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Applied Sciences
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NondestructiveTesting in Composite Materials Ⅱ
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NondestructiveTesting in Composite Materials Ⅱ

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2021) | Viewed by 9884

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Carosena Meola

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
Interests: infrared thermography; non-destructive testing; composite materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Light, small, and smart are recurrent terms in the today’s era. A simple and fast way to produce light, small, and smart objects is by using composite materials. In fact, composite materials are made of two basic components; the matrix and the reinforcement which can be modelled to get the desired shape. Thus, composite materials are ever more increasingly employed in many applications, e.g., for the transport industry and the building sector as well for the production of many objects used in daily life. Their success is mainly due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, easy formability, and relatively low cost. However, manufacturing of composites is made through complex processes involving temperature, pressure, chemical reactions, etc. These processes can lead to formation of defects (e.g., porosity, fiber misalignment, slag inclusions, etc.) in the final product. Moreover, the in-service life of the components could be responsible for creating defects and/or degrading the composite. Therefore, effective non-destructive evaluation methods able to discover defects at an incipient stage are necessary either to assure the quality of a composite material prior to putting it into service, or to monitor a composite structure currently in service.

This Special Issue of Applied Sciences on “Nondestructive Testing in Composite Materials” aims to attract contributions covering all the applicable nondestructive testing techniques and the different aspects including testing, data post-processing, and analysis of results. The inspection may be concerned with all types of composites which can be manufactured involving the different types of matrix and reinforcement. The inspection may also regard the different phases of the material life starting from the manufacturing process, going to the final product and then to the health monitoring in service. In particular, papers dealing with integration of techniques and/or with newly developed techniques are welcome.  

Dr. Carosena Meola
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Composites
  • Bio-composites
  • Ceramic matrix
  • Metal matrix
  • Polymeric matrix
  • Thermoset matrix
  • Thermoplastic matrix
  • Nondestructive testing
  • Nondestructive evaluation
  • Acoustic emission
  • Infrared thermography
  • Penetrant liquids
  • Radiography
  • Ultrasonics
  • Visual inspection

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3683 KiB  
Article
kf Evaluation in GFRP Composites by Thermography
by Marta De Giorgi, Riccardo Nobile and Fania Palano
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 5200; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11115200 - 03 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2083
Abstract
Since the presence of a notch in a mechanical component causes a reduction in the fatigue strength, it is important to know the kf value for a given notch geometry and material. This parameter is fundamental in the fatigue design of aeronautical [...] Read more.
Since the presence of a notch in a mechanical component causes a reduction in the fatigue strength, it is important to know the kf value for a given notch geometry and material. This parameter is fundamental in the fatigue design of aeronautical components that are mainly made of composites. kf is available in the literature for numerous types of notch but only for traditional materials such as metals. This paper presents a new practice, based on thermographic data, for the determination of the fatigue notch coefficient kf in composite notched specimens. The innovative aspect of this study is therefore to propose the application on composite materials of a new thermographic procedure to determine kf for several notch geometries: circular, U and V soft and severe notches. It was calculated, for each type of notch, as the ratio between the fatigue limits obtained on the cold and hot zone corresponding to the smooth and notched specimen, respectively. Consequently, this research activity provides, for the first time, a little database of kf for two particular typologies of composite materials showing a fast way to collect further values for different laminates and notch geometries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue NondestructiveTesting in Composite Materials Ⅱ)
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18 pages, 7815 KiB  
Article
Nondestructive Evaluation of Aluminium Foam Panels Subjected to Impact Loading
by Gabriella Epasto, Fabio Distefano, Hozhabr Mozafari, Emanoil Linul and Vincenzo Crupi
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 1148; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11031148 - 27 Jan 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1595
Abstract
Aluminium foam sandwich structures have excellent energy absorption capacity, combined with good mechanical properties and low density. Some of the authors of this paper proposed an innovative Metallic Foam Shell protective device against flying ballast impact damage in railway axles. A closed-cell aluminium [...] Read more.
Aluminium foam sandwich structures have excellent energy absorption capacity, combined with good mechanical properties and low density. Some of the authors of this paper proposed an innovative Metallic Foam Shell protective device against flying ballast impact damage in railway axles. A closed-cell aluminium foam was chosen for the Metallic Foam Shell device. The main goal of this study was the experimental investigation of the impact responses of aluminium foam panels. Low velocity impact tests were carried out at different energies on different types of aluminium foam panels in order to investigate the effects of some parameters, such as core thickness, skin material and layer. Tests were conducted at repeated impacts on aluminium foam panels without and with skins made of aluminium and glass fibre-reinforced polymer. The experimental results were compared and the impacted panels were investigated by means of the nondestructive techniques ultrasonic phased array and digital radiography. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue NondestructiveTesting in Composite Materials Ⅱ)
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15 pages, 7420 KiB  
Article
A Diagnostics of Conveyor Belt Splices
by Tomasz Kozłowski, Jacek Wodecki, Radosław Zimroz, Ryszard Błażej and Monika Hardygóra
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6259; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10186259 - 09 Sep 2020
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 3570
Abstract
Damage detection in complex mechanical structures is important for cost-effective and safe operation. Conveyor belts with steel cords are used for bulk material transport in mining companies. Due to harsh environmental conditions, both covers and cords are subjected to damage. As lengths of [...] Read more.
Damage detection in complex mechanical structures is important for cost-effective and safe operation. Conveyor belts with steel cords are used for bulk material transport in mining companies. Due to harsh environmental conditions, both covers and cords are subjected to damage. As lengths of conveyors may vary from dozens of meters to kilometers, a belt loop consists of many connected belt pieces. Thus, the condition of splices between belt pieces is also critical. For both steel cord damage/wear detection and splice condition evaluations the NDT techniques based on magnetic field measurement and variability analysis are used. To obtain appropriate resolution, multi-channel data are collected. Here we propose a pre-processing technique developed for signal synchronization for biased splices data. The biased splices mean a phase shift between signals from a multi-channel sensor due to the design technology of the splice. As the quality of the splice is related to the appropriate precision of splice production, splice evaluation is defined as a similarity analysis of each signal with respect to the estimated pattern. Due to the mentioned phase shift, signals should be "synchronized" first, before final analysis. In industrial conditions, many factors may influence the signal shape. Thus, the problem of automated synchronization by shifting the signals may be defined as a multidimensional optimization problem. Here, we proposed to use a genetic algorithm with an algorithmically simple cost function for that purpose. In this paper, the authors propose an automated procedure applied to real measurement data and final results. A multidimensional optimization has been compared to simple signal shifting according to several criteria, and GA-based results were the best. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue NondestructiveTesting in Composite Materials Ⅱ)
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17 pages, 7762 KiB  
Article
Damage Detection of CFRP Stiffened Panels by Using Cross-Correlated Spatially Shifted Distributed Strain Sensors
by Monica Ciminello, Natalino Daniele Boffa, Antonio Concilio, Bernardino Galasso, Fulvio Romano and Ernesto Monaco
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(8), 2662; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10082662 - 12 Apr 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2133
Abstract
This paper presents a cross-correlation function-based method applied to a spatially shifted differential strain readout vectors using distributed sensors under backscattering random noise and impact excitations. Structural damage is generated by low/medium energy impact on two aeronautical 24-ply CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) [...] Read more.
This paper presents a cross-correlation function-based method applied to a spatially shifted differential strain readout vectors using distributed sensors under backscattering random noise and impact excitations. Structural damage is generated by low/medium energy impact on two aeronautical 24-ply CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) stiffened panels. Two different drop impact locations, two different sensor layouts and two different post-impact solicitations are provided for a skin-stringer debonding detection and length estimation. The differential signal with respect to an arbitrarily selected grounding is used. Then the effects of noise filtering are evaluated post-processing the differential signal by cross-correlating two strain vectors having one sensor gauge position lag. A Rayleigh backscattering sensing technology, with 5 mm of spatial resolution, is used to log the strain map. The results show a good coherence with respect to the NDI (nondestructive inspection) performed by ultrasonic C-scan (an ultrasonic imaging system) flaw detector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue NondestructiveTesting in Composite Materials Ⅱ)
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