Computational Electromagnetism

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Physics General".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2021) | Viewed by 10609

Special Issue Editors

Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Signal Theory and Communications, University Carlos III de Madrid, 28903 Madrid, Spain
Interests: telecommunications engineering; applied mathematics; computational physics; electromagnetism; mathematical physics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many electromagnetic problems such as large-scale scattering and radiation applications in complex domains’ multiscale structures modeling small and nano antennas, sensors, integrated circuits, etc.; and multiphysics problems require a discretization of the computational domain that yields billions of unknowns. Addressing this issue demands a multidisciplinary effort involving physics, computer science and architecture, advanced mathematical methods for integral equations, fast solvers, iterative methods, preconditioners, linear algebra, and big data. At the crossroads of these science fields, computational electromagnetics aim at solving accurately and rapidly the aforementioned problems, without heavy computational requirements. Also, efficient computer simulations have the potential of providing insightful knowledge that will eventually help improve the design and robustness of the products.

In this Special Issue, we call for contributions of innovative techniques that tackle challenging aspects arising in electromagnetic problems, including frequency vs. time domain, implicit vs. explicit formulation in time, absorbing boundary conditions vs. perfectly matched layers, structured/monoscale vs. unstructured/multiscale mesh, artificial intelligence, etc. We therefore cover the following topics:

  • Advanced numerical solvers for Maxwell problems
  • Artificial intelligence in computational electromagnetics
  • Computational electromagnetics for large-scale problems
  • Modeling and simulation of multiphysics problems in electromagnetics
  • Multiscale structures in electromagnetics
  • New emerging applications of electromagnetics

Prof. Dr. David Pardo
Prof. Dr. Luis E. García-Castillo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Computational electromagnetics
  • Maxwell’s equation
  • High-performance computing
  • 3D Electromagnetic modelling
  • Advanced numerical methods
  • Multiscale structures
  • Multiphysics problems
  • Artificial Intelligence

Published Papers (6 papers)

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16 pages, 1696 KiB  
Article
Fast and Accurate Solution of Integral Formulations of Large MQS Problems Based on Hybrid OpenMP–MPI Parallelization
by Salvatore Ventre, Francesca Cau, Andrea Chiariello, Gaspare Giovinco, Antonio Maffucci and Fabio Villone
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 627; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12020627 - 10 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 926
Abstract
This paper proposes an optimal strategy to parallelize the solution of large 3D magneto-quasi-static (MQS) problems, by combining the MPI and OpenMP approaches. The studied numerical problem comes from a weak-form integral formulation of a MQS problem and is finally cast in terms [...] Read more.
This paper proposes an optimal strategy to parallelize the solution of large 3D magneto-quasi-static (MQS) problems, by combining the MPI and OpenMP approaches. The studied numerical problem comes from a weak-form integral formulation of a MQS problem and is finally cast in terms of a large linear system to be solved by means of a direct method. For this purpose, two main tasks are identified: the assembly and the inversion of the matrices. The paper focuses on the optimization of the resources required for assembling the matrices, by exploiting the feature of a hybrid OpenMP–MPI approach. Specifically, the job is shared between clusters of nodes in parallel by adopting an OpenMP paradigm at the node level and a MPI one at the process level between nodes. Compared with other solutions, such as pure MPI, this hybrid parallelization optimizes the available resources, with respect to the speed, allocated memory, and the communication between nodes. These advantages are clearly observed in the case studies analyzed in this paper, coming from the study of large plasma fusion machines, such as the fusion reactor ITER. Indeed, the MQS problems associated with such applications are characterized by a huge computational cost that requires parallel computing approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetism)
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18 pages, 1241 KiB  
Article
Test-Driven Development of a Substructuring Technique for the Analysis of Electromagnetic Finite Periodic Structures
by Ignacio Martínez-Fernández, Adrian Amor-Martin and Luis E. Garcia-Castillo
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 11619; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112411619 - 07 Dec 2021
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Abstract
In this paper, we follow the Test-Driven Development (TDD) paradigm in the development of an in-house code to allow for the finite element analysis of finite periodic type electromagnetic structures (e.g., antenna arrays, metamaterials, and several relevant electromagnetic problems). We use unit and [...] Read more.
In this paper, we follow the Test-Driven Development (TDD) paradigm in the development of an in-house code to allow for the finite element analysis of finite periodic type electromagnetic structures (e.g., antenna arrays, metamaterials, and several relevant electromagnetic problems). We use unit and integration tests, system tests (using the Method of Manufactured Solutions—MMS), and application tests (smoke, performance, and validation tests) to increase the reliability of the code and to shorten its development cycle. We apply substructuring techniques based on the definition of a unit cell to benefit from the repeatability of the problem and speed up the computations. Specifically, we propose an approach to model the problem using only one type of Schur complement which has advantages concerning other substructuring techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetism)
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15 pages, 2665 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation-Based Investigation of the Limits of Different Quasistatic Models
by Houssein Taha, Zuqi Tang, Thomas Henneron, Yvonnick Le Menach, Florentin Salomez and Jean-Pierre Ducreux
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11218; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112311218 - 25 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1439
Abstract
The modeling of the capacitive phenomena, including the inductive effects becomes critical, especially in the case of a power converter with high switching frequencies, supplying an electrical device. At a low frequency, the electro-quasistatic (EQS) model is widely used to study the coupled [...] Read more.
The modeling of the capacitive phenomena, including the inductive effects becomes critical, especially in the case of a power converter with high switching frequencies, supplying an electrical device. At a low frequency, the electro-quasistatic (EQS) model is widely used to study the coupled resistive-capacitive effects, while the magneto-quasistatic (MQS) model is used to describe the coupled resistive-inductive effects. When the frequency increases, the Darwin model is preferred, which is able to capture the coupled resistive-capacitive-inductive effects by neglecting the radiation effects. In this work, we are interested in specifying the limits of these models, by investigating the influence of the frequency on the electromagnetic field distributions and the impedance of electromagnetic devices. Two different examples are carried out. For the first one, to validate the Darwin model, the measurement results are provided for comparison with the simulation results, which shows a good agreement. For the second one, the simulation results from three different models are compared, for both the local field distributions and the global impedances. It is shown that the EQS model can be used as an indicator to know at which frequency the Darwin model should be applied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetism)
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19 pages, 16016 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Semi-Structured Mesh Refinement Techniques for the Finite Element Method
by Adrian Amor-Martin and Luis E. Garcia-Castillo
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(8), 3683; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11083683 - 19 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2873
Abstract
The adaptive mesh techniques applied to the Finite Element Method have continuously been an active research line. However, these techniques are usually applied to tetrahedra. Here, we use the triangular prismatic element as the discretization shape for a Finite Element Method code with [...] Read more.
The adaptive mesh techniques applied to the Finite Element Method have continuously been an active research line. However, these techniques are usually applied to tetrahedra. Here, we use the triangular prismatic element as the discretization shape for a Finite Element Method code with adaptivity. The adaptive process consists of three steps: error estimation, marking, and refinement. We adapt techniques already applied for other shapes to the triangular prisms, showing the differences here in detail. We use five different marking strategies, comparing the results obtained with different parameters. We adapt these strategies to a conformation process necessary to avoid hanging nodes in the resulting mesh. We have also applied two special rules to ensure the quality of the refined mesh. We show the effect of these rules with the Method of Manufactured Solutions and numerical results to validate the implementation introduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetism)
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11 pages, 2208 KiB  
Article
A Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm for the Topology Optimization of Electromagnet Devices
by Wenjia Yang, Siu Lau Ho and Weinong Fu
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6186; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10186186 - 06 Sep 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1773
Abstract
The memetic algorithms which employ population information spreading mechanism have shown great potentials in solving complex three-dimensional black-box problems. In this paper, a newly developed memetic meta-heuristic optimization method, known as shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA), is modified and applied to topology optimization [...] Read more.
The memetic algorithms which employ population information spreading mechanism have shown great potentials in solving complex three-dimensional black-box problems. In this paper, a newly developed memetic meta-heuristic optimization method, known as shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA), is modified and applied to topology optimization of electromagnetic problems. Compared to the conventional SFLA, the proposed algorithm has an extra local search step, which allows it to escape from the local optimum, and hence avoid the problem of premature convergence to continue its search for more accurate results. To validate the performance of the proposed method, it was applied to solving the topology optimization of an interior permanent magnet motor. Two other EAs, namely the conventional SFLA and local-search genetic algorithm, were applied to study the same problem and their performances were compared with that of the proposed algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm has the best trade-off between the results of objective values and optimization time, and hence is more efficient in topology optimization of electromagnetic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetism)
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9 pages, 1299 KiB  
Technical Note
An Estimator of the Resistance of Large Grounding Electrodes from Its Geometric Characterization
by Gregorio Denche, Eduardo Faleiro, Gabriel Asensio and Jorge Moreno
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(22), 8162; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10228162 - 18 Nov 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1110
Abstract
An estimator of the grounding resistance of large extension electrodes from the total length and geometric properties of the electrode is proposed in this work. The approximation is valid for electrodes buried in a soil that can be assumed as homogeneous and it [...] Read more.
An estimator of the grounding resistance of large extension electrodes from the total length and geometric properties of the electrode is proposed in this work. The approximation is valid for electrodes buried in a soil that can be assumed as homogeneous and it will be verified that the resistance estimation improves as electrode size increases. Both the burial depth and the radius of the conductors, within certain practical limits, have little effect on the value of the grounding resistance. The shape and size of the electrode are defined by a geometric index that measures the degree of compaction of the conductors that make it up, which has the greatest weight in the final value of the resistance. The expression obtained to quantify the estimate of the grounding resistance is tested in several numerical examples and in a currently operating grounding electrode, obtaining in all cases an estimated value of the resistance reasonably close to the true value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetism)
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