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Applied Sciences
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Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles 2021
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Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles 2021

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 January 2022) | Viewed by 5032

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Bruno Jeanneret

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Planning, Mobilities and Environment Department, Eco-Management of Energy for Transportation Systems Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, Campus de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France
Interests: simulation; energy management; pollutant emissions; hybrid vehicles; real-time applications
Dr. Rochdi Trigui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Planning, Mobilities and Environment Department, Eco-Management of Energy for Transportation Systems Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, Campus de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France
Interests: electrical power engineering; electric and hybrid vehicles; vehicle energy simulation; energy storage; energy management; power system simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Luis Le Moyne

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut Supérieur de l’Automobile et des Transports (ISAT), DRIVE Lab, University of Burgundy, UBFC, 58027 Nevers, France
Interests: energy and fluid mechanics; powertrain engineering; transportation engineering; thermal engineering; transportation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Urban air quality and climate change are at the heart of environmental concerns. Although internal-combustion-engine vehicles are expected to be replaced in the future by zero-emission vehicles, hybrids play a key role in the transition to all-electric vehicles. They can have many forms (sustaining hybrids, plug-in hybrids and range-extender hybrids), may include various liquid or gaseous (bio) fuels, and concern both on-road and off-road vehicles.

This Special Issue deals with the recent advances in the energy management of all types of hybrid vehicles. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to, optimal control problems, such as multiobjective optimization considering energy consumption, battery ageing and/or pollutant emissions related to standard or alternative fuels. The global impacts on transportation systems, taking into account any form of network connection and grid management, are also considered in this Special Issue.

Dr. Bruno Jeanneret
Dr. Rochdi Trigui
Prof. Dr. Luis Le Moyne
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hybrid vehicle
  • sustaining hybrid
  • plug-in hybrid
  • range-extender hybrid energy management
  • optimal control
  • system optimization
  • pollutant emissions
  • battery ageing
  • V2G
  • V2H
  • smart grids
  • real-time applications
  • alternative fuels
  • biofuels
  • hydrogen

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 4135 KiB  
Article
Adaptive λ-Control Strategy for Plug-In HEV Energy Management Using Fast Initial Multiplier Estimate
by Oumaima Mechichi, Rochdi Trigui and Lilia El Amraoui
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(20), 10543; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122010543 - 19 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1204
Abstract
This paper presents the application of the Lambda control strategy derived from Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) for parallel PHEV. The proposed method has shown its efficiency for hybrid vehicles. It is here extended to the Plug-in hybrid vehicle case where reducing fuel consumption [...] Read more.
This paper presents the application of the Lambda control strategy derived from Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) for parallel PHEV. The proposed method has shown its efficiency for hybrid vehicles. It is here extended to the Plug-in hybrid vehicle case where reducing fuel consumption and ensuring optimal behavior of the state of charge of the battery are the specific, focused performance benchmarks. Offline PMP application requires the knowledge of the entire drive cycle to obtain optimal control, leading to the best engine energy consumption. Online, adapting this method requires a good estimation of the weighting parameter lambda value, which is not an obvious task. A fast initial estimation-based method is presented in this paper as a starting point for an adaptive L-control. The proposed method is then evaluated using standard driving cycles and compared with offline PMP results. Robustness study is also accomplished by testing method performances using mixed cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles 2021)
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17 pages, 1390 KiB  
Article
Concept for Generating Energy Demand in Electric Vehicles with a Model Based Approach
by Tuyen Nguyen, Reiner Kriesten and Daniela Chrenko
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(8), 3968; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12083968 - 14 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1532
Abstract
Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) for electric vehicles, which consist of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, have become an increasing focus of research and development in recent years. The combination of the two combines the advantages of each storage technology (high energy density in [...] Read more.
Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) for electric vehicles, which consist of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, have become an increasing focus of research and development in recent years. The combination of the two combines the advantages of each storage technology (high energy density in batteries and high power density in supercapacitors) in one system. To effectively manage the energy flow between these two different storage technologies, an intelligent energy management system (EMS) is required. In the development of the EMS, it is usual to run preliminary checks in a simulation environment that is as close to reality as feasible already during the development process. For this purpose, this paper presents a concept for the creation of a simulation environment consisting of realistic routes and a holistic vehicle model. The realistic route data are generated by a route-generating algorithm, which accesses different map services via application programming interfaces (API) and retrieves real route data to generate a simulated route. By integrating further online services (e.g., OpenWeather API), the routes are further specified with, for example, real weather data, traffic data, speed limits and altitude data. For the complete vehicle model, components including the suspension, chassis and auxiliary consumers are simulated as blackbox models. The components that can be accessed during the simulation are simulated as white box models. These are the battery, the supercapacitor, the DC/DC converter and the electric motor. This allows the EMS to control and regulate the HESS in real time during the simulation. To validate the simulation environment presented here, a real BMW i3 was driven on a real route, and its energy demand was measured. The same route was simulated in the simulation environment with environmental conditions that were as realistic as feasible (traffic volume, traffic facilities, weather) and the vehicle model of the BMW i3. The resulting energy demand from the simulation was recorded. The results show that the simulated energy consumption value differs by only 1.92% from the real measured value. This demonstrates the accuracy of the simulation environment presented here. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles 2021)
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22 pages, 1243 KiB  
Article
Optimal Control for Cleaner Hybrid Vehicles: A Backward Approach
by Bruno Jeanneret, Alice Guille Des Buttes, Alan Keromnes, Serge Pélissier and Luis Le Moyne
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 578; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12020578 - 07 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1420
Abstract
This work presents an application of the optimal control theory to find trade offs between fuel consumption and pollutant emissions (CO, HC, NOx) of sustaining hybrid vehicles. Both cold start and normal operations are considered. The problem formulation includes two state [...] Read more.
This work presents an application of the optimal control theory to find trade offs between fuel consumption and pollutant emissions (CO, HC, NOx) of sustaining hybrid vehicles. Both cold start and normal operations are considered. The problem formulation includes two state variables: battery state of energy and catalyst temperature; and three control variables: torque repartition between engine and motor, spark advance, and equivalence ratio. Optimal results were obtained by delaying the first engine crank after the urban part of the mission. The results show that a quick catalyst light off is performed. Once the catalyst is primed, special control parameters values are adopted to operate the engine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles 2021)
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