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Applied Sciences
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Carbon Based Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges
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Carbon Based Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 8174

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Henrique Leonel Gomes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pólo II - University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: electrical characterization of devices and materials; organic electronics and bioelectronics and printed electronics
Dr. Rafael Furlan De Oliveira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
Interests: organic and molecular electronics; bioelectronics; flexible electronics; implantable electronics; graphene and 2D materials; thin-film devices and technology; sensing and biosensing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, we have witnessed an increasing number of research papers focused on carbon-based materials and nanostructures developed to compose one or more elements in electronic devices. So-called carbon-based electronics intend to benefit not only from the excellent conduction properties exhibited by the sp2-bonded carbon atom network in such materials, but from a variety of their unique properties and (post-) synthetic flexibility to tune such properties—ultimately to develop novel applications beyond silicon technology. Low-temperature and/or solution processability, flexibility, lightweight, biodegradability or recyclability, and low cost are some of the characteristics of carbon-based materials that can revolutionize electronics. This gives us an idea of how carbon-based electronics will shape future technology.

In this Special Issue of Applied Sciences, we invite the research community in the field to contribute original scientific articles reporting new findings and technologies on carbon-based electronics. Chemical sensors and biosensors, transparent and flexible electrodes, all-carbon electronic devices, supercapacitors and batteries, high-performance transistors and memories, and light-responsive devices are some of the topics covered. Among the plethora of carbon-based materials and nanostructures of interest, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, conducting and semiconducting polymers, individual semiconducting molecules or ensembles thereof, and graphene-related materials will be highlighted. Contributions on novel technologies, such as, wearable, implantable, edible, or biodegradable carbon-based devices are specially encouraged. Comprehensive review scientific articles will be also accepted. We are looking forward to your contribution!

Prof. Dr. Henrique Leonel Gomes
Dr. Rafael Furlan De Oliveira
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carbon electronics
  • flexible electronics
  • transparent electrodes
  • wearable electronics
  • biodegradable devices
  • sensors
  • biosensors
  • organic thin-film transistors
  • condensed matter
  • graphene
  • carbon nanotubes
  • polymers
  • supercapacitors
  • batteries
  • paper electronics
  • implantable devices
  • edible electronics
  • green electronics

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 1781 KiB  
Communication
Negative Differential Resistance and Long-Lived Changes in the Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Composites Induced by Electrothermal Effects
by Wrida Ahmed, Lotfi Chouiref, Hassen Dahman, Lassaad El Mir and Henrique L. Gomes
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 1069; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13021069 - 13 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1567
Abstract
In this study, the negative differential resistance (NDR) phenomenon in two-terminal devices composed of pyrogallol-formaldehyde/ZrO2 composite materials is investigated. It is demonstrated that the NDR is caused by electrothermal effects, which can be observed through the dependence of the NDR on both [...] Read more.
In this study, the negative differential resistance (NDR) phenomenon in two-terminal devices composed of pyrogallol-formaldehyde/ZrO2 composite materials is investigated. It is demonstrated that the NDR is caused by electrothermal effects, which can be observed through the dependence of the NDR on both voltage and temperature. Additionally, it is showed that the NDR peak current and peak/valley voltages can be effectively modulated using electrical pulses that produce mild Joule heating. This modulation arises from the formation of a conductive metastable state, which decays to equilibrium according to power law kinetics. It is suggested that this metastable state is generated through a reversible structural rearrangement induced by heat. The ability to electronically tune the NDR characteristics of carbon composites may have potential applications in electronically controlled oscillators and neuromorphic circuits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges)
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31 pages, 1223 KiB  
Article
A Simple Model of Ballistic Conduction in Multi-Lead Molecular Devices
by Patrick W. Fowler and Barry T. Pickup
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 11696; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112411696 - 09 Dec 2021
Viewed by 1165
Abstract
A fully analytical model is presented for ballistic conduction in a multi-lead device that is based on a π-conjugated carbon framework attached to a single source lead and several sink leads. This source-and-multiple-sink potential (SMSP) model is rooted in the Ernzerhof source-and-sink [...] Read more.
A fully analytical model is presented for ballistic conduction in a multi-lead device that is based on a π-conjugated carbon framework attached to a single source lead and several sink leads. This source-and-multiple-sink potential (SMSP) model is rooted in the Ernzerhof source-and-sink potential (SSP) approach and specifies transmission in terms of combinations of structural polynomials based on the molecular graph. The simplicity of the model allows insight into many-lead devices in terms of constituent two-lead devices, description of conduction in the multi-lead device in terms of structural polynomials, molecular orbital channels, and selection rules for active and inert leads and orbitals. In the wide-band limit, transmission can be expressed entirely in terms of characteristic polynomials of vertex-deleted graphs. As limiting cases of maximum connection, complete symmetric devices (CSD) and complete bipartite symmetric devices (CBSD) are defined and solved analytically. These devices have vanishing lead-lead interference effects. Illustrative calculations of transmission curves for model small-molecule systems are presented and selection rules are identified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges)
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16 pages, 10176 KiB  
Article
Verification of the Radio Wave Absorption Effect in the Millimeter Wave Band of SWCNTs and Conventional Carbon-Based Materials
by Seiki Chiba and Mikio Waki
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11490; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112311490 - 03 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1852
Abstract
Using a sample coated with three types of carbon-based paints, namely single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNTs), carbon black, and graphite, the amount of radio wave absorption for each was measured. SWCNTs proved to have the superior radio wave absorption effect in the millimeter band. [...] Read more.
Using a sample coated with three types of carbon-based paints, namely single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNTs), carbon black, and graphite, the amount of radio wave absorption for each was measured. SWCNTs proved to have the superior radio wave absorption effect in the millimeter band. Considering the change in the amount of radio wave absorption depending on the coating amount, three different coating thicknesses were prepared for each test material. The measurement frequency was set to two frequency bands of 28 GHz and 75 GHz, and the measurement method was carried out based on Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) R1679 “Radio wave absorption characteristic measurement method in the millimeter wave band of the radio wave absorber.” As for the amount of radio wave absorption in the 28 GHz band, a maximum amount of radio wave absorption of about 6 dB was obtained when 35 m of CNT spray paint was applied. It was confirmed that the carbon black paint came to about 60% that of the SWCNT, and the graphite paint did not obtain much radio wave absorption even when the coating thickness was changed. Furthermore, even in the 75 GHz band, the radio wave absorption was about 7 dB when 16 μm of CNT spray paint was applied, showing the maximum value. Within these experimental results, the CNT spray paint has a higher amount of radio wave absorption in the millimeter wave band than paints using general carbon materials. Its effectiveness could be confirmed even with a very thin coating thickness of 35 μm or less. It was also confirmed that even with the same paint, the radio wave absorption effect changes depending on the difference in coating thickness and the condition of the coated surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges)
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15 pages, 2895 KiB  
Article
Chemical Bond Formation between Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Metal Substrates at Low Temperatures
by Chaminda P. Nawarathne, Abdul Hoque, Chethani K. Ruhunage, Connor E. Rahm and Noe T. Alvarez
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(20), 9529; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11209529 - 14 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2377
Abstract
The exceptional physical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have the potential to transform materials science and various industrial applications. However, to exploit their unique properties in carbon-based electronics, CNTs regularly need to be chemically interfaced with metals. Although CNTs can be directly synthesized [...] Read more.
The exceptional physical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have the potential to transform materials science and various industrial applications. However, to exploit their unique properties in carbon-based electronics, CNTs regularly need to be chemically interfaced with metals. Although CNTs can be directly synthesized on metal substrates, this process typically requires temperatures above 350 °C, which is not compatible for many applications. Additionally, the CNTs employed here were highly densified, making them suitable as interconnecting materials for electronic applications. This paper reports a method for the chemical bonding of vertically aligned CNTs onto metal substrates that avoids the need for high temperatures and can be performed at temperatures as low as 80 °C. Open-ended CNTs were directly bonded onto Cu and Pt substrates that had been functionalized using diazonium radical reactive species, thus allowing bond formation with the open-ended CNTs. Careful control during grafting of the organic species onto the metal substrates resulted in functional group uniformity, as demonstrated by FT-IR analysis. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the formation of direct connections between the vertically aligned CNTs and the metal substrates. Furthermore, electrochemical characterization and application as a sensor revealed the nature of the bonding between the CNTs and the metal substrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges)
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