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Applied Sciences
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Analysis of Contaminants and Residues in Food
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Analysis of Contaminants and Residues in Food

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2022) | Viewed by 14198

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Emmanouil Tsochatzis

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Food Science, Centre of Innovative Food Research (iFood), Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
Interests: analytical chemistry; food contact materials (intentionally added substances (IAS) and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS)); sustainability and recycling of plastics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Olga - Angeliki Begou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
2. Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 57001 Thermi, Greece
Interests: mass spectrometry; validation; analytical chemistry; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); gas chromatography; analytical method development; quality control of chemicals, foods, and pharmaceuticals; metabonomic/metabolomic analysis for biomarker discovery; novel sample pretreatment techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are organizing a Special Issue titled "Analysis of Contaminants and Residues in Food" in Applied Sciences (MDPI).

The food supply chain contains several steps that start with the farm and end with the forks of consumers. Within this chain, pesticide application, veterinary drug administration, environmental and storage conditions, process-induced changes, formation of undesired and toxic compounds, use of food additives, profit-seeking practices, and final food packaging materials can potentially lead to contamination of the food (either intentionally or non-intentionally), and hazardous chemical substances or their residues may end up in the final food product. Hence, there is a strong need for suitable and reliable analytical methods for the detection and quantitative analysis of all these targeted analytes in order to ensure food quality and safety, as well as fair trade and fair competition. Therefore, development, optimization, and validation of analytical methods are of continuous interest and effort.

We would be delighted if you could respond and contribute a manuscript to this Special Issue. Detailed instructions for on-line submission are below. Please closely follow the Guide to Authors, which can be found at the respective Journal’s website.

The topics of interest for this Special Issue include but are not limited to the following fields (in alphabetical order):

  • allergens in foods;
  • antibiotics in food products;
  • endocrine disrupting substances;
  • food additives;
  • food colorants;
  • food contact materials;
  • mycotoxins;
  • pesticides;
  • polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH);
  • process-induced changes and oxidation products.

Dr. Emmanouil Tsochatzis
Dr. Olga Angeliki Begou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • allergens in foods
  • antibiotics in food products
  • endocrine disrupting substances
  • food additives
  • food colorants
  • food contact materials
  • mycotoxins
  • pesticides
  • polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
  • process-induced changes and oxidation products

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

3 pages, 169 KiB  
Editorial
Analysis of Contaminants and Residues in Food
by Emmanouil D. Tsochatzis and Olga Begou
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 10076; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app121910076 - 07 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1225
Abstract
The food supply chain contains several steps that start with the farm and end with the forks of consumers [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Contaminants and Residues in Food)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

12 pages, 289 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metals Contaminants in the Fruits and Leaves of Organic, Conventional and Wild Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)
by Marta Kotuła, Joanna Kapusta-Duch and Sylwester Smoleń
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7610; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12157610 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1768
Abstract
Chemical pollutants contaminate the air, soil and then plants, which are the main source of xenobiotics for humans. Many consumers perceive that organically grown foods are of better quality, healthier and more nutritious than conventionally grown foods. The aim of the study was [...] Read more.
Chemical pollutants contaminate the air, soil and then plants, which are the main source of xenobiotics for humans. Many consumers perceive that organically grown foods are of better quality, healthier and more nutritious than conventionally grown foods. The aim of the study was to analyse raspberry fruits and leaves from organic, conventional and wild crops in Poland for two years, independently of climatic and agrotechnical conditions. The metal contents (Al, B, Cu, Mn and Zn) were determined using the validated Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) (As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Mo, V, Sr, Sb, Ti and Tl). The raspberry fruits from organic farming contained more (p ≤ 0.05) Cd, Zn, Mn and V compared to those from conventional cultivation. Fruits of wild-growing raspberry had more Cd, Zn, Co and Mn compared to other crops. Wild-growing raspberry leaves had more Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn and Tl than the other leaves. The raspberry leaves from organic cultivation had more Cr, Cd and Pb compared to leaves from conventional cultivation. The leaves and fruits of wild-growing raspberry are characterized by a significantly higher content of heavy metals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Contaminants and Residues in Food)
15 pages, 1129 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Heavy Metals and Arsenic Species in Seaweeds Collected from Different Regions in Korea
by Ka Jeong Lee, Eun Hye Kang, Minchul Yoon, Mi Ra Jo, Hongsik Yu, Kwang Tae Son, Sang Hyeon Jeong and Ji Hoe Kim
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 7000; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12147000 - 11 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2334
Abstract
We evaluated the levels of heavy metals and arsenic (As) species in 11 different types of seaweed collected from major coastal cities in Korea. The concentration ranges of heavy metals in the seaweed were as follows: cadmium (0.023–0.232 mg/kg fresh weight [fw]), and [...] Read more.
We evaluated the levels of heavy metals and arsenic (As) species in 11 different types of seaweed collected from major coastal cities in Korea. The concentration ranges of heavy metals in the seaweed were as follows: cadmium (0.023–0.232 mg/kg fresh weight [fw]), and lead (0.025–0.222 mg/kg fw), with most meeting international regulations for edible seaweeds. The amount of total As, however, was high, ranging from 1.020 to 20.525 mg/kg fw. Especially in the case of Sargassum seaweed, the fraction of inorganic As, including arsenate (As [V]) and arsenate (As [III]), which have potent toxicity, ranged from 5.198 to 16.867 mg/kg fw, while other seaweeds, such as Pyropia sp., Enteromorpha sp., Undaria sp., and Saccharina sp., predominantly contained a non-toxic organic As (i.d. arsenosugars). Multivariate analysis revealed that the Sargassum genus group had high levels of inorganic As. Sargassum seaweeds had a high fraction of inorganic As, but most of them are considered inedible seaweeds. Of these, Sargassum fusiforme (hijiki) is widely recognized as an edible seaweed, but the average daily intake is quite low based on statistical data from Asian countries and S. fusiforme is considered a safe food when eaten at the recommended daily intake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Contaminants and Residues in Food)
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11 pages, 2291 KiB  
Article
Zeolite H-Beta as a Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbent for the Determination of Eight Neonicotinoid Insecticides Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry
by Wenshuai Si, Shouying Wang, Bing Bai, Nan Wu, Tai Ye, Fei Xu and Cong Kong
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4316; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12094316 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1718
Abstract
In this study, a dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) pretreatment procedure using zeolite H-Beta as a sorbent was exploited for the determination of eight neonicotinoids in bottled water and honey products based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The zeolite H-Beta was demonstrated [...] Read more.
In this study, a dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) pretreatment procedure using zeolite H-Beta as a sorbent was exploited for the determination of eight neonicotinoids in bottled water and honey products based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The zeolite H-Beta was demonstrated to be a suitable sorbent for neonicotinoid insecticides, even after 10 recycles of reuse. The method performance was evaluated by the linearity (R2 ≥ 0.998), recovery (71–108%), precision (0.1–7.8%), limit of detection (0.05–0.1 ng/mL) and limit of quantification (0.1–0.2 ng/mL), which suggested excellent stability and high sensitivity with the use of the DSPE procedure. The method was further successfully applied in the test of neonicotinoid insecticides in 34 samples. Zeolite H-Beta shows promise as an efficient and practical material for monitoring neonicotinoid insecticides in bottled water and multiplex honey matrices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Contaminants and Residues in Food)
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16 pages, 1900 KiB  
Article
Development of a Microwave-Assisted Extraction Protocol for the Simultaneous Determination of Mycotoxins and Pesticide Residues in Apples by LC-MS/MS
by Natasa P. Kalogiouri, Emmanouil-Nikolaos Papadakis, Maria G. Maggalou, George S. Karaoglanidis, Victoria F. Samanidou and Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 10931; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112210931 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2145
Abstract
The possible presence of contaminants, pesticide residues and mycotoxins, in agricultural commodities is a critical issue for food safety, causing great concern. In this work, a simple and rapid analytical method employing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination [...] Read more.
The possible presence of contaminants, pesticide residues and mycotoxins, in agricultural commodities is a critical issue for food safety, causing great concern. In this work, a simple and rapid analytical method employing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues and mycotoxins in apples. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used for sample preparation. The MAE protocol was optimized after evaluating the effects of the following extraction parameters: (a) extraction solvent, (b) acidic environment, (c) temperature, and (d) extraction time. The multiresidue MAE-LC-MS/MS method was validated for linearity, accuracy (bias and precision), limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs), and matrix effect. The validation of the method was carried out according to the SANTE/12682/2019 document. The method demonstrated good linearity with R2 ≥ 0.99, acceptable accuracy in the recovery rate range 70–116%, acceptable interassay precision with RSD% ≤ 20, and low LODs and LOQs in the ranges 0.005–0.015 μg/g and 0.01–0.03 μg/g, respectively. Matrix effects were observed only for the 25% of the analytes. The performance of the MAE-LC-MS/MS method was compared to that of the QuEChERS sample preparation method, and the MAE-LC-MS/MS method proved to be rapid and effective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Contaminants and Residues in Food)
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14 pages, 2585 KiB  
Article
QuEChERS-Based Methodology for the Screening of Alkylphenols and Bisphenol A in Dairy Products Using LC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS
by Vasiliki Boti, Vasiliki Kobothekra, Triantafyllos Albanis and Ioannis Konstantinou
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(20), 9358; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11209358 - 09 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2129
Abstract
A simple methodology was developed for the determination of four Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in dairy products. The EDCs included alkylphenols (4-tert-octylphenol, technical nonylphenol isomers, 4-nonylphenol) and bisphenol-A. The methodology consisted of a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction followed [...] Read more.
A simple methodology was developed for the determination of four Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in dairy products. The EDCs included alkylphenols (4-tert-octylphenol, technical nonylphenol isomers, 4-nonylphenol) and bisphenol-A. The methodology consisted of a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction followed by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to the hybrid LTQ/Orbitrap mass spectrometer (MS). The high resolution (HR) analysis provided the required selectivity demonstrating excellent sensitivity and enabled the high-mass accuracy of the analytes within short time of analysis, after a chemometric optimization of the instrument parameters. An experimental design was employed for the estimation of the effect of different parameters on the QuEChERS extraction efficiency to obtain the optimum conditions. Method validation proved that analysis exhibited excellent linearity (R2 > 0.9966), low enough precision (0.6 to 13.3%) and recoveries in the range of 91 to 108%. Limits of detection (LOD < 6.5 ng g−1) and quantification (LOQ < 20 ng g−1) as well as matrix effects (ME) were also evaluated. The optimized method was successfully applied to analyze dairy commodities varying in fat content and packaging material including milk, yogurts and infant formulae. Detected concentration levels (MDL-10.4 ng g−1) for bisphenol-A BPA in milk samples resulted in 0.36% of TDI for the medium case (average BPA concentrations) and 1.15% of TDI for the worst case (maximum BPA concentration). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Contaminants and Residues in Food)
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10 pages, 706 KiB  
Article
Development and Validation of a UHPLC-qTOF MS Method for the Determination of Sorbitol-Based Nuclear Clarifying Agents in Food Simulants after Migration from Food Contact Materials
by Emmanouil D. Tsochatzis, Georgios Theodoridis and Helen G. Gika
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 3789; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11093789 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1815
Abstract
Nuclear clarifying agents (NCAs) are a class of substances frequently used as additives in the production of polymers to improve their physical properties. Some are EU regulated under Commission Regulation (EU) no. 10/2011 can be used as additives in the production of food [...] Read more.
Nuclear clarifying agents (NCAs) are a class of substances frequently used as additives in the production of polymers to improve their physical properties. Some are EU regulated under Commission Regulation (EU) no. 10/2011 can be used as additives in the production of food contact plastics. However, limited analytical methods for their analysis are currently available, in part due to poor solubility in most common organic solvents and lack of analytical standards of known purity. In this work, a simple and sensitive method was developed to analyze 4 EU-regulated sorbitol-based nucleating agents in food simulants, following solubility studies to establish effective solvents. The method was shown to be accurate and precise and can be used with official food simulant D1 (50% v/v ethanol/H2O). Application to other ethanolic simulants is also possible, but due to solubility issues, a posteriori conversion of those simulants into simulant D1 is required. Finally, the method was applied to quantify the target analytes in simulants after migration testing with polypropylene (PP) beverage cups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Contaminants and Residues in Food)
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