Research

8 pages, 1009 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Some Plant Food Products Present on the Polish Market Are a Source of Vitamin B12

by Paulina Jedut, Dominik Szwajgier, Paweł Glibowski and Katarzyna Iłowiecka

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(8), 3601; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11083601 - 16 Apr 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4407

Cyanocobalamin is the most widespread form of vitamin B12, which is sufficient for humans. Vitamin B12 is mainly found in animal products. However, supplementation does not have to be necessary because certain amounts of vitamin B12 are present in plant products. Previous studies [...] Read more.

Cyanocobalamin is the most widespread form of vitamin B12, which is sufficient for humans. Vitamin B12 is mainly found in animal products. However, supplementation does not have to be necessary because certain amounts of vitamin B12 are present in plant products. Previous studies showed significant contents of cyanocobalamin in sea buckthorn and in sauerkraut. In this study, selected products such as sea-buckthorn jam and fermented plant products (obtained by lactic acid fermentation) were tested in a search for vitamin B12. Bacteria involved in this type of fermentation have the potential to produce cyanocobalamin. Popular fermented plant products on the Polish market were selected, namely sauerkraut and pickled cucumbers, as well as parsley juice, beetroot juice and white borscht. The analysis was carried out using HPLC-UV. Most of the analyzed products did not contain significant levels of vitamin B12. Only sea-buckthorn jam and pickled parsley juice can provide the amount of vitamin B12 needed to prevent deficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Fermented Food Products)

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11 pages, 1166 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Functional Properties of Lactobacillus casei HY2782 Are Affected by the Fermentation Time

by Seung Hee Jung, Dong Ki Hong, So-Jung Bang, Keon Heo, Jae-Jung Sim and Jung-Lyoul Lee

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(6), 2481; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11062481 - 10 Mar 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2910

Abstract

Maintaining probiotic effectiveness represents the most important task for the development of functional foods. Gastrointestinal stability and intestinal adhesion properties comprise one criterion for probiotic selection. Here, we investigated the benefits of milk fermented with Lactobacillus casei HY2782 at different fermentation times. The [...] Read more.

Maintaining probiotic effectiveness represents the most important task for the development of functional foods. Gastrointestinal stability and intestinal adhesion properties comprise one criterion for probiotic selection. Here, we investigated the benefits of milk fermented with Lactobacillus casei HY2782 at different fermentation times. The probiotic strain used was L. casei HY2782 and the reference strain was L. casei ATCC393 for comparisons. The samples were fermented for 7 days at 30 °C. We determined the pH, CFU/mL, survival rate during simulated gastrointestinal digestion, adhesion ability to HT-29 cells, and gene expression of tight-junction proteins known to regulate intestinal permeability in Caco-2 cells. L. casei HY2782 exhibited significantly higher survival rates in simulated gastrointestinal digestion during long-term fermentation than L. casei ATCC393. The adhesion ability to HT-29 cells was significantly increased with L. casei HY2782 (3.3% to 8.7%) after 7 days of fermentation; however, only a slight increase was observed for L. casei ATCC393 (3.1% to 4.7%). In addition, L. casei HY2782 can significantly increase the expression of genes encoding tight-junction proteins during long-term fermentation of milk. In conclusion, we confirmed that long-term fermentation could be a novel manufacturing process for fermented milk containing L. casei HY2782 and showed the beneficial effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Fermented Food Products)

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19 pages, 2714 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Effect of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Mousse on Properties of Probiotic Yoghurt

by Aneta Brodziak, Jolanta Król, Arkadiusz Matwijczuk, Tomasz Czernecki, Paweł Glibowski, Łukasz Wlazło and Anna Litwińczuk

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(2), 545; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11020545 - 08 Jan 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2731

Abstract

The stability of the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of yoghurts during refrigerated storage is important for industry and the consumer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional value, microbiological quality, sensory properties, and structure of natural probiotic yoghurts made with [...] Read more.

The stability of the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of yoghurts during refrigerated storage is important for industry and the consumer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional value, microbiological quality, sensory properties, and structure of natural probiotic yoghurts made with the addition of sea buckthorn fruit mousse during refrigerated storage. In this study, we produced natural, probiotic organic yoghurts with the addition of superfoods, i.e., sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruit mousse, using ABT-1 probiotic yoghurt starter culture based on Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, and Streptococcus thermophilus. Physico-chemical (acidity, nutritional value, and structure) as well as microbiological and sensory changes occurring during 21-day refrigerated storage were determined. The yoghurts were characterized by high sanitary and hygienic quality during the whole refrigerated storage. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra were also used in the analyses of the obtained yoghurt samples. The applied yoghurt additive was visible at the spectral level as an increase in the intensity of the characteristic bands for vibrations related to protein, fat, and polysaccharide structures. Sea buckthorn can be used as a modern and unconventional addition to yoghurts with health-promoting properties. Micrographic studies have shown that the addition of sea buckthorn mousse significantly changes the microstructure of the yoghurt. The structure of sea buckthorn to yoghurt seems to be more susceptible to the influence of damaging factors, which is also confirmed by the FTIR test conducted during the storage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Fermented Food Products)

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14 pages, 309 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Functional and Technological Potential of Whey Protein Isolate in Production of Milk Beverages Fermented by New Strains of Lactobacillus helveticus

by Katarzyna Skrzypczak, Waldemar Gustaw, Emilia Fornal, Anna Kononiuk, Monika Michalak-Majewska, Wojciech Radzki and Adam Waśko

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(20), 7089; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10207089 - 12 Oct 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2412

Abstract

With their desired functional and technological properties, whey protein preparations are used in the food industry. In turn, lactic acid fermentation may contribute to release of a wide range of biologically active peptides (BAPs) (known also as bioactive peptides or biopeptides) from whey [...] Read more.

With their desired functional and technological properties, whey protein preparations are used in the food industry. In turn, lactic acid fermentation may contribute to release of a wide range of biologically active peptides (BAPs) (known also as bioactive peptides or biopeptides) from whey and milk proteins, which are perceived as potential therapeutic tools and important constituents of personalized food suitable for prevention of many civilization and diet-related diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the suitability of new Lb. helveticus strains for production of fermented milk beverages (drinking type) supplemented with whey protein isolate (WPI). Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was employed to assess if WPI (water solution) might be a suitable precursor for BAPs produced by selected strains of Lb. helveticus. In order to identify the bioactivities of the peptides generated in WPI hydrolysates, the procedures indicated in databases were used. The fermented products differed from each other in some texture parameters, the content of protein, total nitrogen, and non-protein nitrogen, and the proteolysis index, which was dependent on the strain. Strain B734 was found to exhibit technological potential for development of new health-oriented fermented milk beverages with characteristics of functional food. Additionally, it proved to be able to release a wide range of BAPs from WPI with antioxidative, antibacterial, and immuno- and cyto-modulatory effects, as well as ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitory and antihypertensive activities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Fermented Food Products)

16 pages, 1227 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Effect of Whey Protein Concentrate on Physicochemical, Sensory and Antioxidative Properties of High-Protein Fat-Free Dairy Desserts

by Katarzyna Kusio, Jagoda O. Szafrańska, Wojciech Radzki and Bartosz G. Sołowiej

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(20), 7064; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10207064 - 12 Oct 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3249

Abstract

This study evaluates a new formula for high-protein fat-free dairy desserts. The rheological, textural, organoleptic and antioxidative properties of this product have been examined. They were prepared in laboratory conditions using a magnetic stirrer and then mixed in a water bath at 80 [...] Read more.

This study evaluates a new formula for high-protein fat-free dairy desserts. The rheological, textural, organoleptic and antioxidative properties of this product have been examined. They were prepared in laboratory conditions using a magnetic stirrer and then mixed in a water bath at 80 °C for 10 min. The composition included skimmed-milk powder, different concentrations of whey proteins (WPC80) (5, 7, 9, 11 or 13%), sucrose and ĸ-carrageenan. Samples were stored at 4 °C. The use of different amounts of whey proteins significantly influenced the texture, rheological properties and appearance of dairy desserts. With the increase of WPC80 content, the hardness (5–11%), adhesiveness (5–13%), cohesiveness (513%), springiness (5–11%) and viscosity (5–13%) of the high-protein fat-free dairy desserts increased. Elastic (gel) properties were exhibited throughout the process (G’ > G”). This result was confirmed by the measurements of tan(δ) (tan(δ) < 1). Water activity decreased with an increase in WPC80 content. Health-promoting features using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) measurements were evaluated. Both methods showed that the samples have antioxidant properties. Panelists described desserts with 9% WPC80 as the most favorable according to sensory properties. This research promotes the reduction of production waste using high-protein whey powder, a by-product of whey from cheese manufacturing, as a main component during food production, and it also promotes fat-free food. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Fermented Food Products)

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11 pages, 543 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Probiotic Yogurt Containing Lactobacillus Acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium Lactis BB-12 on Selected Anthropometric Parameters in Obese Individuals on an Energy-Restricted Diet: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

by Katarzyna Banach, Paweł Glibowski and Paulina Jedut

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(17), 5830; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10175830 - 23 Aug 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3016

Abstract

Previous studies using probiotics have shown strain-dependent effects on body mass index (BMI), body mass, or fat mass (FM). The aim of this study was to evaluate how the addition of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 strains [...] Read more.

Previous studies using probiotics have shown strain-dependent effects on body mass index (BMI), body mass, or fat mass (FM). The aim of this study was to evaluate how the addition of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 strains to a diet plan affects selected anthropometric parameters in obese people on an energy-restricted diet. Fifty-four subjects aged 20–49 (34.52 ± 9.58) years were included in this study. The recruited subjects were assigned to two subgroups: consuming probiotic yogurt along with a hypocaloric diet (GP) (n–27) or the same diet but without an intentional introduction of yogurt (GRD) (n–27) for 12 weeks. Both GP and GRD decreased body weight, BMI, fat mass and visceral fat by 5.59 kg and 4.71 kg, 1.89 and 1.61 kg/m², 4.80 kg and 4.07 kg, and 0.68 and 0.65 L, respectively, although the obtained differences were not significant. Analysis of GP and GRD results separately at the beginning and end of the intervention showed that fat loss was substantial in both groups (p < 0.05). Consumption of yogurt containing LA-5 and BB-12 does not significantly improve anthropometric parameters in obese patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Fermented Food Products)

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14 pages, 3379 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Inulin Addition on Properties of Natural Yogurt

by Anna Żbikowska, Iwona Szymańska and Małgorzata Kowalska

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(12), 4317; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10124317 - 23 Jun 2020

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4963

Abstract

The influence of the amount of inulin addition (3%, 6%, 9%, 12% or 15% w/w) on the physicochemical properties of natural yogurt was analyzed. The acidity (titration; pH), texture parameters (penetration test), viscosity curves (rotational rheometer), microrheology (macroscopic viscosity index, [...] Read more.

The influence of the amount of inulin addition (3%, 6%, 9%, 12% or 15% w/w) on the physicochemical properties of natural yogurt was analyzed. The acidity (titration; pH), texture parameters (penetration test), viscosity curves (rotational rheometer), microrheology (macroscopic viscosity index, MVI; elasticity index, EI; solid-liquid balance—SLB; multi-speckle diffusing-wave spectroscopy, MS-DWS) and physical stability (syneresis; LUMiSizer test) of yogurts were investigated. All samples were non-Newtonian pseudoplastic liquids. The sample with 15% inulin content presented an approx. 4% higher pH value (4.34), 3-fold greater MVI and almost 5-fold higher penetration force, compared to the control sample (0% of inulin). In turn, the use of inulin addition in the range of 3–15% w/w resulted in a reduction of syneresis (p < 0.05). A linear decrease in the values of instability indexes and sedimentation velocities was noted in the function of inulin content increase (LUMiSizer test). The application of inulin (in the range of 3–15% w/w) as a functional additive to yogurts significantly contributed to enhancement of their physical stability. Summing up, the possibility of obtaining natural yogurts with a high content of this prebiotic has been demonstrated, thus such products can be classified as functional foods and a health claim can be put on the label. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Fermented Food Products)

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19 pages, 3424 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Possibility of Using Fermented Curly Kale Juice to Manufacture Feta-Type Cheese

by Magdalena Michalak, Katarzyna Skrzypczak, Maciej Nastaj, Konrad Terpiłowski, Tomasz Skrzypek, Adam Waśko and Magdalena Polak-Berecka

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(11), 4020; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10114020 - 10 Jun 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2459

Abstract

This paper reports the potential use of fermented curly kale juice in Feta-type cheese production. The rheological study and Turbiscan assay demonstrated that fermented curly kale juice coupled with rennet accelerated curd formation resulted in a stronger curd compared to the sample containing [...] Read more.

This paper reports the potential use of fermented curly kale juice in Feta-type cheese production. The rheological study and Turbiscan assay demonstrated that fermented curly kale juice coupled with rennet accelerated curd formation resulted in a stronger curd compared to the sample containing rennet alone. Laboratory-scale cheese was manufactured from cow’s milk with the use of fermented curly kale juice. Several parameters that affect the quality of cheese were investigated, including physicochemical, textural and microstructure characteristics. The content of amino acids and fatty acids was determined, surface properties were assessed and microbial enumeration of the experimental cheese was carried out before and after ripening. The values of pH and the content of lactose and protein significantly decreased as a result of maturation. In turn, an increase in LAB growth as well as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was observed. The use of the fermented curly kale juice improved the textural characteristics and changed the microstructure of the obtained cheese. Finally, the ripening process enhanced the amino acid profile of the Feta-type cheese. These findings indicate that the fermented curly kale juice can be used for manufacture of cheese with improved characteristics and functional properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Fermented Food Products)

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