Submit to Applied Sciences Review for Applied Sciences Propose a Special Issue

Journal Browser

Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Published Papers

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Sciences and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2023) | Viewed by 23032
Related Special Issue: Advances of Interfacial Optics

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Eiji Tokunaga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Division I, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
Interests: nonlinear optics; optical spectroscopy; exciton physics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce the publication of a topic Special Issue "Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section. “Surface Sciences and Technology” section covers interdisciplinary research areas related to surfaces and interfaces. We invite you to contribute a peer-reviewed, comprehensive review or original research paper for possible publication in this Special Issue. The subject areas of the special issue are as follows:

Coatings;
Thin and thick films;
Surface tension;
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy;
Scanning probe microscopy;
Functional surfaces;
Surface nanotechnology and devices;
Semiconductors - surface and interface;
Biointerfaces;
Surface electrochemistry;
Surface science applied to energy conversion and storage;
Surface science of catalysis (photocatalysis, electrocatalysis);
Surface nonlinear optics;
Surface plasmon;
Exotic surfaces such as meta-surface or topological surface state.

Prof. Dr. Eiji Tokunaga
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (14 papers)

Download All Papers

Research

Jump to: Review

26 pages, 22011 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Artistic and Laboratory Patinas on Copper and Bronze Surfaces

by Chiara Petiti, Lucia Toniolo, Letizia Berti and Sara Goidanich

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(21), 11873; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app132111873 - 30 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1090

Abstract

The study of characterisation and production of artificial patinas plays a key role in the field of cultural heritage. In particular, artistic patinas should be considered as an integral part of the artworks, as they are deliberately produced by artists and metalworkers as a part of their artistic design. Therefore, it is important to achieve a good knowledge of their composition and corrosion behaviour in order to setup and perform optimal conservation strategies for their preservation. In addition, the possibility of realising laboratory patinas that are as representative as possible of natural corrosion layers is important for the realisation of laboratory specimens which can be used as reliable model systems (mock-ups) for the study of degradation mechanisms and conservative treatments. For this work, both artistic and laboratory patinas have been considered and investigated. In particular, six different artistic patinas produced by Fonderia Artistica Battaglia were characterised. Moreover, a series of laboratory patinas was produced according to chemical procedures adapted from those already reported in the literature. The patina morphology was evaluated by stereomicroscopy observations, their composition was analysed by means of FTIR and XRD analysis and their corrosion behaviour was evaluated by LPR and EIS measurements. Finally, the LPR and EIS analysis have pointed out the low protection provided by the corrosion layers of artistic patinas. In regard to laboratory patinas, the optimized procedures of production were found to be effective for the realization of the main corrosion products of copper-based surfaces. From an electrochemical point of view in particular, quite different electrochemical behaviours were observed on artificial corrosion layers with the same chemical composition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 4891 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Passive Films Formed on Fe- and Ni-Based Alloys in an Alkaline Medium: An Insight into Complementarities between Electrochemical Techniques and Near-Field Microscopies (AFM/SKPFM)

by N. E. Benaioun, N. Moulayat, N. E. Hakiki, H. Ramdane, E. Denys, A. Florentin, K. D. Khodja, M. M. Heireche and J. L. Bubendorff

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(21), 11659; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app132111659 - 25 Oct 2023

Viewed by 762

Abstract

This study investigates the natural passivation process of two types of stainless steels (AISI 316 and AISI 304) and a nickel-based alloy (Inconel 600) as a function of immersion time in an alkaline medium. As shown by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), the oxide film growth on each substrate is only influenced by trenches formed during the polishing step and does not depend on the chemical composition. The evolution of EIS measurements is explained by this growth mode. After 3 days of immersion, the formed film constitutes a protective barrier against alloy dissolution, as shown by Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy (SKPFM). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3656 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tuning of Morphology and Surface Properties of Porous Silicones by Chemical Modification

by Carmen Racles and Ana-Lavinia Vasiliu

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10899; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app131910899 - 30 Sep 2023

Viewed by 724

Abstract

The behavior of materials against water is a key element in many practical applications. Silicones are hydrophobic by nature and can be chemically modified to become hydrophilic or highly hydrophobic, while combining intrinsic surface properties with morphological details may lead to superhydrophobic materials. Chemically modified porous silicones and their surface properties have rarely been investigated. Our aim in this study was to tune the surface properties of porous silicone materials by a combination of chemical modification and emulsion templating The porous silicones were obtained by two cross-linking reactions in toluene–water emulsion, in mild conditions: dehydrocoupling of poly(methylhydrogen)siloxane (PMHS) and dimethyl-methylhydrogensiloxane copolymers and UV-initiated thiol-ene addition on a poly(dimethyl-methylvinyl)siloxane, respectively. Apart from the pores generated by water droplets, in the first process, additional large pores appeared due to hydrogen evolution. Their size and number diminished along with the cross-linking degree; thus, the porosity was tuned by adjusting the composition of the reaction mixture. Chemical modifications were performed in situ to introduce more hydrophobic groups (hexane and trimethylsilane) or hydrophilic groups (thioethanol), modifications that were followed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The inner morphology and powder wetting behavior of the crushed samples were investigated by SEM, tensiometry analyses, and contact angle measurements. The materials showed morphological particularities and surface properties that spanned from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic with lotus or petal effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 7005 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pockels Effect at the Interface between Water and Ti Electrode

by Shiou Tanimoto, Akihiro Okada, Takayoshi Kobayashi and Eiji Tokunaga

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(18), 10284; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app131810284 - 14 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 730

Abstract

The Pockels coefficient of interfacial water between bulk water and a Ti electrode was estimated from the electroreflectance spectra (

Δ R / R

) to be

r_{13} \approx - 150

pm/V as the maximum value of magnitude, which is comparable in [...] Read more.

The Pockels coefficient of interfacial water between bulk water and a Ti electrode was estimated from the electroreflectance spectra (

Δ R / R

) to be

r_{13} \approx - 150

pm/V as the maximum value of magnitude, which is comparable in magnitude to the largest coefficient for electrode interfacial water, i.e., 200 pm/V for interfacial water on a transparent oxide electrode. This Pockels signal increased by a factor of about ±3 by applying a DC bias voltage of ±1 V. The reflectance (

R

) of the Ti electrode had a dip structure in the UV region (3.5–4.5 eV) due to the interference of a 14 nm thick surface oxide film, and the

Δ R / R

spectra in aqueous electrolyte solution showed a large reflectance change in the UV region with a dispersive shape due to the contribution of the TiO₂ film. The reproducibility of the electroreflectance experiment was high, suggesting that the surface oxide film contributes to the large Pockels effect of interfacial water and the robustness of the electrode. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 6591 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Porcelain Enamel Coatings for Building Façades

by Alessia Zanardi, Massimo Calovi and Stefano Rossi

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(17), 9952; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13179952 - 03 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1132

Abstract

Materials used for building façades should combine aesthetics with functionality and durability. Vitreous enamels are a class of inorganic coatings, with a glossy and brilliant aspect, as well as high chemical resistance and protective properties. This study aimed to investigate the potentiality of enamel coatings for use in the architectural field. Different accelerated tests were carried out on enamel steel panels to test their durability and resistance to natural aggressive conditions (corrosive atmosphere and basic pH conditions, UV radiation, and pollution) and to mechanical damages. Two colors were chosen, red and white, to determine the effect of the addition of diverse pigments. Paints were employed as reference coating protection systems, as they currently serve as the standard for building façade design. Compared to paints, the enamel panels presented better corrosion protection, with higher adhesion to the steel substrate and stable aesthetic properties during the conducted tests, both in terms of color and gloss. Nevertheless, the white coating exhibited superior color stability, likely attributable to the presence of Se- and Cd-based pigments in the red coating. These pigments are known to be more prone to degradation. Overall, this work showed that porcelain enamels display good functional and aesthetic qualities, which make them suitable for use in the cladding of buildings and as transport infrastructure elements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2384 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oxidation Behaviour of Refractory (HfCo)_100−x(NbMo)_x High-Entropy Alloys with a bcc+B2 Structure

by Nikita Yurchenko, Evgeniya Panina, Sergey Zherebtsov and Nikita Stepanov

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(16), 9336; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13169336 - 17 Aug 2023

Viewed by 690

Abstract

Herein, the oxidation behaviour of refractory (HfCo)_100−x(NbMo)_x (x = 0; 10; 25; 40; 75; 100 (at.%)) high-entropy alloys with a bcc+B2 structure subjected to cyclic oxidation at 1000 °C was studied. The single-phase B2-ordered HfCo alloy demonstrated the best spallation resistance and retained a pristine form after 100 h. The oxidation kinetics of the HfCo alloy was near-parabolic, accompanied by the formation of external HfO₂ or CoO layers after 1 or 100 h, respectively. Additions of (NbMo)_x deteriorated the spallation resistance (x ≤ 25 at.%) or led to complete disintegration (x > 25 at.%). Among the (NbMo)-containing alloys, the (HfCo)₉₀(NbMo)₁₀ alloy with the dual-phase bcc+B2 structure showed the most promising oxidation resistance. This alloy withstood cyclic oxidation up to 15 h with a mass gain close to the HfCo alloy and survived 100 h without changes in geometry of the specimen. Unlike the HfCo alloy, in the (HfCo)₉₀(NbMo)₁₀ alloy, the external CoO layer was found already after 1 h. The effect of chemical and phase compositions on the formation of certain oxides was discussed. Comparison with the other refractory high-entropy alloys was also presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3203 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Triboelectric Charging Behaviors of Polyester Films Doped with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles of Various Crystal Structures

by Yudai Teramoto, Keita Ando, Satoru Tsukada and Katsuyoshi Hoshino

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1468; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13031468 - 22 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1717

Abstract

It is empirically known that titanium dioxide nanoparticles stabilize the contact and frictional charge of the host polymers to which they are added. However, the mechanism for the stabilization process has not yet been elucidated. In this study, polyester films doped with titanium dioxide nanoparticles of different crystalline forms were triboelectrically charged and the effect of humidity on their charging characteristics was subsequently investigated to elucidate the charge stabilization mechanism. Our first finding was that the rutile-, rutile–anatase mixed crystal (P25)-, and amorphous-dominant-type titanium dioxide nanoparticles reduced the sensitivity of the films to humidity (humidity dependence), while the anatase-type titanium dioxide enhanced the humidity dependence. This difference in action was explained by associating it with the different water adsorption forms on the major crystalline surface of each titanium dioxide type. The second finding was that doping with titanium dioxide nanoparticles, particularly rutile and P25 nanoparticles, reduced fluctuations in the amount of tribocharges of the polyester film. This crystalline-form-dependent difference in action was considered to be based on the depth of the electron traps involved in each titanium dioxide type. The above two findings have allowed us to propose the first mechanism of tribocharge stabilization by titanium dioxide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 2801 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Surface Morphology, Roughness, and Structural Characteristics of Al_1−xMg_xSb (x = 0 and 0.1) Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique

by Sadia Zafar, Muhammad Aamir Iqbal, Maria Malik, Wajeehah Shahid, Shaheen Irfan, Muhammad Yasir Shabir, Phuong V. Pham and Jeong Ryeol Choi

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7412; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12157412 - 23 Jul 2022

Viewed by 1069

Abstract

Aluminum antimonide (AlSb), a semiconductor compound, finds its applications in optoelectronics because of its tunable bandgap and promising properties achieved by tailoring suitable dopants. To explore the effects of doping, thin films of pure AlSb and 10% magnesium (Mg)-doped aluminum antimonide (MgAlSb) were synthesized through compound solution deposition on a glass substrate using a low-cost chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique at varying bath temperatures with deposition time intervals ranging from 60 to 180 min. Optical microscopy was used to evaluate the surface roughness and morphology of the synthesized films, revealing the surface roughness and thin film uniformity at different deposition times. The structural characteristics of AlSb and Mg-doped AlSb thin films were further examined using the X-ray diffraction technique, which validated the formation of AlSb and Mg-doped AlSb thin films. This research enables large-scale low-temperature deposition for a variety of conceivable applications in the coatings, materials penetration, energy, and photonic sectors due to the novel properties of this material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 3047 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Coherent Perfect Absorption in a Transparent Polymer Film on a Transparent Substrate Utilizing Total Internal Reflection by Grazing Incidence

by Mayu Hasegawa, Junpei Oi, Kyohei Yamashita, Keisuke Seto, Takayoshi Kobayashi and Eiji Tokunaga

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3633; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12073633 - 03 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2170

Abstract

A simple scheme for single-channel coherent perfect absorption (CPA) of transparent materials is proposed and experimentally realized using total internal reflection by grazing incidence, with a single dielectric layer sandwiched by semi-infinite dielectric layers. In a 1.48-µm thick polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) film, dip-coated on a MgF₂ substrate both transparent in the visible, reflectance dips due to nearly 90% absorption by single-channel CPA were observed in the wavelength range of 370–800 nm, with white light from a Xe lamp incident on the side face of the substrate and extracted from the other side through multiple reflections in the PVP layer. This is a simple and inexpensive CPA scheme, and it is expected to have various applications by changing the substrate/polymer material or dispersing molecules in the polymer film. This paper also provides a design guideline for grazing-incidence waveguide-mode sensors using transparent dielectric materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 4182 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on the Surface Adhesive Characteristic of Iced Aluminum Alloy Plate

by Yan Li, He Shen and Wenfeng Guo

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(5), 2357; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12052357 - 24 Feb 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1305

Abstract

Icings on moving machinery, such as wind turbines and aircraft wings, degrade their performance and safety. Ultrasonic vibration is considered one of the deicing methods. In this research, simulations and experiments are carried out to explore the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the adhesive characteristic of ice on aluminum alloy plates. Harmonic response analyses are conducted to analyze the changing and distributions of shear stresses at the adhesive interface under different frequencies and sizes of PZT patches. The results show that there is optimum side length and thickness of the PZT patch, as the size of the iced aluminum alloy plate is constant. In these conditions, the shear stresses at the adhesive interface are high. Then, experiments on adhesive torque of ice are carried out to calculate the adhesive shear stresses of ice. The results show that the adhesive force of ice decreases under the excitation of ultrasonic vibration. When the excited frequency is 79 kHz, the adhesive torsional shear stress is 0.014 MPa, which is only 7% of the one with no ultrasonic vibration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 4923 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Ageing on Abrasion Volume Loss, Density, and Structural Components of Subfossil Oak

by Vera Rede, Sara Essert, Martina Kocijan and Tomislav Dubravac

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 1814; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12041814 - 10 Feb 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1275

Abstract

Subfossil oak wood has spent centuries or millennia in the aquatic medium (rivers, lakes, bogs, etc.) and, due to water anoxic conditions, its decomposition is very slow. As a result of its long residing in specific conditions, its chemical composition, appearance, as well as mechanical and tribological properties have changed. Because of its aesthetic and mechanical properties, subfossil wood is very attractive and often used to produce valuable objects. The main objective of this study was to test how abrasion wear resistance of subfossil oak is affected by ageing. The effects of ageing on wood density and on the structure of lignin and cellulose were tested, as well as the loss of volume during abrasion in correlation with these changes. A study was conducted on samples of recent (regular) pedunculate oak wood and on six subfossil pedunculate oak samples in the age range of 890 and nearly 6000 years. Abrasion wear resistance was expressed through the loss of volume recorded using the Taber abraser. The smallest abrasion volume loss was measured for the recent oak specimens. Linear regression analyses showed that there was a very strong negative linear relationship between the age of subfossil oak and its abrasion volume loss. There was also a strong, but positive and significant linear correlation between subfossil oak age and density. Ageing also affected the structural composition of wood. Results obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy indicated a reduction of the relative crystalline fraction of subfossil wood in recent oak. The degradation of lignin in subfossil oak samples progressed more slowly over time than cellulose degradation. There was a negative correlation between age and the ratio of cellulose and lignin degradation; however, that relationship was found statistically insignificant. Similar results were obtained for the relationship between abrasion wear resistance and changes in the structural composition of the studied samples of subfossil oak wood. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

38 pages, 7253 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review on Surface Modification of SnO₂ Electron Transport Layer for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

by Vo Pham Hoang Huy and Chung-Wung Bark

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10715; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app131910715 - 26 Sep 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1798

Abstract

In the planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell (PSC) structure, among numerous contenders, tin oxide (SnO₂) has been utilized, instead of TiO₂, as the material for the electron transport layer (ETL) owing to its good band alignment, ultraviolet light resistance, strong charge extraction, and low photocatalytic activity. However, the morphology of the SnO₂ ETL has proven to be unstable under low-temperature processing, leading to low electron extraction in PSCs. Therefore, the surface morphology must be modified to achieve high-performance PSCs. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamental insights into how surface variations affect the ETL performance. The significance and the design rule of surface modification for an efficient SnO₂ ETL, that is, the intentional alteration of the SnO₂ interface, are discussed. Based on the evaluations, distinct surface engineering procedures and how they are implemented are presented. The effects of chemical and physical interactions on the properties of SnO₂ are elucidated in detail; these have not been considered in previous studies. Finally, we provide an outlook on, highlight the key challenges in, and recommend future research directions for the design of the interfaces of highly efficient and stable PSCs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 9898 KiB

Open AccessReview

Diamonds for Life: Developments in Sensors for Biomolecules

by Nádia E. Santos, Flávio Figueira, Miguel Neto, Filipe A. Almeida Paz, Susana Santos Braga and Joana C. Mendes

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 3000; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12063000 - 15 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1871

Abstract

Diamond-based electrodes and biosensors are interesting in analytics because of their particular set of properties, namely: large potential window, chemical inertness, low baseline current, stability, and transparency. Diamond-based electrodes and biosensors were shown to detect biological molecules such as neurotransmitters and proteins, respectively. In this review, we summarise the different types of diamond electrodes and biosensors based on their type of detection (electrochemical or optical), functionalisation, and target analyte. The last section presents a discussion on the different analytical responses obtained with electrodes or biosensors, according to the type of analyte. Electrodes work quite well for detecting small molecules with redox properties, whereas biosensors are more suited for detecting molecules with a high molecular weight, such as DNA and proteins. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

32 pages, 6303 KiB

Open AccessReview

Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process: Properties, Characterization, and Applications

by Merbin John, Alessandro M. Ralls, Scott C. Dooley, Akhil Kishore Vellooridathil Thazhathidathil, Ashok Kumar Perka, Udaya Bhat Kuruveri and Pradeep L. Menezes

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 10986; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112210986 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 45 | Viewed by 4957

Abstract

Ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) is a novel surface severe plastic deformation (SPD) method that integrates ultrasonic impact peening (UIP) and deep rolling (DR) to enhance the surface integrity and surface mechanical properties of engineering materials. USRP can induce gradient nanostructured surface (GNS) layers on the substrate, providing superior mechanical properties, thus preventing premature material failure. Herein, a comprehensive overview of current-state-of-the art USRP is provided. More specifically, the effect of the USRP on a broad range of materials exclusively used for aerospace, automotive, nuclear, and chemical industries is explained. Furthermore, the effect of USRP on different mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile, fatigue, wear resistance, residual stress, corrosion resistance, and surface roughness are summarized. In addition, the effect of USRP on grain refinement and the formation of gradient microstructure is discussed. Finally, this study elucidates the application and recent advances of the USRP process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Feature Papers in Surface Sciences and Technology Section

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Published Papers (14 papers)

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI