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Applied Sciences
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Automobile Energy Harvesting Technologies
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Automobile Energy Harvesting Technologies

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2021) | Viewed by 11222

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yon-Do Chun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electric Machines and Drives Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Korea
Interests: energy harvesting; shock absorbers; electric propulsion system; electric vehicles; automobile generators
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The number of electric vehicles (EVs) is significantly increasing today, and at this rate, it is expected that the number of electric cars on the road could be as high as 200 million in 2030. However, the major challenge is cost due to expensive but low specific energy battery. In addition to developing cutting-edge battery technology, self-powered vehicle or automobile energy harvesting has also gained tremendous attention for the past two decades. Harvestable energy is stored in batteries for use when needed, hence extending the driving hour of EVs.

The Special Issue will collect papers from authors with professional experience in “Automobile Energy Harvesting Technologies”. Submissions to the Special Issue may address the following, or related, topics:

  • Regenerative braking technology;
  • Vehicle thermal energy harvesting;
  • Vibrational energy harvesting (from suspension systems or road);
  • Piezoelectric energy harvesting.

All submissions will undergo the regular peer review and editorial procedures followed by the journal. We look forward to your contributions and remain open to any questions you may have.

Dr. Yon-Do Chun
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • energy harvesting
  • regenerative braking
  • thermal energy harvesting
  • electromagnetic shock absorber
  • piezoelectric energy harvesting

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 28966 KiB  
Article
Structural Analysis, Phase Stability, Electronic Band Structures, and Electric Transport Types of (Bi2)m(Bi2Te3)n by Density Functional Theory Calculations
by Sungjin Park, Byungki Ryu and SuDong Park
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11341; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112311341 - 30 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1597
Abstract
Thermoelectric power generation is a promising candidate for automobile energy harvesting technologies because it is eco-friendly and durable owing to direct power conversion from automobile waste heat. Because Bi−Te systems are well-known thermoelectric materials, research on (Bi2)m(Bi2Te [...] Read more.
Thermoelectric power generation is a promising candidate for automobile energy harvesting technologies because it is eco-friendly and durable owing to direct power conversion from automobile waste heat. Because Bi−Te systems are well-known thermoelectric materials, research on (Bi2)m(Bi2Te3)n homologous series can aid the development of efficient thermoelectric materials. However, to the best of our knowledge, (Bi2)m(Bi2Te3)n has been studied through experimental synthesis and measurements only. Therefore, we performed density functional theory calculations of nine members of (Bi2)m(Bi2Te3)n to investigate their structure, phase stability, and electronic band structures. From our calculations, although the total energies of all nine phases are slightly higher than their convex hulls, they can be metastable owing to their very small energy differences. The electric transport types of (Bi2)m(Bi2Te3)n do not change regardless of the exchange–correlation functionals, which cause tiny changes in the atomic structures, phase stabilities, and band structures. Additionally, only two phases (Bi8Te9, BiTe) became semimetallic or semiconducting depending on whether spin–orbit interactions were included in our calculations, and the electric transport types of the other phases were unchanged. As a result, it is expected that Bi2Te3, Bi8Te9, and BiTe are candidates for thermoelectric materials for automobile energy harvesting technologies because they are semiconducting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Automobile Energy Harvesting Technologies)
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12 pages, 1833 KiB  
Article
Properties of Car-Embedded Vibrating Type Piezoelectric Harvesting System
by Bo-Gun Koo, Dong-Jin Shin, Dong-Hwan Lim, Min-Soo Kim, In-Sung Kim and Soon-Jong Jeong
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7449; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11167449 - 13 Aug 2021
Viewed by 1368
Abstract
We investigated the harvesting performance of a double piezoelectric generator, which was embedded into the engine block of a small passenger car. The resonance frequency is approximately between 37 and 52 Hz, where the cantilever showed maximum displacement. In reality, the cantilever has [...] Read more.
We investigated the harvesting performance of a double piezoelectric generator, which was embedded into the engine block of a small passenger car. The resonance frequency is approximately between 37 and 52 Hz, where the cantilever showed maximum displacement. In reality, the cantilever has a vibrating characteristic, which dramatically reduces displacement, even when the operating frequency deviates slightly from the resonance frequency. To acquire a large mechanical energy-to-electrical energy conversion, a multiple-piezoelectric generator was employed to absorb the energy even when the vibration switched from a resonance to a non-resonance frequency. In this study, a variable mass box was designed and installed in the engine block of a car. The variable mass box consisted of the serial connection of two masses with different weights. The operating frequency deviated from a resonance to a non-resonance frequency within a few hertz (3~4 Hz); the reduction in vibration was lower, leading to a significant acquisition of the resulting power. This is due to the variable matching of the generator, realized by the action of dual mass. This type of generator was installed in the engine block and produced up to 0.038 and 0.357 mW when the engine was operating at 2200 and 3200 rpm, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Automobile Energy Harvesting Technologies)
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18 pages, 10270 KiB  
Article
Shock-Absorber Rotary Generator for Automotive Vibration Energy Harvesting
by Tae Dong Kim and Jin Ho Kim
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6599; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10186599 - 21 Sep 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6043
Abstract
The vibration energy derived from vehicle movement over a road surface was first converted to rotational energy during vehicle operation by installing blades in the suspension system. The rotational energy was converted to electrical energy using the rotational energy as the input value [...] Read more.
The vibration energy derived from vehicle movement over a road surface was first converted to rotational energy during vehicle operation by installing blades in the suspension system. The rotational energy was converted to electrical energy using the rotational energy as the input value of the rotary generator. The vibrations from the road’s surface were analyzed using CarSim-Simulink. The blades’ characteristics were analyzed using ANSYS Fluent. The T–ω curve was derived, and the power generation of the rotary generator was verified using the commercial electromagnetic analysis program, ANSYS MAXWELL. For high power generation, the design was optimized using PIAnO (process integration, automation, and optimization), a PIDO (process integration and design optimization) tool. The amount of power generation was 59.4562 W, which was a 122.47% increase compared to the initial model. The remaining problems were analyzed, and further studies were performed. This paper proposes the applicability and development direction of suspension with energy harvesting by installing blades on suspension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Automobile Energy Harvesting Technologies)
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14 pages, 4348 KiB  
Article
Force Reduction in a Short-Stroke Vibration Tubular Generator for Vehicle Energy Harvesting Application
by Minh-Trung Duong, Yves Perriard and Yon-Do Chun
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(17), 5847; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10175847 - 24 Aug 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1489
Abstract
This paper examines methods to reduce the detent force and electromagnetic force in a short-stroke vibration tubular generator used to harvest energy from a vehicle suspension system but still achieve the design targets of power and power density. A well-known skewing permanent magnet [...] Read more.
This paper examines methods to reduce the detent force and electromagnetic force in a short-stroke vibration tubular generator used to harvest energy from a vehicle suspension system but still achieve the design targets of power and power density. A well-known skewing permanent magnet approach and a novel approach named the unbalanced model (or moving teeth arrangement) were considered. A multi-objective optimization-based response surface method was also investigated. The results from 2D and 3D finite element analyses (FEA) revealed that when the permanent magnet array in the proposed machine was skewed by 45°, the detent force decreased by 13.1%. When parts of the slot were shifted by the same angle (45°), the unbalanced model could even reduce detent force by 32.7%. However, output power and power density also decreased accordingly. Among these approaches, multi-objective optimization, which can find the trade-off between various physical responses, seemed to be the best solution. A prototype based on an optimal design was fabricated, tested and its behavior was in excellent agreement with the FEA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Automobile Energy Harvesting Technologies)
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