Applied Electronics, Electromagnetics and Manufacturing for Space System and Earth Observations

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Aerospace Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 6372

Special Issue Editors


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Electromagnetic Compatibility and Signal Integrity Laboratory, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Interests: signal and power integrity; electromagnetic compatibility; microwave and millimeter-wave components and systems; antenna design; antenna measurements
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Guest Editor
Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
Interests: space systems for telecommunications and remote sensing; RFID; electromagnetics sensor; phase array antenna design

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Guest Editor
Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro, 24, 00131 Rome, Italy
Interests: microwave design; space equipment technology; RF products architecture

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Guest Editor
Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro, 24, 00131 Rome, Italy
Interests: automatic control; space systems for satellite communication; cybersecurity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Interest in space technologies has continuously increased in recent decades since the first moon landing more than fifty years ago. Current and future space missions aim for basic research in many fields such as physics and biology, together with several other objectives and applications such as weather forecast, disaster management, remote sensing, geo-positioning, navigation, television and telecommunication. Since space technology and satellite-based applications are becoming ubiquitous, with a strong impact on our daily lives, most countries are involved in the development of innovative solutions and capabilities for space applications, led by both governments, as well as private enterprises. Such worldwide interest in space technology represents an ever-growing opportunity for innovation and the research of electronic systems for space, aimed at exploiting higher integration, faster processing, lower power consumption to be applied for improving the effectiveness of current applications, as well as to develop innovative solutions and new services.

Several disciplines are involved in realizing and developing innovative solutions, ranging from electronics to semiconductor technology, from system integration to electromagnetic analysis for antennae and interconnect design, from manufacturing and material technologies to mechanical and thermal management. Such disciplines become more often interdependent on each other, especially when applying constraints and requirements relevant to space systems such as mass, costs, power consumption.

More specifically, the development of future platform systems (i.e. telemetry, tracking and command, electrical power distribution, thermal control, sensors networks) and, even more importantly, typical payload equipment (i.e. GNSS, telecommunications systems, Earth observation, as a few examples among many others) involves the design of challenging electronic devices and systems, such as high-power RF amplifiers and antennae, transmitters and receivers, low noise amplifiers, radiometers, microwave instruments etc…

Attention of this Special Issue is paid, but not limited to, new technologies for aerospace industry, sensors, antenna, chip and associated signal conditioning for aerospace, electromagnetic compatibility and measurement for aerospace.

The aim of this Special Issue is focused on the study, design and manufacturing of all aspects of electronics and electromagnetics space systems.

Topics for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Antennas, RF/microwave systems, and propagation;
  • Communication, navigation systems and technologies;
  • Manufacturing technologies for space electronics;
  • Observation systems and technologies;
  • Electronics for space applications;
  • Terahertz and millimeter wave devices.

Submissions in the form of full-length articles, reviews, communications and mini-reviews on applied electronics, electromagnetics and manufacturing for space system and earth observations, are encouraged for submission.

Prof. Dr. Francesco de Paulis
Prof. Dr. Alessandro Di Carlofelice
Dr. Giovanni Mannocchi
Dr. Andrea Fiaschetti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3417 KiB  
Article
Nonuniform Background Correction for Wide-Field Surveillance Camera
by Dali Zhou and Xiaodong Wang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2594; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13042594 - 17 Feb 2023
Viewed by 886
Abstract
Space environment surveillance is very important for space security, which is easy to be disturbed by stray light and hot pixels, and the image background presents a certain degree of nonuniformity. The existing methods can not achieve the accurate segmentation of weak targets [...] Read more.
Space environment surveillance is very important for space security, which is easy to be disturbed by stray light and hot pixels, and the image background presents a certain degree of nonuniformity. The existing methods can not achieve the accurate segmentation of weak targets while correcting the nonuniform background. To solve this problem, this paper presents an accurate and robust correction method for the wide-field surveillance camera, called the enhanced new top-hat transform (ENTHT). Firstly, we analyze the formation mechanism and influence of the nonuniformity background from multiple dimensions. Secondly, because of the dependence and limitations of the background suppression effect of the new top-hat transform on the selection of structural elements, we improve the new top-hat transform by designing a noise structure element (NSE). Finally, we analyze the performance and advantages of the ENTHT method. In the field experiment, the method can accurately correct the complex space nonuniform background, eliminate the stray light and hot pixels, and realize the accurate segmentation of weak targets. In the complex space environment, it brings great help to space-moving target recognition and tracking. Full article
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15 pages, 5431 KiB  
Article
Highly Integrated Wideband Transmit/Receive Module for X-Band SAR Applications
by Francesco de Paulis, Daniele Di Giuliomaria, Antonio Fina, Marco Amici, Giovanni Mannocchi, Alessandro Di Carlofelice, Andrea Fiaschetti, Piero Tognolatti and Antonio Orlandi
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 801; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13020801 - 06 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1803
Abstract
The roadmaps of satellite-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems show a trend that requires a continuous improvement of the active antenna in terms of operating bandwidth, scanning angle capability, and swath width, thus leading to the demand for increased RF power and better [...] Read more.
The roadmaps of satellite-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems show a trend that requires a continuous improvement of the active antenna in terms of operating bandwidth, scanning angle capability, and swath width, thus leading to the demand for increased RF power and better power efficiency of the RF transmitter. Moreover, compact size and light weight are relevant objectives for making the overall SAR instrument appealing for future applications. The transmit/receive module (TRM) shown in this paper was developed while combining all these requirements in a cost-effective approach. A careful design of all relevant RF interconnects and passive devices was performed to ensure the largest output power from the last high-power amplifier of the transmitting chain, the lowest noise figure at the input of the receiving chain, and the calibration capability for appropriately tuning the TX and RX signal. The TRM was manufactured and experimentally tested to verify its performances. The measurement results show the superior performances of the proposed compact high-power large-bandwidth TRM. The achieved target objectives make the design of the proposed TRM readily applicable for the development of a compact, high-power, and highly integrated AESAs to be used for next-generation satellite constellations for Earth observation. Full article
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13 pages, 11954 KiB  
Article
A Numerical Procedure to Design a UWB Aperture-Coupled Microstrip Antenna Suitable for Space Applications
by Alessandro DiCarlofelice, Emidio DiGiampaolo and Piero Tognolatti
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 11243; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122111243 - 06 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1293
Abstract
In this paper, we show a dual-polarized ultra-wideband aperture-coupled microstrip antennae (ACMA) to be used in space missions such as CubeSat Ka-band applications. We also report the specific developed design procedure, which is distinguished from other design procedures by minimizing the complexity of [...] Read more.
In this paper, we show a dual-polarized ultra-wideband aperture-coupled microstrip antennae (ACMA) to be used in space missions such as CubeSat Ka-band applications. We also report the specific developed design procedure, which is distinguished from other design procedures by minimizing the complexity of construction, since it utilizes a simple multilayer structure without interlayer interconnections or inclusions. This design procedure develops an architecture for ACMA with the main objective of minimizing costs in large-scale production. The design starts from assigned specifications in terms of fractional bandwidth constrained to be larger than 40%, return loss better than 10 dB, and polarization purity and polarization isolation better than 25 dB, using materials with adequate ohmic and dielectric losses. A frequency-scaled prototype has been also designed, realized, and measured. Good agreement between the simulation and measurement results has been obtained. Full article
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10 pages, 1791 KiB  
Article
Effect of Terahertz Antenna Radiation in Hypersonic Plasma Sheaths with Different Vehicle Shapes
by Ziyang Zhao, Bo Bai, Kai Yuan, Rongxin Tang, Jiawei Xiong and Kaili Wang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 1811; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12041811 - 10 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1631
Abstract
Communication blackout caused by the plasma sheath surrounding hypersonic vehicles is a serious threat to the safety of hypersonic vehicles. Terahertz (THz) communication is considered to be a potential solution to the blackout problem. However, hypersonic plasma sheaths can affect not only electromagnetic [...] Read more.
Communication blackout caused by the plasma sheath surrounding hypersonic vehicles is a serious threat to the safety of hypersonic vehicles. Terahertz (THz) communication is considered to be a potential solution to the blackout problem. However, hypersonic plasma sheaths can affect not only electromagnetic wave propagation, but also the radiation performance of onboard antennae. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the radiation performance of THz antennae in hypersonic plasma sheaths. In the present study, the impact of vehicle shapes (blunt-coned and sharp-coned vehicles) on plasma sheaths was investigated numerically. The antenna involved in the present study was a 0.14 THz array antenna. The antenna performance was compared with the aspects of mainlobe gain, mainlobe direction, and mainlobe width. The present study shows that both sharp-coned and blunt-coned plasma sheaths are inhomogeneous. Nevertheless, their structures are obviously different. Such differences yield different antenna performance in sharp-coned and blunt-coned plasma sheaths. Compared with sharp-coned plasma sheaths, blunt-coned plasma sheaths can refract antenna radiation direction, which can result in worsened communication quality in the expected direction. In addition, the phenomena are discussed in detail. Suggestions of vehicle shape design to guarantee communication quality in hypersonic flight missions are proposed. Full article
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