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Application of Animal Byproducts in Bio-Based Materials, Health, Food, Agriculture...
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Application of Animal Byproducts in Bio-Based Materials, Health, Food, Agriculture and Energy

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 13970

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vincenza Ferraro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
INRAE (Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation, et l’Environnement), 147 Rue de l’Université, 75007 Paris, France
Interests: valorization of agro-food by-products for the recovery of added-value compounds for bio-based materials, biomaterials, health-care, food, agriculture and energy; sustainability of the meat and fish supply chain and contribution to bioeconomy; food safety and quality management system, chemical and microbiology safety of agro-food waste; regulatory monitoring on the application of animal by-products

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Animal by-products are a stream of potential raw matters for several sectors, in virtue of their unique functional and biological properties, which are also difficult to reproduce through synthetic ways. The by-products streams can add up to 50% of live animal’s weight and represent a considerable challenge; nonetheless they can embody an opportunity for innovation in several fields. The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation) projects that up to 2050, meat and fish consumption will increase worldwide, meaning that animal residues will rise consequently. At present, animal by-products are largely underexploited and mainly minimised by palliative treatments such as incineration – with significant green-house gas emission – landfilling and export. Even though biogas production and animal feeding are possible for some by-products, a greater part still remains to be valorised. To move towards a high added value processing and towards a greater sustainability, new molecular-level scientific knowledge is required to identify promising avenues for by-products refining.

Hence, this special issue aims to focus onto ground-breaking managements strategies of animal by-products for the recovery of high value-added compounds and on their application. Papers on the development of bio-based and renewable materials for industry, such as fibres, packaging, biodegradable coatings, technical textiles, edible casings, etc., sensing devices for medical and technical applications, active principles for pharmaceutics, and for the automotive and energy sector (unless biogas production), are welcome.

Dr. Vincenza Ferraro
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biorefining of animal by-products
  • Biochemical and physicochemical characterization of animal by-products
  • Bio-based products from animal by-products
  • Added-value molecules from animal by-products
  • Functionality and bioactivity of animal by-products compounds

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2165 KiB  
Article
Collagen Peptides-Minerals Complexes from the Bovine Bone by-Product to Prevent Lipids Peroxidation in Meat and Butter and to Quench Free Radicals—Influence of Proteases and of Steam Sterilisation
by Laurent Aubry, Khady Sy, Thierry Sayd and Vincenza Ferraro
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3979; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13063979 - 21 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1192
Abstract
Food-grade animal by-products are a source of bioactive peptides that could be used as natural antioxidant compounds. Until now, only few studies have put attention to the research of the most effective enzyme(s), to the antioxidant power of collagen peptides in food matrix [...] Read more.
Food-grade animal by-products are a source of bioactive peptides that could be used as natural antioxidant compounds. Until now, only few studies have put attention to the research of the most effective enzyme(s), to the antioxidant power of collagen peptides in food matrix and to the consideration of a mineralized collagen tissue such as bone, in particular the bovine one. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymes of different origins (animal, plant and microbial) and the effect of processing parameters such as the enzyme-collagen ratio, the steam sterilisation, the concentration of peptides and the mixing of peptides obtained by different enzymes on their antioxidant activity. Low molecular weight peptides (<3000 Da) were produced by the hydrolysis of bovine bone collagen by bromelain, cathepsin B and collagenase B. The antioxidant activity towards lipids peroxidation in meat and butter and the quenching capacity toward free radical were assessed. The bone minerals calcium, magnesium and phosphorous were also present in solution. Peptides-minerals complexes showed a significant antioxidant activity, which depended on the enzyme and on the test used to measure the antioxidant power; collagenase B showed the highest antioxidant capacity, which was further improved by peptides mixing and concentration; sterilization had no adverse effect on the antioxidant capacity. The results of this study can corroborate that food-grade animal by-products, such as the bovine bone, could be valorised for high-value food and health application, which can contribute to a circular use of the agro-food resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Animal Byproducts in Bio-Based Materials, Health, Food, Agriculture and Energy)
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15 pages, 2007 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Valorization of Chicken MDCM to Produce Soluble Protein and Collagen Peptides
by Nora Pap, Sari Mäkinen, Ulla Moilanen, Marjatta Vahvaselkä, Jyri Maunuksela, Maritta Kymäläinen and Anne Pihlanto
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1327; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12031327 - 26 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4688
Abstract
This study aimed to utilize enzymatic treatment and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) to recover soluble food-grade protein and collagen peptides from mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM), a side-stream from the meat industry. Food-grade enzyme blends Ermitase 1 and Ermitase 2 were used [...] Read more.
This study aimed to utilize enzymatic treatment and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) to recover soluble food-grade protein and collagen peptides from mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM), a side-stream from the meat industry. Food-grade enzyme blends Ermitase 1 and Ermitase 2 were used to fractionate the mechanically deboned meat into fat, soluble protein, and solids. Response surface methodology was utilized to optimize treatments to maximize the protein yield. At the optimum conditions (hydrolysis time 240 min, E:S 0.27%, and a hydromodule 1 L/kg), the enzymatic treatment produced high protein yield, approximately 90%. The protein hydrolysates showed a good solubility index, but weak gelling properties. The PHWE of the bones resulted in a high nitrogen yield, approximately 87%, at the optimum conditions of 190 °C and 83 min. Peptides in the bone extract were in the range of 0.5–13.7 kDa. Overall, our study highlights the importance of response surface methodology to optimize parameters for mechanically deboned chicken meat enzymatic and PHWE treatments to achieve high yields of protein for food applications and low-molecular-weight collagen peptides for cosmetic applications. The crucial role of protein and peptide prices was observed in preliminary profitability analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Animal Byproducts in Bio-Based Materials, Health, Food, Agriculture and Energy)
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14 pages, 2544 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Pig Manure for Environmental or Agricultural Applications through Gasification and Soil Leaching Experiments
by Despina Vamvuka and Adamantia Raftogianni
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 12011; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112412011 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2424
Abstract
The current study aimed at evaluating an untreated pig manure, firstly for its suitability for soil amendment in combination with an agricultural/bio-solid biochar, and secondly for its potential to be used for adsorption of hazardous species, replacing expensive activated carbons. Column soil leaching [...] Read more.
The current study aimed at evaluating an untreated pig manure, firstly for its suitability for soil amendment in combination with an agricultural/bio-solid biochar, and secondly for its potential to be used for adsorption of hazardous species, replacing expensive activated carbons. Column soil leaching experiments were designed to simulate field conditions, and physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses were performed for raw materials and/or leachates. For activated carbon production, the manure was gasified by steam or carbon dioxide at high temperatures. Biochars were analyzed for organic and mineral matter, structural characteristics and organic functional groups. Activation by steam or carbon dioxide greatly enhanced specific surface area, reaching values of 231.4 and 233.3 m2/g, respectively. Application of manure to the soil promoted leaching of nitrates and phosphates and raised COD values of water extracts. Biochar addition retained these ions and reduced COD values up to 10 times at the end of the three-month period. The concentrations of heavy metals in the leachates were low and, in the presence of biochar in soil blends, they were significantly reduced by 50–70%. The manure presents a significant potential for adsorption of various pollutants or improvement of soil amendment if carefully managed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Animal Byproducts in Bio-Based Materials, Health, Food, Agriculture and Energy)
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14 pages, 1045 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Collagen-Containing Waste Biodegradation, Amino Acid, Peptide and Carbohydrate Composition of Hydrolysis Products
by Stanislav Sukhikh, Svetlana Noskova, Svetlana Ivanova, Elena Ulrikh, Alexsander Izgaryshev, Timothy Larichev, Oksana Kozlova, Alexander Prosekov and Olga Babich
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11511; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112311511 - 04 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2219
Abstract
This paper aimed to study the biodegradation of collagen-containing waste (pork skin) induced by collagenase and Neutrase 1.5 MG enzymes and compare the amino acid, peptide, and carbohydrate composition of hydrolysis products. It was found that the degree of biodegradation of collagen-containing raw [...] Read more.
This paper aimed to study the biodegradation of collagen-containing waste (pork skin) induced by collagenase and Neutrase 1.5 MG enzymes and compare the amino acid, peptide, and carbohydrate composition of hydrolysis products. It was found that the degree of biodegradation of collagen-containing raw materials (pork skin) reached 78% when using an enzyme preparation (collagenase with a concentration of 250 U/g of the substrate) at pH 7.0, 40 °C, and a 360 min process duration. It was shown that the content of peptides with a molecular weight of 6.5–14.0 kDa in the hydrolysis products (collagenase) of collagen-containing wastes was 13.4 ± 0.40%, while in the products of hydrolysis (Neutrase 1.5 MG) it was 12.8 ± 0.38%. The study found that the hydrolysis products (Neutrase 1.5 MG) of collagen-containing raw materials contain fewer hexoses, free hexosamines, and hyaluronic acid than the hydrolysis products (collagenase) of collagen-containing raw materials. The content of chondroitin sulfates is practically the same in all samples of hydrolysis products. Proteases with collagenolytic activity are widely used in industry. Recently, they have increasingly been used in pharmaceutical, food, and other industries. Collagenases are promising enzymes for the production of chondroprotectors used for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Animal Byproducts in Bio-Based Materials, Health, Food, Agriculture and Energy)
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13 pages, 2415 KiB  
Article
Collagen-Based Bioactive Bromelain Hydrolysate from Salt-Cured Cod Skin
by Ezequiel R. Coscueta, María Emilia Brassesco and Manuela Pintado
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8538; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11188538 - 14 Sep 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2607
Abstract
Considerable amounts of fish processing by-products are discarded each year. About 30% of this material may be skin and bone. Fish skin has more than 80% of its total protein content as collagen. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a growing demand [...] Read more.
Considerable amounts of fish processing by-products are discarded each year. About 30% of this material may be skin and bone. Fish skin has more than 80% of its total protein content as collagen. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a growing demand for collagen-based peptides due to their beneficial health effects. So, the objective of the present study was to optimise the obtaining bioactive hydrolysates from salt-cured cod skin using the protease Bromelain at 0.5% (w/w) concentration. This study developed a sustainable process that consumes less time and energy and uses an alternative source as raw material. In addition, bromelain allows hydrolysates with important antioxidant (ORAC, 514 μmol Trolox Equivalent/g protein) and antihypertensive activities (inhibition of ACE, IC50 of 166 μg protein/mL) as well as excellent biocompatibility with dermal and subcutaneous cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Animal Byproducts in Bio-Based Materials, Health, Food, Agriculture and Energy)
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