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Applied Sciences
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Exercise Science Animal Model
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Exercise Science Animal Model

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2022) | Viewed by 6673

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jong-Hee Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physical Education, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
Interests: exercise science; muscle; exercise performance; skeletal muscle physiology; muscle physiology; exercise physiology; exercise; cell biology; physiology; oxidative stress

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Animal models have been used widely in exercise science research in both health and disease conditions. In animals, investigating the mechanistic bases for cellular response and adaptation to exercise, which is limited in human studies, helps to unveil the cause and process of biological phenomena, such as aging, obesity, cancer, and other diseases. This Special Issue aims to address current views of animal models that investigate the muscular, cardiovascular, and metabolic aspects of exercise and scrutinize the underlying mechanisms of sarcopenia, frailty, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and other chronic diseases. Papers are invited that investigate up-to-date exercise protocol, mode, and intervention, focusing on the latest scientific outcomes and their associated mechanisms. Possible topics may include studies on molecular and cellular regulation, muscular structure and function, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, protein synthesis/degradation, and muscle metabolism. Case studies or preliminary studies using novel exercise technologies in rodents or large animals are also very welcome.

Prof. Dr. Jong-Hee Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aging
  • sarcopenia
  • frailty
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • cancer
  • muscle physiology
  • exercise protocol
  • nutrition

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3030 KiB  
Article
Improved Electrical Stimulation-Based Exercise Model to Induce Mice Tibialis Anterior Muscle Hypertrophy and Function
by Paula Ketilly Nascimento Alves, João G. Silvestre, Wenddy Wyllie Damascena Sougey, André Cruz and Anselmo Sigari Moriscot
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7673; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12157673 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1619
Abstract
Efficient and suitable animal models directed to skeletal muscle hypertrophy are highly needed; nevertheless, the currently available models have limitations, such as restricted hypertrophy outcome and prolonged protocols; thus, additional research is required. In this study, we developed an improved muscle training protocol [...] Read more.
Efficient and suitable animal models directed to skeletal muscle hypertrophy are highly needed; nevertheless, the currently available models have limitations, such as restricted hypertrophy outcome and prolonged protocols; thus, additional research is required. In this study, we developed an improved muscle training protocol for mice by directly stimulating the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle motor point using electrical stimulation. C57BL/6 adult male mice were separated into four groups: CTR (control groups for one and two weeks), ES1 (electrical stimulation for one week), and ES2 (electrical stimulation for two weeks). Following muscle training, TA was taken for further examination. The results demonstrated a steady increase in the fiber cross-sectional area as a result of muscle training (ES1, 14.6% and ES2, 28.9%, p < 0.0001). Two weeks of muscle training enhanced muscle mass and maximal tetanic force by 18 (p = 0.0205) and 30%, respectively (p = 0.0260). To assess the tissue remodeling response in this model, we evaluated satellite cell activity and observed an increase in the number of Pax-7-positive nuclei after one and two weeks of muscle training (both >2-fold, p < 0.0001). In addition, we observed an increase in the number of positive nuclei for MyoD after two weeks (2.6-fold, p = 0.0057) without fiber damage. Accordingly, phosphorylation of mTOR and p70 increased following two weeks of muscle training (17%, p = 0.0215 and 66%, p = 0.0364, respectively). The results indicate that this muscle training strategy is appropriate for promoting quick and intense hypertrophy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Science Animal Model)
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18 pages, 8261 KiB  
Article
Prolonged Endurance Exercise Adaptations Counteract Doxorubicin Chemotherapy-Induced Myotoxicity in Mice
by Insu Kwon, Gwang-Woong Go, Youngil Lee and Jong-Hee Kim
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3652; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12073652 - 05 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2048
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent widely used for various types of cancer; however, its accumulation causes myotoxicity and muscle atrophy. Endurance exercise (EXE) has emerged as a vaccine against DOX-induced myotoxicity. However, potential molecular mechanisms of EXE-mediated myocyte protection for the [...] Read more.
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent widely used for various types of cancer; however, its accumulation causes myotoxicity and muscle atrophy. Endurance exercise (EXE) has emerged as a vaccine against DOX-induced myotoxicity. However, potential molecular mechanisms of EXE-mediated myocyte protection for the unfavorable muscle phenotype remain unelucidated. In addition, most studies have identified the short-term effects of DOX and EXE interventions, but studies on the prolonged EXE effects used as adjuvant therapy for chronic DOX treatment are lacking. Twelve-week-old adult male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to four groups: sedentary treated with saline (SED-SAL, n = 10), endurance exercise treated saline (EXE-SAL, n = 10), sedentary treated with doxorubicin (SED-DOX, n = 10), and endurance exercise treated with doxorubicin (EXE-DOX, n = 10). Mice were intraperitoneally injected with DOX (5 mg/kg) or saline five times biweekly for eight weeks, while a treadmill running exercise was performed. Body composition was assessed and then soleus muscle tissues were excised for histological and biochemical assays. Our data showed that DOX aggravated body composition, absolute soleus muscle mass, and distinct pathological features; also, TOP2B upregulation was linked to DOX-induced myotoxicity. We also demonstrated that EXE-DOX promoted mitochondrial biogenesis (e.g., citrate synthase). However, no alterations in satellite cell activation and myogenesis factors in response to DOX and EXE interventions were observed. Instead, SED-DOX promoted catabolic signaling cascades (AKT-FOXO3α-MuRF-1 axis), whereas EXE-DOX reversed its catabolic phenomenon. Moreover, EXE-DOX stimulated basal autophagy. We showed that the EXE-mediated catabolic paradigm shift is likely to rescue impaired muscle integrity. Thus, our study suggests that EXE can be recommended as an adjuvant therapy to ameliorate DOX-induced myotoxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Science Animal Model)
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12 pages, 1046 KiB  
Article
Effect of Moderate-Intensity Endurance Exercise on Inflammatory Cytokines in Leukocytes of Dogs
by Hae Sung Lee, Hyun Ju Oh, Kihae Ra and Jong-Hee Kim
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 215; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12010215 - 27 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2433
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a treadmill exercise on hematological and serum biochemical parameters and the expression of immune-related cytokine genes in leukocytes. For the experiment, six healthy adult dogs were divided into exercise and control groups. The exercise group [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a treadmill exercise on hematological and serum biochemical parameters and the expression of immune-related cytokine genes in leukocytes. For the experiment, six healthy adult dogs were divided into exercise and control groups. The exercise group performed an endurance exercise three times a week for four weeks. Blood samples were collected before exercise, two weeks after exercise, and post-exercise, and hematological and serum biochemical analysis and cytokine gene analysis were conducted. In the exercise group, white blood cell count (WBC), aspartate aminotransferase, serum alkaline phosphatase, and glucose levels were significantly decreased, but there was no change in the control group. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-4 was significantly decreased in the exercise group compared to the control group. There was no difference in IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 mRNA expression between groups. The results in the current study demonstrate that short-term moderate-intensity endurance exercise alters WBC levels and mRNA cytokine expression in leukocytes and may have a meaningful effect on immune health in dogs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Science Animal Model)
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