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Applied Sciences
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Armour and Protection Systems, Volume II
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Armour and Protection Systems, Volume II

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 11380
Related Special Issue: Armour and Protection Systems

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mariana Paulino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
Interests: impact and dynamics; armour and protection systems; crashworthiness; finite element analysis and simulation; computational mechanics; sheet metal forming processes; material constitutive behavior
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Filipe Teixeira-Dias

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Infrastructure and Environment (IIE), School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
Interests: computational and applied mechanics; impulsive dynamics; structural dynamics; materials, structures and systems for energy absorption; armour and protection systems; sports impact and human bio-dynamics, crashworthiness, numerical and analytical methods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Protective structures and systems – including armour systems, vehicle and personal protection, sports protection gear, energy absorbing devices, etc. – are an integral part of modern life and essential in ensuring the safety and well-being of the world’s population. Due to the constant evolution of possible impact scenarios, research into innovative systems is paramount, albeit often a complex task due to impact-related (threat) unknowns, such as the kinetic energy, the dominant energy dissipation mechanisms, etc. This Special Issue aims at disseminating the latest research achievements and findings related to energy absorbing materials, systems and structures, in the scope of armour and protection materials, structures and systems. Papers are welcome on topics related to the theory, testing, modelling, design and applications of armour and protection systems. This includes, but is not limited to:

  • Crashworthiness and passenger protection in transport systems
  • Personal protective gear and impact in sports
  • Energy absorbing materials and structures
  • Computational techniques and modelling approaches
  • Testing and experimental techniques
  • Multi-scale approaches for energy absorption
  • Analytical methods
  • Blast and shock wave mitigation
  • Terminal ballistics and impact

Dr. Mariana Paulino
Dr. Filipe Teixeira-Dias
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • impulsive dynamics
  • armour and protection systems
  • energy absorption
  • ballistic impact
  • terminal ballistics
  • blast and shock waves
  • crashworthiness
  • personal protection
  • sports impact

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

34 pages, 13769 KiB  
Article
Efficiency of Different Cage Armour Systems
by Frederik Coghe
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 5064; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12105064 - 17 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6143
Abstract
Cage armour systems have been in use since the 1960s and are still being used extensively on many armoured vehicles up to this day to offer protection against mainly a number of RPG-7 shaped charge warheads. Nevertheless, many misunderstandings still exist up to [...] Read more.
Cage armour systems have been in use since the 1960s and are still being used extensively on many armoured vehicles up to this day to offer protection against mainly a number of RPG-7 shaped charge warheads. Nevertheless, many misunderstandings still exist up to this day as well as regarding their working principle as regarding their actual efficiency. This article will start by exploring the origins of the current cage armour systems and by explaining the working principle behind them. This will be followed by the development of a methodology to calculate the efficiency of different types of cage armour systems (slat, bar, net and inertial distributed weight systems) as a function of impact conditions for a specific RPG-7 shaped charge warhead. The results of the developed methodology will be compared to experimental results for four different cage armour systems, in order to validate the followed approach. It will then be applied to different cage armour systems in order to calculate their overall ballistic and mass efficiency as a function of the impact angle. The analysis will finally be refined taking into account the likely impact conditions for an RPG-7 shaped charge warhead, based on a simple trajectory model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Armour and Protection Systems, Volume II)
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12 pages, 2175 KiB  
Article
Effects of Including a Penetration Test in Motorcyclist Helmet Standards: Influence on Helmet Stiffness and Impact Performance
by Óscar Juste-Lorente, Mario Maza, Ana Piqueras, Ana I. Lorente and Francisco J. López-Valdés
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(5), 2455; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12052455 - 26 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2224
Abstract
Regulation ECE-22.05/06 does not require a helmet penetration test. Penetration testing is controversial since it has been shown that it may cause the helmet to behave in a non-desirable stiff way in real-world crashes. This study aimed to assess the effect of the [...] Read more.
Regulation ECE-22.05/06 does not require a helmet penetration test. Penetration testing is controversial since it has been shown that it may cause the helmet to behave in a non-desirable stiff way in real-world crashes. This study aimed to assess the effect of the penetration test in the impact performance of helmets. Twenty full-face motorcycle helmets were penetration tested at multiple locations of the helmet shell. Then, 10 helmets were selected and split into two groups (hard shell and soft shell) depending on the results of the penetration tests. These 10 helmets were then drop tested at front, lateral, and top areas at two different impact speeds (5 m/s and 8.2 m/s) to assess their impact performance against head injuries. The statistical analyses did not show any significant difference between the two groups (hard/soft shell) at 5 m/s. Similar results were observed at 8.2 m/s, except for the top area of the helmet in which the peak linear acceleration was significantly higher for the soft shell group than for the hard shell group (230 ± 12 g vs. 211 ± 11 g; p-value = 0.038). The results of this study suggest that a stiffer shell does not necessarily cause helmets to behave in a stiffer way when striking rigid flat surfaces. These experiments also showed that hard shell helmets can provide better protection at higher impact speeds without damaging helmet performance at lower impact speeds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Armour and Protection Systems, Volume II)
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21 pages, 2999 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Headform/Helmet Friction on Head Impact Biomechanics in Oblique Impacts at Different Tangential Velocities
by Óscar Juste-Lorente, Mario Maza, Mathieu Piccand and Francisco J. López-Valdés
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11318; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112311318 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2219
Abstract
Oblique impacts of the helmet against the ground are the most frequent scenarios in real-world motorcycle crashes. The combination of two factors that largely affect the results of oblique impact tests are discussed in this work. This study aims to quantify the effect [...] Read more.
Oblique impacts of the helmet against the ground are the most frequent scenarios in real-world motorcycle crashes. The combination of two factors that largely affect the results of oblique impact tests are discussed in this work. This study aims to quantify the effect of the friction at the interface between the headform and the interior of a motorcycle helmet at different magnitudes of tangential velocity. The helmeted headform, with low friction and high friction surface of the headform, was dropped against three oblique anvils at different impact velocities resulting in three different magnitudes of the tangential velocity (3.27 m/s, 5.66 m/s, 8.08 m/s) with the same normal component of the impact velocity (5.66 m/s). Three impact directions (front, left-side and right-side) and three repetitions per impact condition were tested resulting in 54 impacts. Tangential velocity variation showed little effect on the linear acceleration results. On the contrary, the rotational results showed that the effect of the headform’s surface depends on the magnitude of the tangential velocity and on the impact direction. These results indicate that a combination of low friction with low tangential velocities may result into underprediction of the rotational headform variables that would not be representative of real-world conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Armour and Protection Systems, Volume II)
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