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Antioxidants
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Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II
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Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2022) | Viewed by 40454

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Giorgia Spigno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
Interests: antioxidants; bioactives; biotechnology; encapsulation; enzymes; extraction; food engineering; food waste; functional; fruit; rheology; shelf-life; valorisation; autohydrolysis; biorefinery; bioplastics; cellulose; coatings; food processing; lignocellulosic fractionation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last twenty years, the extraction of antioxidants from food waste and by-products has been a topic of ever-increasing popularity, not only in the research field but also in the industrial sector. Different aspects have been investigated including the following: screening of food wastes as a potential source of antioxidant compounds; comparison and optimization of conventional, non-conventional, and greener extraction methods; encapsulation of extracted compounds with different carrier materials and through different technologies; food and non-food applications.

Despite a large number of publications on the extraction of antioxidants from food waste, there is still a great interest in the topic and a lack of examples of large-scale industrial implementations of research results.

This second edition Special Issue welcomes manuscripts that could fill the gap between research and industrial applications, addressing the following themes related to the extraction of antioxidants from food waste:

  • Investigation of new functionalities of recovered antioxidants for both human health and specific technological applications.
  • Assessment of antioxidants stability and efficiency in vivo and real systems.
  • Emerging non-conventional greener extraction technologies.
  • Evaluation of economic and logistic feasibility of extraction processes.
  • Innovative food and non-food applications such as materials, cosmetics, pharmacy.

Prof. Dr. Giorgia Spigno
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Food waste
  • Antioxidants
  • Extraction
  • Functionality
  • Stability
  • Efficiency
  • Food applications
  • Non-food applications

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Published Papers (14 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

15 pages, 1544 KiB  
Article
Effect of Phenolic Compounds from Almond Skins Obtained by Water Extraction on Pork Patty Shelf Life
by Marisa Timón, Ana Isabel Andrés, Ludovico Sorrentino, Vladimiro Cardenia and María Jesús Petrón
Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2175; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11112175 - 03 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1506
Abstract
The extraction of phenols from almond skin using water has not been applied before. The purpose of this study was to obtain aqueous extracts from almond skin to be added to pork patties to prolong their shelf life. Four different varieties of almonds [...] Read more.
The extraction of phenols from almond skin using water has not been applied before. The purpose of this study was to obtain aqueous extracts from almond skin to be added to pork patties to prolong their shelf life. Four different varieties of almonds were studied and aqueous extracts were obtained. The antioxidant capacity and composition of phenol compounds of the extracts were determined. Results showed that the use of water produces extracts with phenol compounds and antioxidant capacity, with the Antoñeta variety presenting the best performance in terms of antioxidant behavior. The most abundant phenolic compounds identified were isorhamentin-3-O-rutinoside, catechin and protocatechuic acid, all of them had a hydrophilic character due to the –OH groups in their molecules. The effect of almond skin extracts (ALMOND) on the shelf life of pork patties was compared with the effects of a control without extract (CONTROL NEG) and a control with sodium ascorbate (CONTROL POS). Throughout storage, values of pH, weight loss, headspace composition, color, TBARs and psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria were studied. CONTROL POS samples showed the lowest lipid oxidation values in comparison to CONTROL NEG or ALMOND extract samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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10 pages, 1057 KiB  
Article
Date Seed: Rich Source of Antioxidant Phenolics Obtained by Hydrothermal Treatments
by Abdessalem Mrabet, Ana Jiménez-Araujo, África Fernández-Prior, Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria, Juan Fernández-Bolaños, Marianne Sindic and Guillermo Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 1914; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11101914 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1712
Abstract
The growing interest in natural compounds is helping to improve the management of agro-industrial by-products such as the date seed as sources of such compounds. In this work, the application of a hydrothermal treatment at 160 and 180 °C for 60 min was [...] Read more.
The growing interest in natural compounds is helping to improve the management of agro-industrial by-products such as the date seed as sources of such compounds. In this work, the application of a hydrothermal treatment at 160 and 180 °C for 60 min was studied to achieve the solubilization of its phenolic components and sugars in order to obtain biologically active extracts. The percentage of phenols and total sugars in the final extracts were very similar, at 45 and 25% for the 160 and 180 °C treatments, respectively. The treatment at a higher temperature allowed greater solubilization of other components. The antioxidant activity was measured as free-radical scavenging capacity. For the DPPH• method, expressed as EC50, the results were 0.34 and 0.37 mg/L, the TEAC values for the ABTS• method were 6.61 and 3.28 mg/g dried extract, and the values obtained by the ORAC method were 12.82 and 9.91 mmol Trolox/g dried extract, for 160 and 180 °C, respectively. All these values are higher than those of other plant extracts and extracts obtained using the whole date. Therefore, the date seed is a very important source of phenols, and through thermal and chromatographic processes, it is possible to obtain extracts with high antioxidant activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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23 pages, 2002 KiB  
Article
Valorization of Agro-Industrial Wastes by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction as a Source of Proteins, Antioxidants and Cutin: A Cascade Approach
by Cristina Mellinas, Ignacio Solaberrieta, Carlos Javier Pelegrín, Alfonso Jiménez and María Carmen Garrigós
Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1739; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11091739 - 01 Sep 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2632
Abstract
The use of agro-industrial wastes to obtain compounds with a high added-value is increasing in the last few years in accordance with the circular economy concept. In this work, a cascade extraction approach was developed based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for tomato, watermelon, [...] Read more.
The use of agro-industrial wastes to obtain compounds with a high added-value is increasing in the last few years in accordance with the circular economy concept. In this work, a cascade extraction approach was developed based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for tomato, watermelon, and apple peel wastes. The protein and antioxidant compounds were obtained during the first extraction step (NaOH 3 wt.%, 98.6 W, 100% amplitude, 6.48 W/cm2, 6 min). The watermelon peels (WP) showed higher proteins and total phenolic contents (857 ± 1 mg BSA/g extract and 107.2 ± 0.2 mg GAE/100 g dm, respectively), whereas the highest antioxidant activity was obtained for apple peels (1559 ± 20 µmol TE/100 g dm, 1767 ± 5 µmol TE/100 g dm, and 902 ± 16 µmol TE/100 g dm for ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays, respectively). The remaining residue obtained from the first extraction was subsequently extracted to obtain cutin (ethanol 40 wt.%, 58 W, 100% amplitude, 2 W/cm2, 17 min, 1/80 g/mL, pH 2.5). The morphological studies confirmed the great efficiency of UAE in damaging the vegetal cell walls. WP showed a higher non-hydrolysable cutin content (55 wt.% of the initial cutin). A different monomers’ profile was obtained for the cutin composition by GC-MS, with the cutin from tomato and apple peels being rich in polyhydroxy fatty acids whereas the cutin extracted from WP was mainly based on unsaturated fatty acids. All of the cutin samples showed an initial degradation temperature higher than 200 °C, presenting an excellent thermal stability. The strategy followed in this work has proved to be an effective valorization methodology with a high scaling-up potential for applications in the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetics and biopolymer sectors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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14 pages, 13169 KiB  
Communication
Solid State Fermentation of Olive Leaves as a Promising Technology to Obtain Hydroxytyrosol and Elenolic Acid Derivatives Enriched Extracts
by Anna Starzyńska-Janiszewska, Carmen Fernández-Fernández, Beatriz Martín-García, Vito Verardo and Ana María Gómez-Caravaca
Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1693; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11091693 - 29 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1527
Abstract
Extraction of valuable bioactive compounds from olive leaves is a hot topic and the use of sustainable and green technologies is mandatory in terms of circular economy. In this way, the use of fermentation technologies showed very interesting results in terms of phenolic [...] Read more.
Extraction of valuable bioactive compounds from olive leaves is a hot topic and the use of sustainable and green technologies is mandatory in terms of circular economy. In this way, the use of fermentation technologies showed very interesting results in terms of phenolic compound recovery. Because of that in this work the use of solid state fermentations, as valuable tool to improve the phenolic extraction has been checked. Aspergillus oryzae (in mycelium and spore form), Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus niger were used as fermentation microrganisms. Phenolic compounds were determined by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS and, to our knowledge, new compounds have been tentatively identified in olive leaves. Fermentation using mycelium of Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae were effective to increase both hydroxytyrosol and elenolic acid derivatives whereas the use of spores of Aspergillus oryzae caused a loss of hydroxytyrosoyl derivatives, contrary the content of elenolic derivatives are comparable with the other fermentation treatments and higher than control. The proposed fermentation processes using the mycelium of Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae lead to an increase the hydroxytyrosyl and elenolic acid derivatives and could be used at industrial scale to obtain enriched extracts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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17 pages, 2127 KiB  
Article
Effect of Natural Antioxidants from Fruit Leaves on the Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil during Accelerated Storage
by Hanem M. M. Mansour, Sobhy Ahmed El-Sohaimy, Ahmed M. Zeitoun and Eman M. Abdo
Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1691; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11091691 - 29 Aug 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2104
Abstract
Plant by-products are safe, sustainable, and abundant natural antioxidant sources. Here we investigated the antioxidant activity of a mixture of lyophilized pomegranate, guava, and grape (PGG) leaves water extract (1:1:1) and examined its ability to retard the rancidity of soybean oil during accelerated [...] Read more.
Plant by-products are safe, sustainable, and abundant natural antioxidant sources. Here we investigated the antioxidant activity of a mixture of lyophilized pomegranate, guava, and grape (PGG) leaves water extract (1:1:1) and examined its ability to retard the rancidity of soybean oil during accelerated storage at 65 °C for 30 days. To achieve this, we evaluated the oxidative stability of soybean oil enriched with PGG extract at 200, 400, and 800 ppm. We also compared the effect of PGG extract with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (400/100 ppm) with that of only BHT (200 ppm). We observed that 8.19 and 1.78 µg/mL of the extract could scavenge 50% of DPPH• and ABTS•, respectively, indicating its enhanced antioxidant activity. Enriching soyabean oil with the extract at 800 ppm improved its oxidative stability by reducing the acid value to 1.71 mg/g and the total oxidation to 99.87 compared to 2.27 mg/g and 150.32 in the raw oil, respectively. Moreover, PGG-800 ppm inhibited oxidation by 46.07%. Similarly, PGG-400 ppm reinforced BHT (100 ppm) to provide oxidative stability as BHT (p > 0.05), with TOTOX values of 87.93 and 79.23, respectively. PGG-800 ppm and PGG/BHT mix potently inhibited the transformation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into saturated ones. Therefore, the PGG extract might be an efficient substitute for BHT (partially or totally) during industrial processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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13 pages, 934 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extracts from Six Mediterranean Olive Cultivars
by Vida Šimat, Danijela Skroza, Giulia Tabanelli, Martina Čagalj, Federica Pasini, Ana María Gómez-Caravaca, Carmen Fernández-Fernández, Meta Sterniša, Sonja Smole Možina, Yesim Ozogul and Ivana Generalić Mekinić
Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1656; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11091656 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2063
Abstract
Phenolic profiles, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of hydroethanolic olive leaf extracts from six Mediterranean olive cultivars (Croatian: Lastovka, Levantinka, Oblica; Italian: Moraiolo, Frantoio, Nostrana di Brisighella) were investigated. As expected, various distributions of phenolic levels were observed [...] Read more.
Phenolic profiles, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of hydroethanolic olive leaf extracts from six Mediterranean olive cultivars (Croatian: Lastovka, Levantinka, Oblica; Italian: Moraiolo, Frantoio, Nostrana di Brisighella) were investigated. As expected, various distributions of phenolic levels were observed for each cultivar and the total phenolic content showed high variability (ranging from 4 to 22 mg GAE/g of dry extract), with the highest amount of phenolics found in the Oblica sample, which also provided the highest antiradical (ORAC) and reducing activity (FRAP). The screening of individual compounds was performed by HPLC-PDA-ESI-QTOF-MS and the main detected compounds were oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, oleoside/secologanoside, verbascoside, rutin, luteolin glucoside, hydroxyoleuropein, and ligstroside. While the antioxidant activity of the samples was relatively high, they showed no bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against E. coli and S. Typhimurium; weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria innocua; and inhibitory effects against Campylobacter jejuni at 0.5 mg dry extract/mL. The obtained results support the fact that olive leaf extracts, and especially those from the Oblica cultivar, could potentially be applied in various industries as natural preservatives and effective and inexpensive sources of valuable antioxidants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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13 pages, 2246 KiB  
Article
Production of Collagens and Protein Hydrolysates with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity from Sheep Slaughter By-Products
by Alessandra Roseline Vidal, Rogério Luis Cansian, Renius de Oliveira Mello, Ivo Mottin Demiate, Aniela Pinto Kempka, Rosa Cristina Prestes Dornelles, José Manuel Lorenzo Rodriguez and Paulo Cezar Bastianello Campagnol
Antioxidants 2022, 11(6), 1173; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11061173 - 14 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2380
Abstract
This work aimed to produce collagens and hydrolysates with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity from sheep slaughter by-products. The by-products (sheep and lamb) were treated and extracted. The collagens were hydrolyzed with the enzyme Alcalase®. The spectra of collagens and hydrolysates were [...] Read more.
This work aimed to produce collagens and hydrolysates with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity from sheep slaughter by-products. The by-products (sheep and lamb) were treated and extracted. The collagens were hydrolyzed with the enzyme Alcalase®. The spectra of collagens and hydrolysates were similar (amide bands I, II, III, A, B). The bands presented by the collagens (α1, α2, β) were characteristic of type I collagen. The hydrolysates showed molecular weight peptides equal to/lower than 15 kDa. Collagens had a denaturation temperature of 39.32 (lamb) and 36.38 °C (sheep), whereas the hydrolysates did not undergo thermal transition. Hydrolysates showed lower values of antioxidant activity (AA) than the collagens. The collagens from lamb and from sheep displayed an AA of 13.4% (concentration of 0.0002%) and 13.1% (concentration of 0.0005%), respectively. At the concentration of 0.0020%, the lamb hydrolysates displayed an AA of 10.2%, whereas the sheep hydrolysates had an AA of only 1.98%. Collagen also showed higher antimicrobial activity compared to hydrolysates, requiring a lower concentration to inhibit the microorganisms tested. Sheep slaughter by-products proved to be a viable source for obtaining protein hydrolysates and collagens with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, which can be applied in the development of nutraceuticals beneficial to human health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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14 pages, 12781 KiB  
Article
Bioactive Phytochemicals of Citrus reticulata Seeds—An Example of Waste Product Rich in Healthy Skin Promoting Agents
by Tarfah Al-Warhi, Abeer H. Elmaidomy, Samy Selim, Mohammad M. Al-Sanea, Mha Albqmi, Ehab M. Mostafa, Sabouni Ibrahim, Mohammed M. Ghoneim, Ahmed M. Sayed and Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 984; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11050984 - 18 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2100
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Egyptian mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco, F. Rutaceae) seeds afforded thirteen known compounds, 1–13. The structures of isolated compounds were assigned using 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS analyses. To characterize the pharmacological activity of these [...] Read more.
Phytochemical investigation of Egyptian mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco, F. Rutaceae) seeds afforded thirteen known compounds, 1–13. The structures of isolated compounds were assigned using 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS analyses. To characterize the pharmacological activity of these compounds, several integrated virtual screening-based and molecular dynamics simulation-based experiments were applied. As a result, compounds 2, 3 and 5 were putatively identified as hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitors. The subsequent in vitro testing was done to validate the in silico-based experiments to highlight the potential of these flavonoids as promising hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 6.39 ± 0.36 to 73.7 ± 2.33 µM. The present study shed light on the potential of Egyptian mandarin orange’s waste product (i.e., its seeds) as a skin health-promoting natural agent. Additionally, it revealed the applicability of integrated inverse docking-based virtual screening and MDS-based experiments in efficiently predicting the biological potential of natural products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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22 pages, 4800 KiB  
Article
Potential Use of Annona Genus Plants Leaf Extracts to Produce Bioactive Transdermal Patches by Supercritical Solvent Impregnation
by María Teresa Fernández Ponce, Cristina Cejudo Bastante, Lourdes Casas Cardoso, Casimiro Mantell, Enrique J. Martínez de la Ossa and Clara Pereyra
Antioxidants 2021, 10(8), 1196; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10081196 - 27 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2165
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to develop a bioactive transdermal patch functionalized with Annona leaf extracts (ALE) by means of supercritical impregnation technique. The potential of six different Annona leaf extracts (ALE) obtained with the enhanced solvent system formed by carbon [...] Read more.
The objective of the present work was to develop a bioactive transdermal patch functionalized with Annona leaf extracts (ALE) by means of supercritical impregnation technique. The potential of six different Annona leaf extracts (ALE) obtained with the enhanced solvent system formed by carbon dioxide + ethanol/acetone was evaluated taking into account the antioxidant activity, total phenol composition and global extraction yields. For the impregnation of ALE, two drug supporting systems were tested: hydrocolloid sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and polyester dressings (PD). The effect of the impregnation conditions, including pressure (P), temperature (T), percent of co-solvent (ethanol) and ALE/polymer mass ratio, was determined with regard to the loading and the functional activity of the impregnated samples. The optimal impregnation conditions of ALE were established at 55 °C and 300 bar which led to obtained transdermal patches with antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity. In order to understand the behavior of the process, the homogeneity of the samples in the vessels was also evaluated. The best results were obtained at higher proportions of co-solvent in the system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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17 pages, 3007 KiB  
Article
Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Rapeseed Lecithin Liposomes Loading a Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seed Extract
by Ailén Alemán, Selene Pérez-García, Pilar Fernández de Palencia, María Pilar Montero and María del Carmen Gómez-Guillén
Antioxidants 2021, 10(5), 693; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10050693 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2812
Abstract
Vegetal waste materials were used to produce liposomes with both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Differences in the chemical composition of rapeseed lecithin (LEC) and a partially purified phospholipid fraction (PPL) were studied in terms of fatty acids (neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and [...] Read more.
Vegetal waste materials were used to produce liposomes with both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Differences in the chemical composition of rapeseed lecithin (LEC) and a partially purified phospholipid fraction (PPL) were studied in terms of fatty acids (neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and phospholipids), sterols, tocopherols, and amino acid composition. Neutral lipids, campesterol, β-sitosterol, and γ-tocopherol were the most depleted compounds in PPL. Qualitative differences between LEC and PPL were revealed by infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. An ethanol/water antioxidant extract from chia seeds (ChE), with a high content in rosmarinic acid and rosmarinic acid 3-O-glucoside, along with other minor phenolic acids determined by HPLC-MS, was encapsulated in liposomes made of LEC (L-LEC) and PPL (L-PPL) with an entrapment efficiency of 61.3% and 69.3%, respectively. L-PPL suspensions showed smaller particle size and lower ζ potential than their L-LEC counterparts, along with noticeable particle destabilization after 7 days of storage. Antioxidant properties were greater in L-LEC than in L-PPL suspensions. L-LEC, ChE, and lecithin empty liposomes (L-E) showed no cytotoxic effect in either Caco-2 or THP-1 cells and induced downregulation of the inflammation response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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15 pages, 1754 KiB  
Article
Application of a Natural Antioxidant from Grape Pomace Extract in the Development of Bioactive Jute Fibers for Food Packaging
by Cristina Cejudo-Bastante, Paloma Arjona-Mudarra, María Teresa Fernández-Ponce, Lourdes Casas, Casimiro Mantell, Enrique J. Martínez de la Ossa and Clara Pereyra
Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 216; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10020216 - 02 Feb 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 3604
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for the use of new food packaging materials. In this study, natural jute fibers impregnated with a Petit Verdot Red Grape Pomace Extract (RGPE) was proposed as a new active food packaging material. Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and [...] Read more.
There is an increasing demand for the use of new food packaging materials. In this study, natural jute fibers impregnated with a Petit Verdot Red Grape Pomace Extract (RGPE) was proposed as a new active food packaging material. Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and Enhanced Solvent Extraction (ESE) techniques were employed to obtain the bioactive RGPE. Afterward the supercritical solvent impregnation conditions to obtain RGPE-natural jute fibers were studied, by varying pressure, modifier percentage and dried RGPE mass. PLE technique offered the highest bioactive extract at 20 MPa, 55 °C, 1 h residence time using C2H5OH:H2O (1:1 v/v), providing an EC50 of 3.35 ± 0.25 and antibacterial capacity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC of 12.0, 1.5 and 4.0 mg/mL RGPE respectively). The natural jute fibers impregnated with 3 mL of that RGPE (90 mg/mL) at 50 MPa and 55 °C generated the most efficient packing material with regards to its food preservation potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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17 pages, 1938 KiB  
Article
Tuning of Proanthocyanidin Extract’s Composition through Quaternary Eutectic Solvents Extraction
by Rodrigo T. Neto, Sónia A. O. Santos, Joana Oliveira and Armando J. D. Silvestre
Antioxidants 2020, 9(11), 1124; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9111124 - 13 Nov 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2031
Abstract
Currently available proanthocyanidins extraction methods rely on dedicated crops and have low specificity and yield which limits their industrial application. Consequently, the development of novel methodologies and the use of sustainable sources is of great importance. Eutectic solvents have been proposed has good [...] Read more.
Currently available proanthocyanidins extraction methods rely on dedicated crops and have low specificity and yield which limits their industrial application. Consequently, the development of novel methodologies and the use of sustainable sources is of great importance. Eutectic solvents have been proposed has good alternatives for conventional solvents due to their low price, easiness of preparation, biocompatibility and ability of being custom made to a specific application. Herein the effective extraction of proanthocyanidins from grape pomace and the possibility of tuning the extract’s characteristics such as mean degree of polymerization and galloylation percentage is explored by means of varying the composition of a quaternary eutectic solvent composed by choline chloride, glycerol, ethanol and water. It was found that mean degree of polymerization values can vary from 6.0 to 7.37 and galloylation percentage can vary from 32.5% to 47.1% while maintaining extraction yield above 72.2 mg of proanthocyanidins per g of biomass. Furthermore, the increase of temperature up to 100 °C has showed a significant effect on the extraction yield being possible to increase it by 238% when compared to the conventional extraction method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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Review

Jump to: Research

42 pages, 3265 KiB  
Review
Emerging Green Techniques for the Extraction of Antioxidants from Agri-Food By-Products as Promising Ingredients for the Food Industry
by Serena Carpentieri, Farid Soltanipour, Giovanna Ferrari, Gianpiero Pataro and Francesco Donsì
Antioxidants 2021, 10(9), 1417; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10091417 - 05 Sep 2021
Cited by 68 | Viewed by 5762
Abstract
Nowadays, the food industry is heavily involved in searching for green sources of valuable compounds, to be employed as potential food ingredients, to cater to the evolving consumers’ requirements for health-beneficial food ingredients. In this frame, agri-food by-products represent a low-cost source of [...] Read more.
Nowadays, the food industry is heavily involved in searching for green sources of valuable compounds, to be employed as potential food ingredients, to cater to the evolving consumers’ requirements for health-beneficial food ingredients. In this frame, agri-food by-products represent a low-cost source of natural bioactive compounds, including antioxidants. However, to effectively recover these intracellular compounds, it is necessary to reduce the mass transfer resistances represented by the cellular envelope, within which they are localized, to enhance their extractability. To this purpose, emerging extraction technologies, have been proposed, including Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Microwave-Assisted Extraction, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, High-Pressure Homogenization, Pulsed Electric Fields, High Voltage Electrical Discharges. These technologies demonstrated to be a sustainable alternative to conventional extraction, showing the potential to increase the extraction yield, decrease the extraction time and solvent consumption. Additionally, in green extraction processes, also the contribution of solvent selection, as well as environmental and economic aspects, represent a key factor. Therefore, this review focused on critically analyzing the main findings on the synergistic effect of low environmental impact technologies and green solvents towards the green extraction of antioxidants from food by-products, by discussing the main associated advantages and drawbacks, and the criteria of selection for process sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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27 pages, 2104 KiB  
Review
Crustacean Waste-Derived Chitosan: Antioxidant Properties and Future Perspective
by Manikandan Muthu, Judy Gopal, Sechul Chun, Anna Jacintha Prameela Devadoss, Nazim Hasan and Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 228; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox10020228 - 03 Feb 2021
Cited by 62 | Viewed by 6657
Abstract
Chitosan is obtained from chitin that in turn is recovered from marine crustacean wastes. The recovery methods and their varying types and the advantages of the recovery methods are briefly discussed. The bioactive properties of chitosan, which emphasize the unequivocal deliverables contained by [...] Read more.
Chitosan is obtained from chitin that in turn is recovered from marine crustacean wastes. The recovery methods and their varying types and the advantages of the recovery methods are briefly discussed. The bioactive properties of chitosan, which emphasize the unequivocal deliverables contained by this biopolymer, have been concisely presented. The variations of chitosan and its derivatives and their unique properties are discussed. The antioxidant properties of chitosan have been presented and the need for more work targeted towards harnessing the antioxidant property of chitosan has been emphasized. Some portions of the crustacean waste are being converted to chitosan; the possibility that all of the waste can be used for harnessing this versatile multifaceted product chitosan is projected in this review. The future of chitosan recovery from marine crustacean wastes and the need to improve in this area of research, through the inclusion of nanotechnological inputs have been listed under future perspective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)
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