Novel Insight into Mechanisms of Bioactive Compounds and Its Use in the Prevention and Treatment of Thromboinflammation

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2022) | Viewed by 5427

Special Issue Editor

Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
Interests: clinical and translational research; free radicals and oxidative stress; inflammation and microglia; neuroregeneration and neurodegeneration; novel drug development (bioactive and chemical synthesis) for treatment of stroke; pathological mechanisms; platelet activation and arterial thrombosis; hyperlipidemia and vascular diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The close connection between inflammatory and thrombotic processes is presumed to have an evolutionary origin, as injuries need both an efficient hemostasis and an inflammatory immune response against entering pathogens. Behind vasoconstriction, platelets are the first immunomodulatory cells at the side of injury closing damaged blood vessels by aggregation and forming a thrombus. Thus, platelets promote inflammatory activity by an intimate crosstalk with leukocytes: in the case of vascular injury, neutrophils or monocytes are suggested to interact with endothelium-adherent platelets. Thus, platelets coordinate the inflammatory response by controlling the additional adhesion of innate immune cells to the inflamed endothelium, which is considered serious for the atherosclerotic disease process. For example, macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion is enhanced following interaction with activated platelets, proposing that the presence of activated platelets at sites of inflammation aggravates pro-inflammatory macrophage activation. The diversity of platelet receptors contributing to platelet interactions reveals various interesting targets within the context of platelet-mediated inflammation. Since a broad range of recent experimental methodologies indicate that platelets contribute to the pathogenesis of stroke-associated inflammation, the targeting of inhibiting mechanisms, which is involved in platelet activation, thromboembolism and its related inflammation is important to prevent thromboinflammatory diseases. Although many natural phytomedicine with potent anti-inflammatory properties have been noted as reasonable approaches for clinical trials, inadequate effort has been directed towards finding the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy against thromboinflammatory events. Therefore, we invite authors to contribute their original research as well as review articles focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms of natural or synthetic bioactives on antithrombotic and inflammatory responses.

Potential topics include but are not limited to:

  • Antiplatelet and antithrombotic mechanism of bioactive compounds;
  • anti-inflammatory role and therapeutic mechanism of natural bioactives;
  • the neuroprotective role of bioactive substances.

Prof. Dr. Joen-Rong Sheu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • bioactive compounds
  • phytomedicines
  • antiplatelet
  • thromboinflammation
  • neuroprotection

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2809 KiB  
Article
Metformin Serves as a Novel Drug Treatment for Arterial Thrombosis: Inhibitory Mechanisms on Collagen-Induced Human Platelet Activation
by Yi Chang, Wei-Chieh Huang, Chia-Yuan Hsu, Chih-Wei Hsia, Thanasekaran Jayakumar, Cheng-Ying Hsieh, Wan-Jung Lu and Chao-Chien Chang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7426; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12157426 - 24 Jul 2022
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Abstract
Metformin is widely used as first-line medication for type 2 diabetes (T2D), the main disease comorbid with kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and retinopathy. Platelets are crucial in platelet-dependent arterial thrombosis, which causes CVDs and cerebrovascular diseases. Research indicates that metformin may improve [...] Read more.
Metformin is widely used as first-line medication for type 2 diabetes (T2D), the main disease comorbid with kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and retinopathy. Platelets are crucial in platelet-dependent arterial thrombosis, which causes CVDs and cerebrovascular diseases. Research indicates that metformin may improve these diseases; metformin reportedly reduced platelet activation in rats. However, no reports have included human platelets. We investigated the mechanisms underlying metformin’s effects on platelet activation by using human platelets and evaluated its in vivo effectiveness in experimental mice. Metformin inhibited platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen but not by arachidonic acid, U46619, or thrombin. Metformin suppressed ATP release, [Ca2+]i mobilization, and P-selectin expression, as well as phospholipase C (PLC)γ2/protein kinase C (PKC), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation. Metformin did not affect vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation. In the animal studies, metformin reduced acute pulmonary thromboembolism mortality without increasing bleeding times. These results provide insights into the role and mechanisms of metformin in human platelet activation. Metformin decreased platelet activation by interfering with the PLCγ2/PKC, PI3K/Akt/GSK3β, and p38 MAPK pathways through a VASP-independent mechanism. Metformin demonstrates promise as a new class of antiplatelet agent that can inhibit platelet activation. Full article
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13 pages, 653 KiB  
Article
The Association between Influenza Vaccination and Stroke Risk in Patients with Hypertension: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
by Cheng-Hsin Lin, Chun-Chih Chiu, Tsung-Yeh Yang, Yu-Ann Fang, Meng-Huan Lei, Hsien-Tang Yeh, Chun-Chao Chen, Wen-Rui Hao, Chung-Hsien Kuo and Ju-Chi Liu
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(8), 4074; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12084074 - 18 Apr 2022
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Abstract
There is evidence of strong association between influenza infections and stroke; however, the influenza vaccination and its effect on strokes is currently unclear. In the present study, Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Database was used in obtaining data for study subjects 55 years and [...] Read more.
There is evidence of strong association between influenza infections and stroke; however, the influenza vaccination and its effect on strokes is currently unclear. In the present study, Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Database was used in obtaining data for study subjects 55 years and older diagnosed with hypertension (n = 59,251; 25,266 vaccinated and 33,985 unvaccinated subjects) from 2001–2012. Propensity scores were calculated using a logistic regression model to determine the effects of vaccination by accounting for covariates that predict receiving the intervention (vaccine). A time-dependent Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for stroke in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Influenza vaccination was associated with a 42%, 40% and 44% stroke risk reduction in the entire cohort for all seasons, the influenza season and the non-influenza season, respectively (Adjust hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56–0.61; aHR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.56–0.63; aHR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.52–0.60, for all seasons, the influenza season and the non-influenza season, respectively). The effect of risk reduction by vaccination also revealed a trend of dose dependency. Among subjects between 55 to 64 years old with four or more vaccinations during the study period, there is a 73% risk reduction for stroke during the non-influenza season (aHR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.20–0.34). In conclusion, the influenza vaccination exerts dose-dependent and synergistic protective effects against stroke in individuals 55 years and older with hypertension. Full article
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Review

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10 pages, 1958 KiB  
Review
Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Novel Synthetic Ruthenium Compounds
by Thanasekaran Jayakumar, Joen-Rong Sheu, Chih-Wei Hsia, Periyakali Saravana Bhavan and Chao-Chien Chang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10092; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112110092 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1457
Abstract
Inflammation is the primary biological reaction to induce severe infection or injury in the immune system. Control of different inflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide (NO), interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor alpha-(TNF-α), noncytokine mediator, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and [...] Read more.
Inflammation is the primary biological reaction to induce severe infection or injury in the immune system. Control of different inflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide (NO), interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor alpha-(TNF-α), noncytokine mediator, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), facilitates anti-inflammatory effect of different substances. Coordination metal complexes have been applied as metallo-drugs. Several metal complexes have found to possess potent biological activities, especially anticancer, cardioprotective, chondroprotective and anti-parasitosis activities. Among the metallo drugs, ruthenium-based (Ru) complexes have paid much attention in clinical applications. Despite the kinetic nature of Ru complexes is similar to platinum in terms of cell division events, their toxic effect is lower than that of cisplatin. This paper reviews the anti-inflammatory effect of novel synthetic Ru complexes with potential molecular mechanisms that are actively involved. Full article
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