in any fashion although we encourage bench-to-bedside approaches with either synthetic or natural products.

Dr. Jose M. Prieto
Dr. Guillermo R. Schinella
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Free radicals
  • Lipid oxidation
  • Cancer
  • Inflammation
  • Antioxidants

Published Papers (21 papers)

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12 pages, 1669 KiB  
Article
The Protective Effect of Sericin on AML12 Cells Exposed to Oxidative Stress Damage in a High-Glucose Environment
by Feng-Ya Jing, Yu-Jie Weng and Yu-Qing Zhang
Antioxidants 2022, 11(4), 712; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11040712 - 05 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2017
Abstract
Two types of sericin peptides with high molecular weight (HS) and low molecular weight (LS) were obtained by the green water boiling ultrasonic method and the Ca(OH)2 ultrasonic method, respectively. In this experiment, a high-glucose medium was used to simulate a high-glucose [...] Read more.
Two types of sericin peptides with high molecular weight (HS) and low molecular weight (LS) were obtained by the green water boiling ultrasonic method and the Ca(OH)2 ultrasonic method, respectively. In this experiment, a high-glucose medium was used to simulate a high-glucose environment in the body, and appropriate concentrations of normal alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) hepatocytes were exposed to a series of concentrations of HS and LS. The effects of the two sericin peptides on AML12 cells in a high-glucose environment were investigated in detail in terms of oxidative stress and inflammatory factor expression in cells. HS and LS-groups reduced the levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and the latter significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in AML12 cells. Additionally, it significantly reduced the oxidative stress damage caused by the high-glucose environment compared with normal AML12 cells. These results indicate that sericin may be an antioxidant recovered from industrial waste, and has potential and for use in the reduction of environmental pollution and the development of functional foods with antioxidation and antihyperglycemic effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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17 pages, 4529 KiB  
Article
Isatin Counteracts Diethylnitrosamine/2-Acetylaminofluorene-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Male Wistar Rats by Upregulating Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Detoxification Pathways
by Nagwa G. Tawfik, Wafaa R. Mohamed, Hanan S. Mahmoud, Mohammed A. Alqarni, Ibrahim A. Naguib, Alzhraa M. Fahmy and Osama M. Ahmed
Antioxidants 2022, 11(4), 699; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11040699 - 01 Apr 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2746
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents around 85% of all known types of liver cancers and is estimated to be the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The current study assessed the preventive efficacy of isatin on diethylnitrosamine (DENA)/2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents around 85% of all known types of liver cancers and is estimated to be the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The current study assessed the preventive efficacy of isatin on diethylnitrosamine (DENA)/2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistar rats and investigated the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. HCC was initiated by intraperitoneal injection of DENA (150 mg/kg/week) for two weeks, followed by oral 2-AAF (20 mg/kg) every other day for three successive weeks. Oral isatin or vehicle (control) was administered at 25 mg/kg for 20 weeks during and following HCC induction. Isatin ameliorated the deleterious effects of DENA/2-AAF on liver function as evidenced by reduced serum levels of AST, ALT, total bilirubin, albumin, and liver tumor biomarkers (CA19.9 and AFP) compared to control DENA/2-AAF-treated rats. Histopathological evaluations demonstrated that isatin-mediated protection against hepatocarcinogenesis was accompanied by a decline in hepatic lipid peroxidation, a marker of oxidative stress, and enhanced antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase expression. Isatin treatment also upregulated expression of the major stress-response transcription factor Nrf2 and the detoxifying enzymes NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase and glutathione-S-transferase alpha 2 and downregulated expression of the proliferation marker Ki67. Moreover, isatin significantly reduced the DENA/2-AAF-induced decrease in hepatic expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and the DENA/2-AAF-induced increases in pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic factors (TNF-α, NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, p53, and caspase 3). Thus, it can be concluded that isatin may protect against chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis by enhancing cellular antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification mechanisms, in part through upregulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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15 pages, 2333 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Monosubstituted Xestoquinone Analogues from the Marine Sponge Neopetrosia compacta
by Shalice R. Susana and Lilibeth A. Salvador-Reyes
Antioxidants 2022, 11(4), 607; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11040607 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2225
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is recognized as a contributor to multiple chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and autoimmune disorders. Here, a natural products-initiated discovery of anti-inflammatory agents from marine sponges was undertaken. From the screening of 231 crude extracts, a total of 30 extracts [...] Read more.
Chronic inflammation is recognized as a contributor to multiple chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and autoimmune disorders. Here, a natural products-initiated discovery of anti-inflammatory agents from marine sponges was undertaken. From the screening of 231 crude extracts, a total of 30 extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity with no direct cytotoxic effects at 50 μg/mL on RAW 264.7 (ATCC®TIB-71™) murine macrophage cells stimulated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bioactivity-guided purification of the anti-inflammatory extract from the sponge Neopetrosia compacta led to the isolation of xestoquinone (1), adociaquinone B (2), adociaquinone A (3), 14-hydroxymethylxestoquinone (4), 15-hydroxymethylxestoquinone (5), and an inseparable 2:1 mixture of 14-methoxyxestoquinone and 15-methoxyxestoquinone (6). Compounds 1–6 caused a concentration-dependent reduction of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, with 4–6 having low micromolar IC50 and acceptable selectivity index. Gene expression analysis using qRT-PCR showed that 1, 5, and 6 downregulated Il1b and Nos2 expression by 2.1- to 14.8-fold relative to the solvent control at 10 μM. Xestoquinone (1) and monosubstituted analogues (4–6), but not the disubstituted adociaquinones (2 and 3), caused Nrf2 activation in a luciferase reporter MCF7 stable cells. Compounds 5 and 6 caused a modest increase in Nqo1 gene expression at 10 μM. The anti-inflammatory activity of xestoquinone (1) and monosubstituted analogues (4–6) may, in part, be mediated by Nrf2 activation, leading to attenuation of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β and NOS2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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21 pages, 4508 KiB  
Article
Artemisia gmelinii Attenuates Lung Inflammation by Suppressing the NF-κB/MAPK Pathway
by Seung Yong Kim, Dong-Uk Shin, Ji-Eun Eom, Sun Young Jung, Hyeon-Ji Song, Kyung min Lim, Gun-Dong Kim, Soon-Il Yun, Mi-Yeon Kim, Hee Soon Shin and So-Young Lee
Antioxidants 2022, 11(3), 568; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11030568 - 16 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4201
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and continuous CS exposure causes lung inflammation and deterioration. To investigate the protective effects of Artemisia gmelinii against lung inflammation in this study, cigarette smoke extract (CSE)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated alveolar macrophages [...] Read more.
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and continuous CS exposure causes lung inflammation and deterioration. To investigate the protective effects of Artemisia gmelinii against lung inflammation in this study, cigarette smoke extract (CSE)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated alveolar macrophages (AMs) and mice stimulated with CSE/porcine pancreas elastase (PPE) were used. Artemisia gmelinii ethanol extract (AGE) was effective in decreasing the levels of cytokines, chemokine, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway in AMs. Additionally, oral administration of AGE suppressed inflammatory cells’ infiltration and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, matrix metallopeptidase 9, and neutrophil extracellular traps in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the COPD model. Moreover, the obstruction of small airways, the destruction of the lung parenchyma, and expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-2 were suppressed by inhibiting NF-κB activation in the lung tissues of the AGE group. These effects are associated with scopolin, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, which are the main components of AGE. These data demonstrate the mitigation effect of AGE on lung inflammation via inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB pathways, suggesting that AGE may be instrumental in improving respiratory and lung health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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11 pages, 936 KiB  
Article
Anticancer and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Constituents Isolated from the Roots of Wasabia japonica
by Jong Eel Park, Tae Hyun Lee, Song Lim Ham, Lalita Subedi, Seong Min Hong, Sun Yeou Kim, Sang Un Choi, Chung Sub Kim and Kang Ro Lee
Antioxidants 2022, 11(3), 482; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11030482 - 28 Feb 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3040
Abstract
Wasabi (Wasabia japonica (Miq.) Matsum.) is a pungent spice commonly consumed with sushi and sashimi. From the roots of this plant, a new 2-butenolide derivative (1) and 17 previously reported compounds (2–18) were isolated and structurally [...] Read more.
Wasabi (Wasabia japonica (Miq.) Matsum.) is a pungent spice commonly consumed with sushi and sashimi. From the roots of this plant, a new 2-butenolide derivative (1) and 17 previously reported compounds (2–18) were isolated and structurally characterized. Their chemical structures were characterized based on the conventional NMR (1H and 13C, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) and HRESIMS data analysis. All of these phytochemicals (1–18) were evaluated for their antiproliferative effects on the four human tumor cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and MKN-1), for their inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia cells, and for their nerve growth factor (NGF)-releasing effect from C6 glioma cells. Among the isolated compounds, compound 15 showed powerful antiproliferative activities against A549 and SK-MEL-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 2.10 and 9.08 μM, respectively. Moreover, the new compound 1 exhibited moderate NO inhibition activity with IC50 value of 45.3 μM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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18 pages, 1357 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Antioxidant Phytochemicals and Anti-Inflammatory Effect from Vitex rotundifolia L.f
by DucDat Le, Sanghee Han, Jeongjun Ahn, Jayeon Yu, Chang-Kwon Kim and Mina Lee
Antioxidants 2022, 11(3), 454; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11030454 - 24 Feb 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2205
Abstract
An extraction method using 80% EtOH was selected and applied to obtain the total extracts from leaves, flowers, fruits, twigs, and roots of Vitex rotundifolia L.f. based on the antioxidant activity-guided experiments. Subsequently, total extract from each part of V. rotundifolia was [...] Read more.
An extraction method using 80% EtOH was selected and applied to obtain the total extracts from leaves, flowers, fruits, twigs, and roots of Vitex rotundifolia L.f. based on the antioxidant activity-guided experiments. Subsequently, total extract from each part of V. rotundifolia was successfully partitioned into fractions, which were evaluated for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties via DPPH, ABTS, and NO assays, respectively. Among them, EtOAc (E) and n-butanol (B) fractions showed the potent antioxidant activity and the methylene chloride (MC) fractions of roots, leaves, and fruits that exhibited strong scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals. In the anti-inflammatory assay, n-hexane (H) and MC fractions of leaves potently inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, followed by E fractions derived from fruits, flowers, twigs, and roots, along with B fractions from flowers and twigs. Additionally, a comprehensive HPLC-decoupled MS profiling was established and validated using seven isolated marker compounds (1–7), which were identified by analysis of their UV, NMR, and MS data. The established method was also applied for quantification of these marker compounds in each organ collected from different locations, and to assess their antioxidant capacity by a screening DPPH-HPLC method. Principal component analysis suggested the botanical organs from this plant correlated with the marker compound contents in association with bioactivity. The study results are a prelude to further studies involving the active fractions and provide a comprehensive insight into the functional products of this plant against oxidative diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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13 pages, 2151 KiB  
Article
Cynanchi atrati and Its Phenolic Constituent Sinapic Acid Target Regulator of Calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) to Control Skin Inflammation
by Seon Sook Kim, Nam Kyoung Kim and Su Ryeon Seo
Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 205; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11020205 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2723
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder, and numerous pharmacological approaches are employed to reduce symptoms. Natural products of plant-derived materials have been accepted as complementary therapy for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory diseases. Cynanchi atrati (CA) is [...] Read more.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder, and numerous pharmacological approaches are employed to reduce symptoms. Natural products of plant-derived materials have been accepted as complementary therapy for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory diseases. Cynanchi atrati (CA) is an oriental medicinal herb used in the treatment of acute urinary infection, febrile diseases, and laryngopharyngitis. However, the role of CA root extract in skin inflammation such as AD has not been explored yet. In this study, we examined the possible effect of CA root extract on skin inflammation and evaluated the underlying signaling mechanism using in vitro and in vivo modeling systems. Raw264.7 macrophages were used for in vitro experiments, and an oxazolone-induced AD mouse model was used to evaluate in vivo effects. CA extract significantly inhibited the expression levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW264.7 macrophages. The CA root extract mediated suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and was associated with the decreased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene transcriptional activation. Moreover, CA root extract attenuated the in vivo expression of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ear swelling in the AD mouse models. We also observed that the inhibitory effect of CA root extract on skin inflammation was accompanied by the upregulation of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) expression, which functions in the inflammatory pathways by suppressing NF-κB signaling. We consistently observed that the immunosuppressive effect of CA root extract in AD was significantly perturbed in the RCAN1 knockout mice. In addition, we isolated a phenolic acid compound, sinapic acid (SA), from the CA root extract and found that SA consistently exerted an immunosuppressive effect in RAW264.7 macrophages by inducing RCAN1 expression. Our results provide the first evidence that CA root extract and its phenolic acid constituent, SA, modulate NF-κB signaling pathways by inducing RCAN1 expression in the skin inflammation process. Thus, we suggest that CA root extract has a therapeutic value for the treatment of AD by targeting endogenous immune regulators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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15 pages, 3202 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of (9Z,11E)-13-Oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic Acid (13-KODE) Derived from Salicornia herbacea L. on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Murine Macrophage via NF-kB and MAPK Inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Activation
by Yu-Chan Ko, Hack Sun Choi, Su-Lim Kim, Bong-Sik Yun and Dong-Sun Lee
Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 180; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11020180 - 18 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2679
Abstract
Glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) is a halophyte that exhibits antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. Only a few studies have been conducted on its antioxidant effects. Here, we isolated an antioxidant using an activity-based purification method, and the resulting compound was identified as (9Z,11E)-13-Oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic [...] Read more.
Glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) is a halophyte that exhibits antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. Only a few studies have been conducted on its antioxidant effects. Here, we isolated an antioxidant using an activity-based purification method, and the resulting compound was identified as (9Z,11E)-13-Oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid (13-KODE). We investigated its ability to suppress inflammatory responses and the molecular mechanisms underlying these abilities using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. We studied the anti-inflammatory effects of 13-KODE derived from S. herbacea L on RAW 264.7 macrophages. 13-KODE inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production by suppressing inducible NO synthase and suppressed LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1β expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. LPS-mediated nuclear localization of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation were inhibited by 13-KODE. 13-KODE significantly reduced LPS-induced production of reactive oxygen species and increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 like 2 (Nfe2I2) and heme oxygenase 1. Overall, our results indicate that 13-KODE may have potential for treating inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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21 pages, 6505 KiB  
Article
Essential Oils from Zingiber striolatum Diels Attenuate Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress through Regulation of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways
by Zebin Huang, Lingna Xie, Yongyu Xu, Kai Zhao, Xuetong Li, Jiaben Zhong, Yujing Lu, Xuetao Xu, Susan Goodin, Kun Zhang, Lanyue Zhang, Chunlian Li and Xi Zheng
Antioxidants 2021, 10(12), 2019; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10122019 - 19 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3627
Abstract
Zingiber striolatum Diels (Z. striolatum), a widely popular vegetable in China, is famous for its medicinal and nutritional values. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil from Z. striolatum (EOZS) remain unclear. In this study, EOZS from seven regions in China [...] Read more.
Zingiber striolatum Diels (Z. striolatum), a widely popular vegetable in China, is famous for its medicinal and nutritional values. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil from Z. striolatum (EOZS) remain unclear. In this study, EOZS from seven regions in China were extracted and analyzed by GC–MS. LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated mice were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of EOZS. Results show that 116 compounds were identified in EOZS from seven locations. Samples 2, 4 and 5 showed the best capability on DPPH radical scavenging and NO inhibition. They also significantly reduced the production of ROS, pro-inflammatory cytokines, macrophage morphological changes, migration and phagocytic capability. Transcriptomics revealed MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways may be involved in the anti-inflammatory mechanism, and the predictions were proven by Western blotting. In TPA-induced mice, EOZS reduced the degree of ear swelling and local immune cell infiltration by blocking the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which was consistent with the in vitro experimental results. Our research unveils the antioxidant capability and potential molecular mechanism of EOZS in regulating inflammatory response, and suggests the application of EOZS as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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14 pages, 2343 KiB  
Article
The Herbal Formula JI017 Induces ER Stress via Nox4 in Breast Cancer Cells
by Tae Woo Kim and Seong-Gyu Ko
Antioxidants 2021, 10(12), 1881; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10121881 - 25 Nov 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2299
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a powerful anti-tumor therapeutic strategy; however, resistance to treatment remains a serious concern. To overcome chemoresistance, combination therapy with anticancer drugs is a potential strategy. We developed a novel herbal extract, JI017, with lower toxicity and lesser side effects. JI017 induced [...] Read more.
Chemotherapy is a powerful anti-tumor therapeutic strategy; however, resistance to treatment remains a serious concern. To overcome chemoresistance, combination therapy with anticancer drugs is a potential strategy. We developed a novel herbal extract, JI017, with lower toxicity and lesser side effects. JI017 induced programmed cell death and excessive unfolded protein response through the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium in breast cancer cells. JI017 treatment increased the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, including p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP, via the activation of both exosomal GRP78 and cell lysate GRP78. The ROS inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium and N-acetyl cysteine suppressed apoptosis and excessive ER stress by inhibiting Nox4 in JI017-treated breast cancer cells. Furthermore, in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7R and MDA-MB-231R, a combination of JI017 and paclitaxel overcame paclitaxel resistance by blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes, such as the downregulation of E-cadherin expression and the upregulation of HIF-1α, vimentin, Snail, and Slug expression. These findings suggested that JI017 exerts a powerful anti-cancer effect in breast cancer and a combination therapy of JI017 and paclitaxel may be a potential cancer therapy for paclitaxel resistant breast cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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18 pages, 3541 KiB  
Article
Protective Effect of Polymethoxyflavones Isolated from Kaempferia parviflora against TNF-α-Induced Human Dermal Fibroblast Damage
by Hung Manh Phung, Sullim Lee, Sukyung Hong, Sojung Lee, Kiwon Jung and Ki Sung Kang
Antioxidants 2021, 10(10), 1609; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10101609 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4284
Abstract
Similar to other organs, the skin undergoes a natural aging process. Moreover, constant direct exposure to environmental stresses, including ultraviolet irradiation, causes the signs of skin aging to appear rather early. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory responses accelerate skin damage in extrinsic [...] Read more.
Similar to other organs, the skin undergoes a natural aging process. Moreover, constant direct exposure to environmental stresses, including ultraviolet irradiation, causes the signs of skin aging to appear rather early. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory responses accelerate skin damage in extrinsic aging. In this study, we aimed to investigate the skin protective effects of polymethoxyflavones found in Kaempferia parviflora against oxidative stress and inflammation-induced damage in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The experimental data identified 5,7,4′ trimethoxyflavone (TMF) as the most potent constituent in preventing TNF-α-induced HDF damage among the tested compounds and it was not only effective in inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production but also in stimulating collagen, type I, and alpha 1 (COLIA1) expression. TMF suppressed TNF-α-stimulated generation of ROS and pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in HDFs. TMF also inhibited the pathways regulating fibroblast damage, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In conclusion, TMF may be a potential agent for preventing skin aging and other dermatological disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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15 pages, 5248 KiB  
Article
Burmannic Acid Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Oxidative Stress Response of Oral Cancer Cells
by Su-Ling Liu, Kun-Han Yang, Che-Wei Yang, Min-Yu Lee, Ya-Ting Chuang, Yan-Ning Chen, Fang-Rong Chang, Chung-Yi Chen and Hsueh-Wei Chang
Antioxidants 2021, 10(10), 1588; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10101588 - 10 Oct 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1860
Abstract
Burmannic acid (BURA) is a new apocarotenoid bioactive compound derived from Indonesian cinnamon; however, its anticancer effect has rarely been investigated in oral cancer cells. In this investigation, the consequences of the antiproliferation of oral cancer cells effected by BURA were evaluated. BURA [...] Read more.
Burmannic acid (BURA) is a new apocarotenoid bioactive compound derived from Indonesian cinnamon; however, its anticancer effect has rarely been investigated in oral cancer cells. In this investigation, the consequences of the antiproliferation of oral cancer cells effected by BURA were evaluated. BURA selectively suppressed cell proliferation of oral cancer cells (Ca9-22 and CAL 27) but showed little cytotoxicity to normal oral cells (HGF-1). In terms of mechanism, BURA perturbed cell cycle distribution, upregulated mitochondrial superoxide, induced mitochondrial depolarization, triggered γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine DNA damage, and induced apoptosis and caspase 3/8/9 activation in oral cancer cells. Application of N-acetylcysteine confirmed oxidative stress as the critical factor in promoting antiproliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage in oral cancer cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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16 pages, 2730 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines of the Extracts from Novel Xylaria Species Associated with Termite Nests and LC-MS Analysis
by Niwana Wangsawat, Lutfun Nahar, Satyajit D. Sarker, Cherdchai Phosri, Andrew R. Evans, Anthony J. S. Whalley, Kiattawee Choowongkomon and Nuttika Suwannasai
Antioxidants 2021, 10(10), 1557; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10101557 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3829
Abstract
Xylaria species associated with termite nests or soil have been considered rare species in nature and the few which have been reported upon have been found to act as a rich source of bioactive metabolites. This study evaluated 10 ethyl acetate extracts of [...] Read more.
Xylaria species associated with termite nests or soil have been considered rare species in nature and the few which have been reported upon have been found to act as a rich source of bioactive metabolites. This study evaluated 10 ethyl acetate extracts of five new Xylaria species associated with termite nests or soil for their antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity against different cancer and normal cell lines. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the extracts demonstrated strong capacity with low IC50 values. The highest observed activities belonged to X. vinacea SWUF18-2.3 having IC50 values of 0.194 ± 0.031 mg/mL for DPPH assay and 0.020 ± 0.004 mg/mL for ABTS assay. Total phenolic content ranged from 0.826 ± 0.123 to 3.629 ± 0.381 g GAE/g crude extract which correlated with antioxidant activities. The high total phenolic content could contribute to the high antioxidant activities. Cytotoxicity was recorded against A549, HepG2, HeLa and PNT2 and resulted in broad spectrum to specific activity depending on the cell lines. The highest activities were observed with X. subintraflava SWUF16-11.1 which resulted in 11.15 ± 0.32 to 13.17 ± 2.37% cell viability at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Moreover, LC-MS fingerprints indicated over 61 peaks from all isolates. There were 18 identified and 43 unidentified compounds compared to mass databases. The identified compounds were from various groups of diterpenoids, diterpenes, cytochalasin, flavones, flavonoids, polyphenols, steroids and derivatives, triterpenoids and tropones. These results indicate that Xylaria spp. has abundant secondary metabolites that could be further explored for their therapeutic properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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18 pages, 3191 KiB  
Article
Lysimachiae Herba Inhibits Inflammatory Reactions and Improves Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-Induced Hepatic Injury
by Yun Hee Jeong, Tae In Kim, You-Chang Oh and Jin Yeul Ma
Antioxidants 2021, 10(9), 1387; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10091387 - 30 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2729
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of Lysimachiae Herba ethanolic extract (LHE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and in a LPS/D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced acute hepatitis mouse model. Then, the production of inflammatory mediators and the activation of related pathways in macrophages [...] Read more.
This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of Lysimachiae Herba ethanolic extract (LHE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and in a LPS/D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced acute hepatitis mouse model. Then, the production of inflammatory mediators and the activation of related pathways in macrophages were explored. Finally, we assessed the serum aminotransferase levels and the expression of inflammatory/antioxidant molecules in liver tissues in mice. Results revealed that LHE treatment significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Molecular data showed that LHE remarkably increased the activities of the antioxidant pathway and inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase as well as the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB induced by LPS. Furthermore, it prevented acute liver damage caused by LPS/D-GalN-induced hepatitis by inhibiting aminotransferase levels and histopathological changes in mice. Moreover, treatment with LHE significantly inhibited the activation of inflammatory pathways and increased the expression of antioxidant molecules including heme oxygenase-1/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. In conclusion, LHE has potent anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects in LPS-stimulated macrophages and the LPS/D-GalN-induced acute hepatitis mouse model. Thus, it can be a treatment option for inflammation, hepatitis, and liver injury. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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21 pages, 3782 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Activity of Extracts from Some Commercial Apple Cultivars in Two Colorectal and Glioblastoma Human Cell Lines
by Aurita Butkeviciute, Vilma Petrikaite, Vidmante Jurgaityte, Mindaugas Liaudanskas and Valdimaras Janulis
Antioxidants 2021, 10(7), 1098; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10071098 - 08 Jul 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3884
Abstract
Cancer initiation and development are closely related to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate apple extracts and individual tritepenes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. Dry extracts of apple were analyzed by HPLC-PDA. A hyaluronidase inhibition assay [...] Read more.
Cancer initiation and development are closely related to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate apple extracts and individual tritepenes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. Dry extracts of apple were analyzed by HPLC-PDA. A hyaluronidase inhibition assay was selected to determine the anti-inflammatory effect. Cytotoxic activities against human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) and human glioblastoma cell line (U-87) were determined using MTT, cell colony formation, and spheroid growth assays. Radical scavenging and reducing activities were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays, respectively. The apple extracts inhibited hyaluronidase from 26.38 ± 4.4% to 35.05 ± 3.8%. The AAW extract possessed the strongest cytotoxic activity (EC50 varied from 113.3 ± 11.11 µg/mL to 119.7 ± 4.0 µg/mL). The AEW extract had four and five times stronger antiradical activity when determined by ABTS and DPPH, and two and eight times stronger reducing activity when evaluated by CUPRAC and FRAP, respectively. Understanding the mechanisms of apple extracts and individual triterpenes as hyaluronidase inhibitors and antioxidants related in cancer development may be a benefit to future study in vivo, as well as cancer prognosis or the development of new, innovative food supplements, which could be used for chronic disease prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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16 pages, 4122 KiB  
Article
Eupatilin Impacts on the Progression of Colon Cancer by Mitochondria Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress
by Minkyeong Lee, Changwon Yang, Gwonhwa Song and Whasun Lim
Antioxidants 2021, 10(6), 957; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10060957 - 15 Jun 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2942
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancer types. Some colon cancer cases resist standard anticancer drugs. Therefore, many studies have focused on developing therapeutic supplements using natural products with low side effects and broad physiological activity. Eupatilin is a flavonoid [...] Read more.
Colon cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancer types. Some colon cancer cases resist standard anticancer drugs. Therefore, many studies have focused on developing therapeutic supplements using natural products with low side effects and broad physiological activity. Eupatilin is a flavonoid that is mainly extracted from artemisia and promotes apoptosis in numerous cancer types. However, since the current understanding of its physiological mechanisms on colon cancer cells is insufficient, we investigated how eupatilin affects the growth of two colon cancer cell lines, namely HCT116 and HT29. Our results showed that eupatilin inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis accompanied by mitochondrial depolarization. It also induces oxidative stress in colon cancer cells and regulates the expression of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagic process. Moreover, eupatilin may target the PI3K/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in colon cancer cells. It also prevents colon cancer cell invasion. Furthermore, eupatilin has a synergistic effect with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; a standard anticancer drug) on 5-FU-resistant HCT116 cells. These results suggest that eupatilin can be developed as an adjuvant to enhance traditional anticancer drugs in colon cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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Review

Jump to: Research

30 pages, 4540 KiB  
Review
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Chinese Herbal Medicines: Links between Traditional Characters and the Skin Lipoperoxidation “Western” Model
by Jose M. Prieto and Guillermo R. Schinella
Antioxidants 2022, 11(4), 611; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11040611 - 23 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4380
Abstract
The relationship between lipid peroxidation and inflammation has been accepted as a paradigm in the field of topical inflammation. The underlying biochemical mechanisms may be summarised as unspecific oxidative damage followed by specific oxidative processes as the physio pathological response in skin tissues. [...] Read more.
The relationship between lipid peroxidation and inflammation has been accepted as a paradigm in the field of topical inflammation. The underlying biochemical mechanisms may be summarised as unspecific oxidative damage followed by specific oxidative processes as the physio pathological response in skin tissues. In this experimental review we hypothesise that the characteristics attributed by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to herbal drugs can be linked to their biomolecular activities within the framework of the above paradigm. To this end, we review and collect experimental data from several TCM herbal drugs to create 2D-3D pharmacological and biochemical spaces that are further reduced to a bidimensional combined space. When multivariate analysis is applied to the latter, it unveils a series of links between TCM herbal characters and the skin lipoperoxidation “Western” model. With the help of these patterns and a focused review on their chemical, pharmacological and antioxidant properties we show that cleansing herbs of bitter and cold nature acting through removal of toxins—including P. amurense, Coptis chinensis, S. baicalensis and F. suspensa—are highly correlated with strong inhibition of both lipid peroxidation and eicosanoids production. Sweet drugs—such as A. membranaceus, A. sinensis and P. cocos—act through a specific inhibition of the eicosanoids production. The therapeutic value of the remaining drugs—with low antioxidant or anti-inflammatory activity—seems to be based on their actions on the Qi with the exception of furanocoumarin containing herbs—A. dahurica and A. pubescens—which “expel wind”. A further observation from our results is that the drugs present in the highly active “Cleansing herbs” cluster are commonly used and may be interchangeable. Our work may pave the way to a translation between two medical systems with radically different philosophies and help the prioritisation of active ingredients with specific biomolecular activities of interest for the treatment of skin conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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21 pages, 3174 KiB  
Review
Resveratrol Targets a Variety of Oncogenic and Oncosuppressive Signaling for Ovarian Cancer Prevention and Treatment
by Xue-Ling Xu, Shou-Long Deng, Zheng-Xing Lian and Kun Yu
Antioxidants 2021, 10(11), 1718; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10111718 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2523
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease and is also the major cause of death among women from gynecologic malignancies. A combination of surgery and chemotherapy is the major therapy for ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, despite good response rates to initial surgery and chemotherapy, most [...] Read more.
Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease and is also the major cause of death among women from gynecologic malignancies. A combination of surgery and chemotherapy is the major therapy for ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, despite good response rates to initial surgery and chemotherapy, most patients relapse and have a generally poor survival rate. The present research sheds light on the therapeutic effects of multiple natural products in patients with ovarian cancer. Notably, these natural ingredients do not have adverse effects on healthy cells and tissues, indicating that natural products can serve as a safe alternative therapy for ovarian cancer. Trans-3,4,5′-Trihydroxystibene (resveratrol) is a natural product that is commonly found in the human diet and that has been shown to have anticancer effects on various human cancer cells. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the progress of resveratrol against tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis induction, autophagy, sensitization, and antioxidation as well as anti-inflammation. It also provides information regarding the role of resveratrol analogues in ovarian cancer. A better understanding of the role of resveratrol in ovarian cancer may provide a new array for the prevention and therapy of ovarian cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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15 pages, 4310 KiB  
Review
Tocotrienols as an Anti-Breast Cancer Agent
by Madison Trujillo, Anupreet Kharbanda, Christa Corley, Pilar Simmons and Antiño R. Allen
Antioxidants 2021, 10(9), 1383; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10091383 - 29 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5224
Abstract
In the past few years, breast cancer has become the most prevalent type of cancer. The majority of patients receive combinatorial chemotherapy treatments, which may result in increased risk of developing drug resistance, a reduced quality of life, and substantial side effects. Treatment [...] Read more.
In the past few years, breast cancer has become the most prevalent type of cancer. The majority of patients receive combinatorial chemotherapy treatments, which may result in increased risk of developing drug resistance, a reduced quality of life, and substantial side effects. Treatment modalities that could lessen the physical toll of standard treatments or act in synergy with chemotherapeutic treatments would benefit women worldwide. Research into tocotrienols has thus far demonstrated their potential to be such an agent, with tocotrienols surpassing the pharmacological potential of tocopherols. Further research using in vitro and preclinical breast cancer models to support clinical trials is needed. This review uses bibliometric analysis to highlight this gap in research and summarizes the current and future landscape of tocotrienols as an anti-breast cancer agent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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16 pages, 616 KiB  
Review
Research Development on Anti-Microbial and Antioxidant Properties of Camel Milk and Its Role as an Anti-Cancer and Anti-Hepatitis Agent
by Muhammad Zahoor Khan, Jianxin Xiao, Yulin Ma, Jiaying Ma, Shuai Liu, Adnan Khan, Jamal Muhammad Khan and Zhijun Cao
Antioxidants 2021, 10(5), 788; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10050788 - 17 May 2021
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 5674
Abstract
Camel milk is a rich source of vitamin C, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), beta-caseins and milk whey proteins, including lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, alpha-lactalbumin and immunoglobulin. The lactoferrin plays a key role in several physiological functions, such as conferring antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory functions [...] Read more.
Camel milk is a rich source of vitamin C, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), beta-caseins and milk whey proteins, including lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, alpha-lactalbumin and immunoglobulin. The lactoferrin plays a key role in several physiological functions, such as conferring antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory functions in cells. Similarly, the camel milk alpha-lactalbumin has shown greater antioxidative activity because of its higher antioxidant amino acid residues. The antioxidant properties of camel milk have also been ascribed to the structural conformation of its beta-caseins. Upon hydrolysis, the beta-caseins lead to some bioactive peptides having antioxidant activities. Consequently, the vitamin C in camel milk has a significant antioxidant effect and can be used as a source of vitamin C when the climate is harsh. Furthermore, the lysozyme and immunoglobulins in camel milk have anti-microbial and immune regulatory properties. The LAB isolated from camel milk have a protective role against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Moreover, the LAB can be used as a probiotic and may restore the oxidative status caused by various pathogenic bacterial infections. Various diseases such as cancer and hepatitis have been associated with oxidative stress. Camel milk could increase antiproliferative effects and regulate antioxidant genes during cancer and hepatitis, hence ameliorating oxidative stress. In the current review, we have illustrated the anti-microbial and antioxidant properties of camel milk in detail. In addition, the anti-cancer and anti-hepatitis properties of camel milk have also been discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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29 pages, 1405 KiB  
Review
Application of Polypodiopsida Class in Nanotechnology–Potential towards Development of More Effective Bioactive Solutions
by Irina Fierascu, Radu Claudiu Fierascu, Camelia Ungureanu, Oana Alexandra Draghiceanu and Liliana Cristina Soare
Antioxidants 2021, 10(5), 748; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10050748 - 08 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3200
Abstract
The area of phytosynthesized nanomaterials is rapidly developing, with numerous studies being published yearly. The use of plant extracts is an alternative method to reduce the toxic potential of the nanomaterials and the interest in obtaining phytosynthesized nanoparticles is usually directed towards accessible [...] Read more.
The area of phytosynthesized nanomaterials is rapidly developing, with numerous studies being published yearly. The use of plant extracts is an alternative method to reduce the toxic potential of the nanomaterials and the interest in obtaining phytosynthesized nanoparticles is usually directed towards accessible and common plant species, ferns not being explored to their real potential in this field. The developed nanoparticles could benefit from their superior antimicrobial and antioxidant properties (compared with the nanoparticles obtained by other routes), thus proposing an important alternative against health care-associated and drug-resistant infections, as well as in other types of applications. The present review aims to summarize the explored application of ferns in nanotechnology and related areas, as well as the current bottlenecks and future perspectives, as emerging from the literature data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Natural Products)
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