Application of Wood Composites III

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2023) | Viewed by 9122

Special Issue Editors

Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: wood and wood-based composites; eco-friendly wood-based composites; lignocellulosic composites; wood technology; wood sciences; bio-based adhesives; advanced formaldehyde-based wood adhesives; formaldehyde emission; formaldehyde scavengers; recyclable materials; sustainability; bioeconomy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch Campus Jengka, Bandar Tun Razak 26400, Pahang, Malaysia
Interests: wood composites; wood treatments; wood adhesives; wood modification; polymers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Research Center for Biomaterials, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
Interests: wood adhesives; wood-based panels; wood adhesion; forest products technology; wood science and technology; polymer composites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wood composites, that is, any wood material adhesive-bonded together, are the key material for a wide variety of applications, such as furniture, construction, etc. Wood composites range from fiberboard to laminated beams. The basic elements for wood composites are fibers, wood particles and veneers, varying in size and geometry, bonded together with an appropriate adhesive. Their characteristics and variation control provide the chief means by which materials are fabricated with predetermined properties. Thus, wood composites can be successfully engineered to meet certain requirements which makes them suitable for a number of end uses.

This Special Issue on the “Application of Wood Composites III” is focused on high-quality original research articles and reviews on topics including (but not limited to) the latest approaches in the development of wood-based composites, including reinforced composite structures, novel eco-friendly wood-based composites, wood plastic composites (WPC), advanced functionalities in laminates, activation of natural fibers, natural matrix, and other industrial manufacturing research advancements in wood composite materials and their application.

After the successful Special Issue “Application of Wood Composites”and "Application of Wood Composites II", which collected state-of-the-art papers from prominent scientists and active researchers worldwide, a third part of the Special Issue is now available and open for submission.

Dr. Ľuboš Krišťák
Prof. Dr. Réh Roman
Dr. Petar Antov
Dr. Seng Hua Lee
Dr. Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis 
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wood composites
  • fiberboard
  • particleboard
  • plywood
  • OSB
  • laminated beams
  • eco-friendly wood composites
  • lignocellulosic composites
  • reinforced composite structures
  • wood plastic composites
  • adhesive mixtures and their components
  • advanced properties
  • application

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 217 KiB  
Editorial
Application of Wood Composites III
by Seng Hua Lee, Petar Antov, Lubos Kristak, Roman Reh and Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(11), 6712; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13116712 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 750
Abstract
Composite wood materials, also known as engineered wood products, are fabricated from wood veneer, particles, strands, flakes, or fibers that are bonded together with synthetic or renewable, biobased adhesive systems and designed to meet a wide range of structural and non-structural applications [...] [...] Read more.
Composite wood materials, also known as engineered wood products, are fabricated from wood veneer, particles, strands, flakes, or fibers that are bonded together with synthetic or renewable, biobased adhesive systems and designed to meet a wide range of structural and non-structural applications [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Wood Composites III)

Research

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16 pages, 2912 KiB  
Article
Effect of Protective Coatings on Wooden Elements Exposed to a Small Ignition Initiator
by Stanislava Gašpercová, Iveta Marková, Miroslava Vandlíčková, Linda Makovická Osvaldová and Jozef Svetlík
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 3371; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13053371 - 06 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1145
Abstract
This paper presents the results of monitoring the behaviour of selected wood species exposed to a small ignition initiator. We specifically aimed to investigate the effect of retardant coating on the combustion process of the wood species spruce (Picea abies), red [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of monitoring the behaviour of selected wood species exposed to a small ignition initiator. We specifically aimed to investigate the effect of retardant coating on the combustion process of the wood species spruce (Picea abies), red spruce (Larix decidua), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), beech (Fagus sylvatica), and oak (Quercus robur) when exposed to a small initiator of ignition. At the same time, we studied the effect of different types of fungicidal agents (based on N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine; alkyl (C12–16) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride or 3-iodo-prop-2-inylbutylcarbamate) on the effectiveness of a flame retardant (containing ferric phosphate) applied to the selected fungicide-treated wood samples. The experimentally obtained mass-loss and flame-spread results were statistically evaluated using the QtiPlot software program. A significant dependence of mass loss and surface flame spread on wood species was the primary focus. It was only confirmed for the surface-flame-spread variable. The dependence of the effect of fungicide treatment on the effectiveness of the selected retardant was confirmed. Fungicidal coatings with the active ingredient alkyl/benzyl (C12–16) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride indicated the lowest mass loss rate and flame spread for all wood samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Wood Composites III)
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14 pages, 5080 KiB  
Article
Properties of Phenol Formaldehyde-Bonded Layered Laminated Woven Bamboo Mat Boards Made from Gigantochloa scortechinii
by Wan Nur Shasha Najiha Zainal Abidin, Syeed SaifulAzry Osman Al-Edrus, Lee Seng Hua, Muhammad Aizat Abdul Ghani, Balkis Fatomer A. Bakar, Ridzuan Ishak, Fadhlin Qayyum Ahmad Faisal, Fatimah Athiyah Sabaruddin, Lubos Kristak, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Roman Reh and Salim Hiziroglu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 47; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13010047 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1643
Abstract
Bamboo is suitable to be a material for the production of new products that can be used indoors and outdoors. Five-, seven- and nine-ply laminated woven bamboo mat boards from semantan bamboo, Gigantochloa scortechinii, were fabricated in this study. G. scortechinii has [...] Read more.
Bamboo is suitable to be a material for the production of new products that can be used indoors and outdoors. Five-, seven- and nine-ply laminated woven bamboo mat boards from semantan bamboo, Gigantochloa scortechinii, were fabricated in this study. G. scortechinii has been used commercially in a structural application and is easily available in Malaysia. The present work investigated the physico-mechanical properties and flammability of the laminated bamboo mat boards as a function of the number of ply. Phenol-formaldehyde resin was used as a binder. The panels’ density, physical, mechanical properties, formaldehyde emission and flammability were evaluated. As the number of ply increased, the density of the laminated boards decreased. Similarly, the highest modulus of elasticity was found in 5-ply laminated boards. However, the lowest modulus of rupture was also measured in 5-ply laminated boards. Regarding shear strength, 5-ply and 7-ply laminated boards outperformed 9-ply laminated boards. Meanwhile, 7-ply laminated boards exhibited the highest dimensional stability, as evidenced by the lowest water absorption and thickness swelling. In terms of flammability, all composites are classified as V-0 because the burning stops within 10 s and no flaming drips are observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Wood Composites III)
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14 pages, 4430 KiB  
Article
Influence of Ion Implantation on the Wear and Lifetime of Circular Saw Blades in Industrial Production of Wooden Door Frames
by Jacek Wilkowski, Marek Barlak, Zdzisław Kwidziński, Adam Wilczyński, Piotr Filipczuk, Marta Pędzik, Marcin Drewczyński, Jerzy Zagórski, Bogdan Staszkiewicz and Tomasz Rogoziński
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(20), 10211; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122010211 - 11 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1473
Abstract
The paper presents the effect of nitrogen ion implantation on tool wear and tool life during the sawing of wood-based materials in the industrial production of door frames. The circular saw blades used in machining had WC-Co carbide teeth. Saw teeth were modified [...] Read more.
The paper presents the effect of nitrogen ion implantation on tool wear and tool life during the sawing of wood-based materials in the industrial production of door frames. The circular saw blades used in machining had WC-Co carbide teeth. Saw teeth were modified by ion implantation. The total implanted dose of nitrogen ions was 5 × 1017 cm−2 (2 × 2.5 × 1017 cm−2) and ions were implanted at 50 kV acceleration voltage. Tool wear testing was carried out under industrial production conditions for the door frames made of wood-based materials. The wear of circular saw teeth was evaluated under an optical microscope. Based on the tool’s wear and machining distance, a mathematical linear model of the non-treated and ion-implanted tools’ life was developed using the linear least squares method. The study showed less wear of the implanted circular saw blades and a significant increase in the estimated lifetime of modified tools compared to non-treated (control) tools. At the same time, activation of the surface of the implanted circular saw teeth was observed, manifested by an increase in adhesion and the appearance of the secondary structures on the WC-Co surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Wood Composites III)
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13 pages, 2174 KiB  
Article
Impact of Heat Treatment of Spruce Wood on Its Fire-Technical Characteristics Based on Density and the Side Exposed to Fire
by Patrik Mitrenga, Miroslava Vandlíčková, Milan Konárik and Katarína Košútová
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6452; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12136452 - 25 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1498
Abstract
The paper assessed the impact of the heat treatment of spruce wood, the (radial and tangential) side of the specimens exposed to fire, and the type of material (prism—higher density, floor—lower density) on the combustion process and the rate of fire spread. Five [...] Read more.
The paper assessed the impact of the heat treatment of spruce wood, the (radial and tangential) side of the specimens exposed to fire, and the type of material (prism—higher density, floor—lower density) on the combustion process and the rate of fire spread. Five groups of specimens were used—untreated spruce wood specimens, two groups of heat-treated spruce wood specimens from the prism (higher density specimens), and two groups of heat-treated spruce wood specimens from the floor (lower density specimens). In one group, the flame was applied to the radial side, and in the other group to the tangential side of the specimens. The effect on the combustion process was assessed based on the parameters of mass loss and mass loss rate over time. The effect on the rate of fire spread across the specimens was assessed by the parameter fire spread rate. These parameters were determined using a simple test method where the specimens were exposed to a direct flame at an angle of 45°. To complement the results and to assess the processes involved, the temperatures at the specimen surfaces were also measured during the experiment. The main achieved results of the study are the findings on how the heat treatment, the density, and the side of the wood along which the fire spreads affect the burning process of the wood. The results indicated a significant effect of the density of the spruce thermowood on its combustion process. The higher density radial specimens exhibited a higher mass loss rate, and the overall average mass loss of the higher density samples was 27% of the original mass higher than that of the lower density samples. Additionally, the results suggested that the heat treatment of lower-density spruce wood (floor) does not significantly affect the mass loss and the mass loss rate. The difference in the overall average mass loss of the thermowood of floor and untreated wood samples was less than 2%, which is statistically insignificant. It was also found that for thermowood, fire will spread faster on the tangential side, where the fire spread rate is 29% higher compared with the radial side (for the floor samples). Based on the findings of other authors in a similar field, the results confirm that heat-treated spruce wood is more easily ignitable than untreated wood, which was proven by the spontaneous combustion of most of the thermowood samples during the experiment compared with the untreated wood samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Wood Composites III)
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14 pages, 1860 KiB  
Article
The Flow Resistance of the Filter Bags in the Dust Collector Operating in the Line of Wood-Based Furniture Panels Edge Banding
by Czesław Dembiński, Zbigniew Potok, Martin Kučerka, Richard Kminiak, Alena Očkajová and Tomasz Rogoziński
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(11), 5580; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12115580 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1789
Abstract
The article describes the process of forming the wood dust filtration resistance generated during furniture production using the honeycomb board technology in a filtering installation operating in industrial conditions. The influence of the service life of the filter fabric on the filtration resistance [...] Read more.
The article describes the process of forming the wood dust filtration resistance generated during furniture production using the honeycomb board technology in a filtering installation operating in industrial conditions. The influence of the service life of the filter fabric on the filtration resistance values in industrial conditions for one installation and one type of filter fabric was analyzed. For this purpose, filter bags made of one type of filter material were used in an industrial filtering installation at four different times. The results were compared to those previously obtained at the same factory but with a different filter bag type. The analysis was based on the changes in the flow resistance of clean and dust-laden air through the filter fabric used at various times in the filtering installation of the narrow-surface treatment line in a furniture factory. This allowed for the determination of the dynamics and nature of changes in filtration resistance in industrial conditions for wood dust. The values of the dust resistance coefficient depend on the operating time and increased to the level of 20594 [s−1] for material A and from 6412.031 [s−1] to 10128.94 [s−1] for material B. The dimensional characteristics of the filtered dust and the technological conditions under which it was generated were also described. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Wood Composites III)
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