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Applied Sciences
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Biomedical Applications of Pulsed Power and Plasmas
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Biomedical Applications of Pulsed Power and Plasmas

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 13620

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Allen L. Garner

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
Interests: plasma physics; electron emission; high power microwaves; pulsed power; biomedical applications of plasmas and pulsed power
Prof. Dr. Raji Sundararajan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, Knoy Hall of Technology, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Interests: artificial intelligence; machine learning; neural networks; deep learning; obesity; diabetes; cancer; other diseases; pathology; drug discovery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ravi Joshi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3102, USA
Interests: pulsed power and high-power microwaves; high field transport and semiconductor modeling; electrophysics; bioelectrics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The biomedical applications of pulsed power and plasmas have matured extensively over the past two decades. While pulsed power has been studied for over fifty years for biomedical applications, the past two decades have witnessed extensive growth in applications including electrochemotherapy, irreversible electroporation, platelet activation, stem cell stimulation, nonlethal defense, and microbial inactivation for medicine and food. While a more recent development, plasma applications have grown rapidly around the world in food, wound care, burn treatments, and cancer therapy. Fundamental studies of electric pulse interactions at the tissue and cell levels and the determination of dominant plasma-induced reactive species continue for system optimization.

This Special Issue of the journal Applied Sciences, “Biomedical Applications of Pulsed Power and Plasmas”, aims to attract novel contributions covering a wide range of fundamental and applied studies in these areas.

Dr. Allen L. Garner
Dr. Raji Sundararajan
Dr. Ravi Joshi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • in vitro and in vivo studies of pulsed power and plasma
  • applications of pulsed power and plasmas in medicine
  • pulsed power for drug delivery, electrochemotherapy, and tissue ablation
  • pulsed power and plasmas in agriculture and food
  • pulsed power and plasmas in sterilization
  • diagnostics of relevant plasmas
  • modeling and simulation of relevant plasmas
  • modeling and simulation of the interaction of electric pulses and/or plasmas with biological cells/tissues
  • pulsed power and plasma system development for biomedical applications
  • plasma interactions with liquids

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3857 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial Applications of Low-Pressure Plasma on Degradation of Multidrug Resistant V. cholera
by Nimra Manzoor, Irfan Qasim, Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Muhammad Waqar Ahmed, Kamel Guedri, Omar T. Bafakeeh, El Sayed Mohamed Tag-Eldin and Ahmed M. Galal
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9737; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12199737 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 2094
Abstract
The existence of Vibrio cholera (V. cholera) is a major health problem in many parts of the world; therefore, the treatments of V. cholera have always remained necessary for public safety, health, and environmental protection. In the last few decades, plasma discharges [...] Read more.
The existence of Vibrio cholera (V. cholera) is a major health problem in many parts of the world; therefore, the treatments of V. cholera have always remained necessary for public safety, health, and environmental protection. In the last few decades, plasma discharges have proven to be a novel technique of sterilization against infectious bacteria such as V. cholera. In this research, a low-pressure plasma (LPP) technique has been introduced for the degradation of multidrug resistant V. cholera. The V. cholera strains with 107 CFUs (colony-forming units) were treated by low-pressure plasma, with and without H2O2 injection into the sterilization chamber, to investigate and report the adverse effects of plasma on V. cholera. The results demonstrated that plasma treatment has significant effects on the degradation of V. cholera in the presence of H2O2 vapors inside the plasma sterilization chamber. The time-course study of the bactericidal effects revealed that there is no regeneration or increase in the number of V. cholera colonies after plasma treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Pulsed Power and Plasmas)
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13 pages, 2560 KiB  
Article
Pulsed Electric Fields for Valorization of Platelets with No Therapeutic Value towards a High Biomedical Potential Product—A Proof of Concept
by Daniela Salvador, Henrique Almeida, Duarte Rego, Pedro Mendonça, Ana Paula Sousa, Margarida Serra and Luis Redondo
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 5773; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12125773 - 07 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1487
Abstract
Nowadays, the standard media used in clinical-scale mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) production to supply hundreds of clinical trials uses animal-derived components as supplements, which raises several health concerns. Consequently, the development of xeno-free media supplements has emerged. In the current study, the effect [...] Read more.
Nowadays, the standard media used in clinical-scale mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) production to supply hundreds of clinical trials uses animal-derived components as supplements, which raises several health concerns. Consequently, the development of xeno-free media supplements has emerged. In the current study, the effect of pulse electric field (PEF) application to platelet concentrates (PC) with no therapeutic value for producing platelet releasates (PR) able to sustain the ability of bone marrow-MSCs (BM-MSCs) to self-renew and differentiate was tested. It was demonstrated that PEF application to PC induces platelet activation and growth factor (GF) release, namely PDGF, FGF, IGF, and TGF-β. The highest GF release was observed for TGF-β, achieving similar levels to those attained in platelet lysates (PL). BM-MSCs expanded in the presence of PR obtained by the application of PEF (7 pulses of 10 and 12.5 kV/cm) to PC (PR PEF) retained the characteristic MSC cell-surface markers, and the ability to proliferate and differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. In this study, evidence is provided that PR PEF represents a suitable alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) for use in MSC production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Pulsed Power and Plasmas)
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14 pages, 2747 KiB  
Article
Dependence of Electric Pulse Mediated Growth Factor Release on the Platelet Rich Plasma Separation Method
by Bogdan Neculaes, Allen L. Garner, Steven Klopman and Emme A. Longman
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 4965; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12104965 - 14 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1534
Abstract
Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been explored for multiple clinical applications, including dentistry, orthopedics, sports medicine, diabetic foot ulcers, and cosmetic treatments. Topical applications of PRP typically use thrombin to induce platelet activation, which is accompanied by growth factor release and clotting of [...] Read more.
Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been explored for multiple clinical applications, including dentistry, orthopedics, sports medicine, diabetic foot ulcers, and cosmetic treatments. Topical applications of PRP typically use thrombin to induce platelet activation, which is accompanied by growth factor release and clotting of the PRP, prior to treatment. Injectable PRP treatments typically use non-activated PRP under the assumption that collagen at the site of the injury mediates platelet activation to ensure growth factor release in vivo. Ex-vivo electrical stimulation of platelets is emerging as a robust, easy to use, instrument-based PRP activation technique to facilitate growth factor release with or without clotting, while providing tunability of growth factor release, clot mechanical properties (when desired), and serotonin release from the dense granules. This paper briefly reviews the key results of the electrical activation of platelets and demonstrates successful growth factor release by electrical ex-vivo stimulation without clotting for three types of PRP separated from whole blood using available commercial kits: Harvest, EmCyte and Eclipse. While these three types of PRP feature a wide range of platelet and red blood cell content compared to whole blood, we demonstrate that pulsed electric fields enable growth factor release for all these biological matrices generated using whole blood from four human donors. These experiments open opportunities for using electrically stimulated PRP with released growth factors without clotting for injectable platelet treatments in relevant clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Pulsed Power and Plasmas)
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14 pages, 1366 KiB  
Article
The Granger Causal Effects of Canady Helios Cold Plasma on the Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation
by Annisa Elbedour, Xiaoqian Cheng, Saravana R. K. Murthy, Taisen Zhuang, Lawan Ly, Olivia Jones, Giacomo Basadonna, Michael Keidar and Jerome Canady
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4622; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12094622 - 05 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1540
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has become a promising tool for modern medicine. With its recent applications in oncology, regenerative medicine, and immunotherapy, CAP can be used for a myriad of different clinical treatments. When using CAP specifically for the treatment of tumors, it [...] Read more.
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has become a promising tool for modern medicine. With its recent applications in oncology, regenerative medicine, and immunotherapy, CAP can be used for a myriad of different clinical treatments. When using CAP specifically for the treatment of tumors, it is known to elicit an oxidative response within malignant cancer cells, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In this study, data of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase activity, Ki-67 expression, and cell cycle activity in the G1 phase were acquired to determine the causal relationships these intermediates have with cell proliferation and death after Canady Helios Cold Plasma (CHCP) treatment. The data were derived from four different subtypes of breast cancer cell lines: BT-474, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SK-BR-3. Data transformation techniques were conducted on the time-series data for the input into the causal model code. The models were created on the basis of Granger causality principles. Our results demonstrated that there was a Granger causal relationship among all potentially causal variables (ROS, caspase, Ki-67, and G1 activity) and cell proliferation after 5 min CHCP treatment; however, not all variables were causal for the 3 min models. This same pattern did not exist for cell death models, which tested all potentially causal variables (ROS, Ki-67, and G1 activity) vs. caspase activity. All models were validated through a variety of statistical tests and forecasting accuracy metrics. A pseudo data set with defined causal links was also created to test R’s ability in picking up known causal relationships. These models, while nonexhaustive, elucidated the effects cold plasma has on cell activity regulators. Research in causal modeling is needed to help verify the exact mechanism of cold plasma for the ultimate optimization of its application in the treatment of cancers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Pulsed Power and Plasmas)
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16 pages, 3539 KiB  
Article
Four Channel 6.5 kV, 65 A, 100 ns–100 µs Generator with Advanced Control of Pulse and Burst Protocols for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications
by Aleh Kandratsyeu, Uladzimir Sabaleuski, Luis Redondo and Andrei G. Pakhomov
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 11782; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112411782 - 11 Dec 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2204
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields in the sub-microsecond range are being increasingly used in biomedical and biotechnology applications, where the demand for high-voltage and high-frequency pulse generators with enhanced performance and pulse flexibility is pushing the limits of pulse power solid state technology. In the [...] Read more.
Pulsed electric fields in the sub-microsecond range are being increasingly used in biomedical and biotechnology applications, where the demand for high-voltage and high-frequency pulse generators with enhanced performance and pulse flexibility is pushing the limits of pulse power solid state technology. In the scope of this article, a new pulsed generator, which includes four independent MOSFET based Marx modulators, operating individually or combined, controlled from a computer user interface, is described. The generator is capable of applying different pulse shapes, from unipolar to bipolar pulses into biological loads, in symmetric and asymmetric modes, with voltages up to 6.5 kV and currents up to 65 A, in pulse widths from 100 ns to 100 µs, including short-circuit protection, current and voltage monitoring. This new scientific tool can open new research possibility due to the flexibility it provides in pulse generation, particularly in adjusting pulse width, polarity, and amplitude from pulse-to-pulse. It also permits operating in burst mode up to 5 MHz in four independent channels, for example in the application of synchronized asymmetric bipolar pulses, which is shown together with other characteristics of the generator. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Pulsed Power and Plasmas)
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11 pages, 3444 KiB  
Article
Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation on the Growth Plate of the Tibia Bone of Rats: An In Vivo Study
by Yoon-Young Sung, Jae-Woo Shin, Won-Kyung Yang, Min-Jin Kim, Ja-Ik Koo, Eun-Mi Noh, Kyoung-Soo Min, Mi-Young Yun and Seung-Hyung Kim
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7571; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11167571 - 18 Aug 2021
Viewed by 3485
Abstract
Currently, many children undergo precocious puberty, resulting in short stature due to premature closure of the growth plate. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation induces cell proliferation of articular chondrocytes. We developed a method for growth promotion using equipment with PEMF. In this study, [...] Read more.
Currently, many children undergo precocious puberty, resulting in short stature due to premature closure of the growth plate. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation induces cell proliferation of articular chondrocytes. We developed a method for growth promotion using equipment with PEMF. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of PEMF on the growth rate of growth plates using an animal model. An experimental study was conducted on 16 3-week-old rats to validate the effects of the growth care device on growth and development by PEMF stimulation at 28 Hz and 20 Gauss. The tibia bones of the groups with and without PEMF administration were dissected after 10 days, and then, the length of the growth plate of the knee and levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 hormone in serum were measured. The length of the growth plate on the tibia bone and the levels of circulating IGF-1 were significantly increased by 25.6% and 13.6%, respectively, in the experimental group to which PEMF was applied compared to those of the control group, without any side effects. These results suggest that PEMF can safely stimulate growth of the growth plate in a non-invasive manner to promote bone growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Pulsed Power and Plasmas)
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