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Applied Sciences
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Advancements for Large Scale Adoption of Smart-Inverters
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Advancements for Large Scale Adoption of Smart-Inverters

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 7473

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Reinaldo Tonkoski

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
Interests: grid integration of renewable energy systems; microgrids; power quality and power electronics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rodrigo D. Trevizan

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Guest Editor
Energy Storage Technology & Systems Department, Sandia National Laboratories, USA
Interests: power systems; power system transient stability analysis; smart grids; power system state estimation; cybersecurity

Special Issue Information

The difficulty in maintaining dynamic power balance and the increased investment and operational costs to improve power quality and reliability are the main bottlenecks to achieving high penetration of renewable energy sources. Smart inverters are envisioned as the enabling technology for the reliable, sustainable, and cost-effective integration of renewable energy sources and energy storage into power systems. Smart inverters can provide support to maintain power quality and stability of the electric grid under a high penetration level of renewable energy. However, technological and economic roadblocks still slow down adoption of advanced control features in smart inverters. There are cybersecurty concerns related to remote control and communication of smart inverters. In addition, participation of smart inverters in inertia markets is still in its early developmental stages. Stacking revenue streams is also being considered to recover the high cost of smart-inverter-interfaced energy storage systems and to address economical barriers. This Special Issue aims to discuss the main advancements of smart inverter design, control, and operation. In addition, this Special Issue addresses the cybersecurity aspects of such systems as well as technoeconomic analysis of power systems with high penetration of smart inverters. 

The guest editorial team solicits original research papers that target at, but are not restricted to: 

Advanced control architectures using smart inverters

Advanced smart inverter grid support functions

Modeling of smart inverters for power system dynamic studies

Design and operation of smart inverters

Smart inverter functions and features for power system state estimation

Novel smart inverter topologies to new market mechanisms to leverage smart inverter functions

Feasibility and impact assesment of smart inverter integration in power systems

Case studies and technoeconomic analysis of power systems with smart inverters

Smart inverter controls and optimization for revenue stream stacking of renewable generation and energy storage systems

Cybersecurity of Internet-of-Things-based smart inverters 

Prof. Reinaldo Tonkoski
Dr. Rodrigo D. Trevizan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Smart inverters for grid integration of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems
  • Advanced control of inverters and grid support functions
  • Novel smart inverter topologies
  • Cybersecurity of Internet-of-Things-based smart inverters
  • Technoeconomical analysis of power systems with smart inverters

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3145 KiB  
Article
Overvoltage Prevention and Curtailment Reduction Using Adaptive Droop-Based Supplementary Control in Smart Inverters
by Manisha Maharjan, Ujjwol Tamrakar, Zhen Ni, Bishnu Bhattarai and Reinaldo Tonkoski
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(17), 7900; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11177900 - 27 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1956
Abstract
Recent developments in the renewable energy sector have seen an unprecedented growth in residential photovoltaic (PV) installations. However, high PV penetration levels often lead to overvoltage problems in low-voltage (LV) distribution feeders. Smart inverter control such as active power curtailment (APC)-based overvoltage control [...] Read more.
Recent developments in the renewable energy sector have seen an unprecedented growth in residential photovoltaic (PV) installations. However, high PV penetration levels often lead to overvoltage problems in low-voltage (LV) distribution feeders. Smart inverter control such as active power curtailment (APC)-based overvoltage control can be implemented to overcome these challenges. The APC technique utilizes a constant droop-based approach which curtails power rigidly, which can lead to significant energy curtailment in the LV distribution feeders. In this paper, different variations of the APC technique with linear, quadratic, and exponential droops have been analyzed from the point-of-view of energy curtailment for a LV distribution network in North America. Further, a combinatorial approach using various droop-based APC methods in conjunction with adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) as a supplementary control scheme has also been proposed. The proposed approach minimizes energy curtailment in the LV distribution network by adjusting the droop gains. Simulation results depict that ADP in conjunction with exponential droop reduces the energy curtailment to approximately 50% compared to using the standard linear droop. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements for Large Scale Adoption of Smart-Inverters)
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30 pages, 18542 KiB  
Article
Comparative and Cost Analysis of a Novel Predictive Power Ramp Rate Control Method: A Case Study in a PV Power Plant in Puerto Rico
by Juan F. Patarroyo-Montenegro, Jesus D. Vasquez-Plaza, Omar F. Rodriguez-Martinez, Yuly V. Garcia and Fabio Andrade
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(13), 5766; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11135766 - 22 Jun 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2026
Abstract
One of the most important aspects that need to be addressed to increase solar energy penetration is the power ramp-rate control. In weak grids such as the one found in Puerto Rico, it is important to smooth power fluctuations caused by the intermittence [...] Read more.
One of the most important aspects that need to be addressed to increase solar energy penetration is the power ramp-rate control. In weak grids such as the one found in Puerto Rico, it is important to smooth power fluctuations caused by the intermittence of passing clouds. In this work, a novel power ramp-rate control strategy is proposed. Additionally, a comparison with some of the most common power ramp-rate control methods is performed using a proposed model and real solar radiation data from the Coto Laurel photovoltaic power plant located in Ponce, Puerto Rico. The proposed model was validated using one-year real data from Coto Laurel. The power ramp-rate control methods were compared in real-time simulations using the OP5700 from Opal-RT Technologies considering power ramp rate fluctuations, power ramp-rate violations, fluctuations in the state-of-charge, among other indicators. Moreover, the proposed power ramp-rate control strategy, called predictive dynamic smoothing was explained and compared. Results indicate that the predictive dynamic smoothing produced a considerably reduced Levelized Cost of Storage compared to other power ramp-rate control methods and provided a higher lifetime expectancy for lithium batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements for Large Scale Adoption of Smart-Inverters)
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Review

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20 pages, 4504 KiB  
Review
Technological Perspective of Cyber Secure Smart Inverters Used in Power Distribution System: State of the Art Review
by Sumukh Surya, Mohan Krishna Srinivasan and Sheldon Williamson
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8780; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11188780 - 21 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2384
Abstract
The purpose of smart grid architecture as compared to the conventional grid is to ensure more stability, reliability and bi-directional communication between the utility and the consumer. The deployment of the same has succeeded in improving the efficiency of the distribution systems and [...] Read more.
The purpose of smart grid architecture as compared to the conventional grid is to ensure more stability, reliability and bi-directional communication between the utility and the consumer. The deployment of the same has succeeded in improving the efficiency of the distribution systems and effective co-ordination and interoperability among the different components of the grid. Smart inverters play a major role in seamless grid integration, control and conversion of power when the renewable energy sources are present. However, they come with several security challenges as well, which are of considerable concern. Certain cyber threats include physical and cyber attacks, natural phenomena which in turn can lead to grid failure, blackouts, commercial energy losses, privacy and safety issues, etc. Therefore, there is a need for critical examination of all these issues which must be considered for designing cyber secure smart inverters at the distribution level. In this comprehensive review, keeping the technological perspective in mind, the existing gaps and the necessity for the same are highlighted. The various topologies, IEEE protocols and the control strategy are presented in detail. This will enable prospective researchers to address the design issues of smart inverters with greater focus on security and reliability aspects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements for Large Scale Adoption of Smart-Inverters)
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