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Applied Sciences
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Advances in Porous Materials for Energy Storage
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Advances in Porous Materials for Energy Storage

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 8301

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alfonso Policicchio

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Guest Editor
Department of Physic, Universit della Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
Interests: hydrogen; methane; CCS; porous materials; nanostructure; energy conversion and storage; 2D materials; self-assembled monolayer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rossella Grillo

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Guest Editor
Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria RC, Italy
Interests: nanomaterials; graphene; thin films and nanotechnology; nanostructured materials; nanofabrication; SEM analysis; TEM image analysis; surface characterization; nanoparticle preparation plasmonics; atomic force microscopy; scanning tunneling microscopy
Dr. Oreste De Luca

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Guest Editor
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
Interests: surface science; electron spectroscopy; 2D materials; transition metal dichalcogenides; organic and inorganic thin films

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Porous materials, solids with pores sizes ranging from below 1 nm up to more than 50 nm, have been the subject of investigation for several years because of their unique size-related properties and versatility in many fields of science and technology, attracting great interest from both academia and the industry. Examples of porous materials include carbon-based structures (e.g., activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, fullerene), zeolites, pillared materials, and organosilicates, amongst numerous others. Novel synthesis methods are constantly being developed mainly to customize materials and to enhance their performance and, as a second step, to make their synthesis both industrially and environmentally friendly.

For this Special Issue, we welcome contributions in the form of research papers, communications, and reviews from all areas of porous materials. Topics include but are not limited to recent research and new trends in the synthesis of porous structures as well as the development of advanced multifunctional materials and their use in energy and environmental applications such as in the conversion of gaseous organic pollutants, carbon capture, and as supercapacitors, with particular attention to gas sequestration and storage.

Dr. Alfonso Policicchio
Dr. Rossella Grillo
Dr. Oreste De Luca
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • synthesis of porous materials
  • energy storage applications
  • gas purification and storage
  • advanced characterization
  • environmentally friendly

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 7084 KiB  
Article
Ionic Conductivity and Dielectric Relaxation of NASICON Superionic Conductors at the Near-Cryogenic Regime
by Athanasios Tiliakos, Mihaela Iordache and Adriana Marinoiu
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8432; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11188432 - 11 Sep 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2497
Abstract
With a crystal lattice structure first characterized in the 1970s, NASICON sodium-based superionic conductors have recently found renewed interest as solid electrolytes in sodium-ion and seawater flow batteries due to their exceptional ionic conductivity being on the same scale as liquid electrolytes. Since [...] Read more.
With a crystal lattice structure first characterized in the 1970s, NASICON sodium-based superionic conductors have recently found renewed interest as solid electrolytes in sodium-ion and seawater flow batteries due to their exceptional ionic conductivity being on the same scale as liquid electrolytes. Since sodium ions in the crystal lattice move among interstitial positions through site-specific bottlenecks, the overall conductivity is strongly dependent on the NASICON composition. In this work, we report on the synthesis protocols and processing parameters of Na3Zr2Si2PO12 prepared from Na2CO3, SiO2, ZrO2, and NH4H2PO4 precursors by the conventional solid-state reaction (SSR) route. We critically evaluated important observations made in the extended literature on the topic including: (i) the importance of precursor particle size concerning the SSR synthesis, focusing on effective ball-milling protocols; and (ii) the onset of excess zirconia contamination, expanding on the effects of both thermal and pressure processing—the latter often overlooked in the available literature. In approaching the cryogenic regime, the dataset availability concerning ionic conductivity and dielectric permittivity measurements for NASICON was extended, starting from elevated temperatures at 200 °C and reaching into the very low temperature zone at −100 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Porous Materials for Energy Storage)
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15 pages, 40767 KiB  
Article
The Deltah Lab, a New Multidisciplinary European Facility to Support the H2 Distribution & Storage Economy
by Sara Stelitano, Alberto Rullo, Luigi Piredda, Elisabetta Mecozzi, Luigi Di Vito, Raffaele Giuseppe Agostino, Raffaele Filosa, Vincenzo Formoso, Giuseppe Conte and Alfonso Policicchio
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(7), 3272; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11073272 - 06 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2040
Abstract
The target for European decarburization encourages the use of renewable energy sources and H2 is considered the link in the global energy system transformation. So, research studies are numerous, but only few facilities can test materials and components for H2 storage. [...] Read more.
The target for European decarburization encourages the use of renewable energy sources and H2 is considered the link in the global energy system transformation. So, research studies are numerous, but only few facilities can test materials and components for H2 storage. This work offers a brief review of H2 storage methods and presents the preliminary results obtained in a new facility. Slow strain rate and fatigue life tests were performed in H2 at 80 MPa on specimens and a tank of AISI 4145, respectively. Besides, the storage capacity at 30 MPa of a solid-state system, they were evaluated on kg scale by adsorption test. The results have shown the H2 influence on mechanical properties of the steel. The adsorption test showed a gain of 26% at 12 MPa in H2 storage with respect to the empty condition. All samples have been characterized by complementary techniques in order to connect the H2 effect with material properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Porous Materials for Energy Storage)
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28 pages, 1877 KiB  
Article
Thermochemical Heat Storage in a Lab-Scale Indirectly Operated CaO/Ca(OH)2 Reactor—Numerical Modeling and Model Validation through Inverse Parameter Estimation
by Gabriele Seitz, Farid Mohammadi and Holger Class
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(2), 682; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11020682 - 12 Jan 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2548
Abstract
Calcium oxide/Calcium hydroxide can be utilized as a reaction system for thermochemical heat storage. It features a high storage capacity, is cheap, and does not involve major environmental concerns. Operationally, different fixed-bed reactor concepts can be distinguished; direct reactor are characterized by gas [...] Read more.
Calcium oxide/Calcium hydroxide can be utilized as a reaction system for thermochemical heat storage. It features a high storage capacity, is cheap, and does not involve major environmental concerns. Operationally, different fixed-bed reactor concepts can be distinguished; direct reactor are characterized by gas flow through the reactive bulk material, while in indirect reactors, the heat-carrying gas flow is separated from the bulk material. This study puts a focus on the indirectly operated fixed-bed reactor setup. The fluxes of the reaction fluid and the heat-carrying flow are decoupled in order to overcome limitations due to heat conduction in the reactive bulk material. The fixed bed represents a porous medium where Darcy-type flow conditions can be assumed. Here, a numerical model for such a reactor concept is presented, which has been implemented in the software DuMux. An attempt to calibrate and validate it with experimental results from the literature is discussed in detail. This allows for the identification of a deficient insulation of the experimental setup. Accordingly, heat-loss mechanisms are included in the model. However, it can be shown that heat losses alone are not sufficient to explain the experimental results. It is evident that another effect plays a role here. Using Bayesian inference, this effect is identified as the reaction rate decreasing with progressing conversion of reactive material. The calibrated model reveals that more heat is lost over the reactor surface than transported in the heat transfer channel, which causes a considerable speed-up of the discharge reaction. An observed deceleration of the reaction rate at progressed conversion is attributed to the presence of agglomerates of the bulk material in the fixed bed. This retardation is represented phenomenologically by mofifying the reaction kinetics. After the calibration, the model is validated with a second set of experimental results. To speed up the calculations for the calibration, the numerical model is replaced by a surrogate model based on Polynomial Chaos Expansion and Principal Component Analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Porous Materials for Energy Storage)
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