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9 pages, 1723 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Anticancer Efficacy of Antibacterial Quinobenzothiazines

by Ewa Kisiel-Nawrot, Malgorzata Latocha, Andrzej Bak, Violetta Kozik, Josef Jampilek and Andrzej Zieba

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 2886; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13052886 - 23 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1042

Abstract

The antitumor potency of a series of designed and prepared antibacterial quinobenzothiazines was evaluated against different types of human cancer cell lines, such as glioblastoma SNB-19, lung adenocarcinoma A549 and breast cancer T47D, and the activities of the compounds were compared to cisplatin [...] Read more.

The antitumor potency of a series of designed and prepared antibacterial quinobenzothiazines was evaluated against different types of human cancer cell lines, such as glioblastoma SNB-19, lung adenocarcinoma A549 and breast cancer T47D, and the activities of the compounds were compared to cisplatin and doxorubicin. 9-Propoxy-5-methyl-12H-quino[3,4-b][1,4]benzo- thiazinium chloride (4a), 9-allyloxy-5-methyl-12H-quino[3,4-b][1,4]benzothiazinium chloride (4d) and 11-benzyloxy-5-methyl-12H-quino[3,4-b][1,4]benzothiazinium chloride (4l) were the most active compounds; their IC₅₀ values against all three cell lines ranged from 5.3 to 9.3 µM. The effective derivatives showed no cytotoxic effect up to 100 µM on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). To explore the structure–activity relationship, the effect of the type/nature and position of the substituents on the tetracyclic quinobenzothiazine system on the anticancer activity was investigated. Additionally, the receptor-dependent approach was used to specify the mutual ligand–enzyme (bio)compositions that might be potentially valid for the antitumor characteristics of new quinobenzothiazine derivatives. In particular, the molecular docking procedure was applied for the most potent agents against the human breast cancer line T47D in order to obtain comprehensive knowledge about the aromatase–inhibitor binding mode. The docking study revealed that some regularities in the spatial atomic distribution and nonbonding interactions (e.g., hydrophobic patterns) can be observed for the most active molecules. The surface of the electron-rich aromatic rings of 4d and 4l molecules could also contribute to π–π stacking interactions with protoporphyrin IX (HEM) as well as to the formation of π–cation interactions with the adjacent iron cofactor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Synthesis and Application)

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16 pages, 3671 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Synthetized Selenium Nanoparticles Using Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Extract Reduce Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Epilepsy and Associated Cortical Damage in Rats

by Mohamed S. Othman, Sofian T. Obeidat, Ghada M. Aleid, Amal H. Al-Bagawi, Mohamed A. Fareid, Reda Abdel Hameed, Kareem M. Mohamed, Mohamed S. Abdelfattah, Alaa Fehaid, Manal M. Hussein, Shimaa M. H. Aboelnaga and Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 1050; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13021050 - 12 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1890

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the potential anticonvulsant effect of green synthetized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using Syzygium aromaticum extract (SAE) (SAE-SeNPs) against epileptic seizures and cortical damage induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection in rats and its mechanism. A total of 84 rats were divided [...] Read more.

We aimed to investigate the potential anticonvulsant effect of green synthetized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using Syzygium aromaticum extract (SAE) (SAE-SeNPs) against epileptic seizures and cortical damage induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection in rats and its mechanism. A total of 84 rats were divided into six groups; control, PTZ-exposed group, SAE + PTZ-treated group, sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) + PTZ-treated group, SAE-SeNPs + PTZ-treated group, and diazepam + PTZ-treated group. SAE-SeNPs significantly increase (p < 0.05) the latency time to seizures and reduce both the seizure duration and death rate, which were enhanced by the PTZ injection. SAE-SeNPs counteracted the PTZ-induced changes in the oxidants and antioxidants. Furthermore, SAE-SeNPs significantly restored (p < 0.05) the pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) to their normal levels and suppressed the activity of the glial fibrillary acidic protein showing their inhibitory effect on the epilepsy-associated inflammation. In addition, SAE-SeNPs significantly reduced (p < 0.05) PTZ-induced cortical cell apoptosis, as revealed by a reduction in the pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3 levels, and an elevation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 level. Moreover, SAE-SeNPs significantly modulate (p < 0.05) the PTZ-induced changes in the neurotransmitter norepinephrine level and acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity. These data concluded the anticonvulsant activity of SAE-SeNPs via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, along with their ability to modulate neurotransmitters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Synthesis and Application)

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9 pages, 2174 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Repetitive Bacterial Disinfection of Respirators by Polydopamine Coating

by Yuri Jeong and Kyueui Lee

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(17), 8710; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12178710 - 30 Aug 2022

Viewed by 2024

Abstract

To solve the current and future mask shortage problems, developing methods of disinfecting respirators is essential, where none of the existing methods have been successfully utilized until recently. Herein, we introduce a novel method of conferring antibacterial activity to the main filtering material [...] Read more.

To solve the current and future mask shortage problems, developing methods of disinfecting respirators is essential, where none of the existing methods have been successfully utilized until recently. Herein, we introduce a novel method of conferring antibacterial activity to the main filtering material (i.e., polypropylene (PP)) of a respirator through sequential polydopamine (PDA) coatings. Two-step dip-coating in dopamine solution, which corresponds to one complete cycle, produces stable PDA films at the interface of the filtering material, which subsequently locally generates H₂O₂ that can be further transformed into hydroxyl radicals to inactivate pathogens. Specifically, the primary dip-coating creates a scaffold PDA film that acts as a mechanical support, and anchoring dopamine, which substantially produces H₂O₂, is immobilized to the scaffold PDA during the subsequent secondary dip-coating process. The antibacterial activity was confirmed by bacterial tests using Escherichia coli. In short, the number of colonies after incubation of the polypropylene filter with and without the PDA coating in the bacterial solution was compared. The number of bacteria in the PDA-coated sample (0.54 × 10⁹ CFU/mL·cm²) was significantly reduced compared to that in the original PP sample (0.81 × 10⁹ CFU/mL·cm²), demonstrating a positive relationship with the H₂O₂ production. Moreover, this antibacterial ability can be maintained by simply utilizing additional PDA coatings, suggesting that the respirators can be recycled. Finally, the in vitro cytotoxicity was confirmed by the CCK-8 assay, which demonstrated that the PDA-coated PP filter is biocompatible. We believe that the newly proposed method for disinfection of respirators may substitute conventional methods and can be used to alleviate the mask shortage problem. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Synthesis and Application)

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11 pages, 2237 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Sundew-Inspired Adhesive Hydrogel Threads through Reversible Complexation of Polyphenol and Boronic Acid

by Jae Hyuk Choi, Donghee Son and Mikyung Shin

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8591; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11188591 - 16 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2384

Abstract

Adhesive hydrogels have been utilized as tissue sealants, hemostatic agents, and wound dressings, with the aim of replacing conventional sutures. To prevent immune response and serious inflammation from those hydrogels after sealing, natural biocompatible polysaccharides are widely used as a component of the [...] Read more.

Adhesive hydrogels have been utilized as tissue sealants, hemostatic agents, and wound dressings, with the aim of replacing conventional sutures. To prevent immune response and serious inflammation from those hydrogels after sealing, natural biocompatible polysaccharides are widely used as a component of the hydrogels. However, the weak mechanical strength, insufficient adhesiveness, and rapid dissociation of the hydrogels necessitates additional suturing at the wound site. In this study, we report on a solid polysaccharide thread reversibly crosslinked with boronic acid-polyphenol complexation and its adhesive gelation for complete tissue sealing without additional suturing. The polysaccharide adhesive suture threads demonstrated long-term stability, which is useful when used for skin wound suturing. Specifically, their robust adhesion property occurred as soon as the threads were soaked, attaining a swollen hydrogel state, dependent on the presence of body fluids after suturing. Moreover, the pH of the body fluids affects the viscoelasticity and adhesiveness of the hydrogels in order to ensure a tight sealing. Therefore, we expect that these pH-responsive adhesive threads would be promising for the development of on-demand functional suture materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Synthesis and Application)

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17 pages, 8891 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Analysis of Engine Performance and Exhaust Pollutant on a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Operated Using Moringa Oleifera Biodiesel

by Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Haris Mahmood Khan, T. M. Yunus Khan, Luqman Razzaq, Tahir Asif, M. A. Mujtaba, Abrar Hussain, Muhammad Farooq, Waqar Ahmed, Kiran Shahapurkar, Azham Alwi, T. M. Ibrahim, Usama Ishtiaq, Ashraf Elfasakhany, Maughal Ahmed Ali Baig, Mohammad Shahab Goodarzi and Mohammad Reza Safaei

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(15), 7071; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11157071 - 30 Jul 2021

Cited by 47 | Viewed by 3615

Abstract

In this investigation, biodiesel was produced from Moringa oleifera oil through a transesterification process at operating conditions including a reaction temperature of 60 °C, catalyst concentration of 1% wt., reaction time of 2 h, stirring speed of 1000 rpm and methanol to oil [...] Read more.

In this investigation, biodiesel was produced from Moringa oleifera oil through a transesterification process at operating conditions including a reaction temperature of 60 °C, catalyst concentration of 1% wt., reaction time of 2 h, stirring speed of 1000 rpm and methanol to oil ratio of 8.50:1. Biodiesel blends, B10 and B20, were tested in a compression ignition engine, and the performance and emission characteristics were analyzed and compared with high-speed diesel. The engine was operated at full load conditions with engine speeds varying from 1000 rpm to 2400 rpm. All the performance and exhaust pollutants results were collected and analyzed. It was found that MOB10 produced lower BP (7.44%), BSFC (7.51%), and CO₂ (7.7%). The MOB10 also reduced smoke opacity (24%) and HC (10.27%). Compared to diesel, MOB10 also increased CO (2.5%) and NO_x (9%) emissions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Synthesis and Application)

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13 pages, 2769 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Soft Bio-Integrated Multifunctional Devices Using an Intrinsically Stretchable Conducting Nanomembrane

by Sangkyu Lee, Kyumin Kang, Heewon Choi, Jiyong Yoon, Yewon Kim, Soojung An, Hyunjin Jung, Duhwan Seong, Kyuha Park, Hyoungwon Baac and Donghee Son

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(14), 6562; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146562 - 16 Jul 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3271

Abstract

Soft bioelectronic systems with a unique mechanical property, namely modulus matching between human skin (or tissue) and the device, have gained widespread attention. This is because of their closed-loop strain-insensitive electrical performance ranging from application in the long-term stable measurements of physiological signals [...] Read more.

Soft bioelectronic systems with a unique mechanical property, namely modulus matching between human skin (or tissue) and the device, have gained widespread attention. This is because of their closed-loop strain-insensitive electrical performance ranging from application in the long-term stable measurements of physiological signals and feedback modulation to human skin (or organs). Various materials and integration/fabrication strategies such as buckled, rigid islands, and wavy designs addressed for soft bioelectronic systems require complex device fabrication with time-consuming packaging and integration processes. In this study, we developed a soft bio-integrated multifunctional device (SBMD) fabricated through the simple thermal evaporation and transfer processes. The intrinsically stretchable Au–SEBS film composed of thermally evaporated gold (Au) nanomembranes and an elastomeric substrate was applied to various functional modules that are capable of sensing the strain (up to ~300%), temperature (with a thermal sensitivity of ~0.6 Ω/°C), chemicals (at a concentration of NaCl of ~0.5 wt%), and even electrophysiological cardiac/muscle signals and showing thermal actuations (80 °C at 9 V). Specifically, such multifunctions of the SBMD were stably performed even on skin. Thus, we believe the SBMD would be a promising candidate for realizing soft bioelectronic systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Synthesis and Application)

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18 pages, 4662 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Characterization of 3D Printed Multifunctional Bioscaffolds Based on PLA/PCL/HAp/BaTiO₃ Composites

by Emmanouela Mystiridou, Anastasios C. Patsidis and Nikolaos Bouropoulos

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 4253; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11094253 - 07 May 2021

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3808

Abstract

Bone substitute materials are placed in bone defects and play an important role in bone regeneration and fracture healing. The main objective of the present research is fabrication through the technique of 3D printing and the characterization of innovative composite bone scaffolds composed [...] Read more.

Bone substitute materials are placed in bone defects and play an important role in bone regeneration and fracture healing. The main objective of the present research is fabrication through the technique of 3D printing and the characterization of innovative composite bone scaffolds composed of polylactic acid (PLA), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) while hydroxyapatite (HAp), and/or barium titanate (BaTiO₃—BT) used as fillers. Composite filaments were prepared using a single screw melt extruder, and finally, 3D composite scaffolds were fabricated using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a satisfactory distribution of the fillers into the filaments and the printed objects. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements revealed that PLA/PCL filaments exhibit lower glass transition and melting point temperatures than the pure PLA filaments. Finally, piezoelectric and dielectric measurements of the 3D objects showed that composite PLA/PCL scaffolds containing HAp and BT exhibited piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) values close to the human bone and high dielectric permittivity values. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Synthesis and Application)

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Review

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10 pages, 1362 KiB

Open AccessReview

Crosslinking Mechanisms of Phenol, Catechol, and Gallol for Synthetic Polyphenols: A Comparative Review

by Hyunbin Choi and Kyueui Lee

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11626; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122211626 - 16 Nov 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2401

Abstract

Since the first introduction of a synthetic polyphenol called polydopamine, both it and its derivatives have received significant attention from material scientists owing to their unique functionality. In particular, synthetic polyphenols have been utilized as interfacial engineering tools; many important review papers have [...] Read more.

Since the first introduction of a synthetic polyphenol called polydopamine, both it and its derivatives have received significant attention from material scientists owing to their unique functionality. In particular, synthetic polyphenols have been utilized as interfacial engineering tools; many important review papers have been published regarding this topic. However, despite those that have focused on the applicability of synthetic polyphenols, fundamental aspects of crosslinking mechanisms and resultant characteristics have still been overlooked in the community. This review covers the mechanisms for building synthetic polyphenols, which are dependent on the number of hydroxyl groups of each phenolic building block. The inherent physicochemical properties of the developed polyphenolic materials are discussed in depth herein. This review can provide guidelines for selecting appropriate phenolic building blocks when designing relevant polyphenolic biomaterials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Synthesis and Application)

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