Optical Interconnects

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2017) | Viewed by 20107

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Informatics Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: optical interconnects; optical RAM and optical buffering; optical access and radio-over-fiber networks; optical signal processing for data routing and switching; biophotonics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optical Interconnect technologies are rapidly gaining momentum in HPC and DataCenter architectures, aiming at enabling an energy-efficient transition to Exascale processing systems. The effort for delivering the optimal solution at every interconnect hierarchy level inevitably expands along a range of different photonic technologies, spanning from integrated photonic technologies through electro-optic printed circuit boards and up to novel architectures and protocols. The recent commercialization of mid-board optical subassemblies and silicon photonic transceiver modules confirms the benefits of bringing optics closer to the processor and memory chip modules, while world-wide efforts for new Rack-Scale and Disintegrated Computing architectural schemes rely on the extensive use of forward-looking optical interconnect platforms. The main purpose of this Special Issue is to consolidate recent research and the most important advances along all relevant technologies and architectures in the field of optical interconnects. Towards this goal, this Special Issue solicits (but is not limited to) research work among the following areas:

Keywords: 

  1. Photonic Integrated Circuits for Optical Interconnects

  2. Novel Optical Waveguide and Interconnect Technologies

  3. Nanophotonics for Optical Interconnects

  4. Electrical-Optical PCB Technologies

  5. Embedded and Board-Edge Optics

  6. Optical I/Os, PIC and Board-level interfaces and assembly

  7. Fiber Optics and Micro-Optics Integration

  8. Optical Interconnect Devices and Systems

  9. Bandwidth density, Energy-per-Bit, Power and Bandwidth-adaptive technologies

  10. Effective modulation formats and supporting electronic and photonic technologies (PAM4, 16QAM, PPM, etc.)

  11. Novel and energy-efficient DataCenter architectures exploiting Optical Interconnect technologies

  12. New computing architectures exploiting optical interconnect technologies

  13. Software-Defined Optical Networking using optical interconnect technologies

Prof. Nikos Pleros

Guest Editor

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 4262 KiB  
Article
A 25.78-Gbit/s × 4-ch Active Optical Cable with Ultra-Compact Form Factor for High-Density Optical Interconnects
by Naohiro Kohmu, Toshiaki Takai, Norio Chujo and Hideo Arimoto
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(1), 137; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app8010137 - 18 Jan 2018
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5081
Abstract
A 25.78-Gbit/s × 4-ch active optical cable (AOC) with an ultra-compact form factor is proposed. The size of the proposed AOC is 5.2 cm3, which is 55% smaller than the standard form factor of Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP28), and 45% [...] Read more.
A 25.78-Gbit/s × 4-ch active optical cable (AOC) with an ultra-compact form factor is proposed. The size of the proposed AOC is 5.2 cm3, which is 55% smaller than the standard form factor of Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP28), and 45% smaller than that of Micro Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (μQSFP). As a result of utilizing a high-efficiency heat-dissipation structure and optimizing signal transmission lines and ground vias, the proposed AOC achieves high-heat dissipation and low-crosstalk characteristics. Furthermore, the proposed AOC demonstrated 25.78-Gbit/s error-free optical transmission over a 100-m Optical Multimode 3 (OM3) multimode fiber under all-channels (4-ch) operation and case temperature (Tc) of 70 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Interconnects)
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17 pages, 5431 KiB  
Article
Silicon Photonics towards Disaggregation of Resources in Data Centers
by Miltiadis Moralis-Pegios, Nikolaos Terzenidis, George Mourgias-Alexandris and Konstantinos Vyrsokinos
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(1), 83; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app8010083 - 10 Jan 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3748
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate two subsystems based on Silicon Photonics, towards meeting the network requirements imposed by disaggregation of resources in Data Centers. The first one utilizes a 4 × 4 Silicon photonics switching matrix, employing Mach Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) with Electro-Optical [...] Read more.
In this paper, we demonstrate two subsystems based on Silicon Photonics, towards meeting the network requirements imposed by disaggregation of resources in Data Centers. The first one utilizes a 4 × 4 Silicon photonics switching matrix, employing Mach Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) with Electro-Optical phase shifters, directly controlled by a high speed Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board for the successful implementation of a Bloom-Filter (BF)-label forwarding scheme. The FPGA is responsible for extracting the BF-label from the incoming optical packets, carrying out the BF-based forwarding function, determining the appropriate switching state and generating the corresponding control signals towards conveying incoming packets to the desired output port of the matrix. The BF-label based packet forwarding scheme allows rapid reconfiguration of the optical switch, while at the same time reduces the memory requirements of the node’s lookup table. Successful operation for 10 Gb/s data packets is reported for a 1 × 4 routing layout. The second subsystem utilizes three integrated spiral waveguides, with record-high 2.6 ns/mm2, delay versus footprint efficiency, along with two Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (SOA-MZI) wavelength converters, to construct a variable optical buffer and a Time Slot Interchange module. Error-free on-chip variable delay buffering from 6.5 ns up to 17.2 ns and successful timeslot interchanging for 10 Gb/s optical packets are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Interconnects)
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22234 KiB  
Article
Competitive Evaluation of Planar Embedded Glass and Polymer Waveguides in Data Center Environments
by Richard Pitwon, Kai Wang, Akira Yamauchi, Takaaki Ishigure, Henning Schröder, Marcel Neitz and Mayank Singh
Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(9), 940; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app7090940 - 13 Sep 2017
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5498
Abstract
Optical printed circuit board (OPCB) waveguide materials and fabrication methods have advanced considerably over the past 15 years, giving rise to two classes of embedded planar graded index waveguide based on polymer and glass. We consider the performance of these two emerging waveguide [...] Read more.
Optical printed circuit board (OPCB) waveguide materials and fabrication methods have advanced considerably over the past 15 years, giving rise to two classes of embedded planar graded index waveguide based on polymer and glass. We consider the performance of these two emerging waveguide classes in view of the anticipated deployment in data center environments of optical transceivers based on directly modulated multimode short wavelength VCSELs against those based on longer wavelength single-mode photonic integrated circuits. We describe the fabrication of graded index polymer waveguides, using the Mosquito and photo-addressing methods, and graded index glass waveguides, using ion diffusion on thin glass foils. A comparative characterization was carried out on the waveguide classes to show a clear reciprocal dependence of the performance of different waveguide classes on wavelength. Furthermore, the different waveguide types were connected into an optically disaggregated data switch and storage system to evaluate and validate their suitability for deployment in future data center environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Interconnects)
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7070 KiB  
Article
Construction of Nonblocking Wavelength/Space Switches with AWGs and WSSes
by Bey-Chi Lin and Chin-Tau Lea
Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(6), 555; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app7060555 - 26 May 2017
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5053
Abstract
In this paper, we how to use two technologies, AWG (arrayed-waveguide grating) and WSS (wavelength selective switches), to design nonblocking wavelength/space optical cross connects. An AWG is a passive device and can route multiple wavelengths simultaneously. However, to apply AWGs, there are several [...] Read more.
In this paper, we how to use two technologies, AWG (arrayed-waveguide grating) and WSS (wavelength selective switches), to design nonblocking wavelength/space optical cross connects. An AWG is a passive device and can route multiple wavelengths simultaneously. However, to apply AWGs, there are several issues to consider, including the wavelength conversion range, crosstalk, and switch size constraint. We show a decomposition technique for designing an AWG-based nonblocking wavelength/space switch. The decomposition is carried out in a transformed space network. The new technique is simpler in concept and more flexible in setting switch sizes. We also study another class of wavelength/space switches that are based on WSSes and compare the two approaches in terms of the scalability, switch size constraint, and number of WCs (wavelength converters) required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Interconnects)
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