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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 32870

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gaspare Palaia

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Guest Editor

Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
Interests: oral medicine; oral pathology; oral surgery; laser; photobiomodulation photo; public health; prevention
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to announce a new Special Issue of the journal Applied Science .

The main topics of this Special Issue will be oral pathology and oral medicine. In this Special Issue, we aim to publish reviews, original articles, clinical studies, case reports, and case series that could help oral pathologists to better understand the pathology, etiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of oral conditions of the head, neck, and oral mucosal structures; orofacial pain conditions; salivary gland disorders; and taste disorders. The dental management of people with medical problems and/or complicated medical conditions is also a topic of interest. Our goal is to present recent findings to improve clinical decision-making and care of medical disorders affecting the oral and maxillofacial areas.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

Potentially malignant disorders and oral carcinoma: diagnosis and management;
Diagnosis and treatment of benign lesions of the oral mucosa;
Oral diseases in patients with systemic problems;
Management of oral and maxillofacial pain;
New technologies in dentistry and oral pathology;
Management of special needs patients;
Management of interesting clinical cases.

We hope you will contribute with your high-quality research and we look forward to hearing from you.

Dr. Gaspare Palaia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

oral medicine
oral cancer
potentially malignant disorders
orofacial pain
oral biopsy
diagnosis
laser
dental disorders
molecular analysis

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 439 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Rapid Detection of Porphyromonas Gingivalis

by Marcin Lenkowski, Kacper Nijakowski, Patryk Woś, Mariusz Kaczmarek and Anna Surdacka

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2500; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13042500 - 15 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1305

Abstract

Periodontitis is a highly prevalent oral disease occurring across the globe, resulting from an interaction of many predisposing factors. Our study aimed to determine some chosen periopathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannarella forsythia) using three different methods: loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR), and to compare their sensitivity and specificity. The study included 62 patients with diagnosed periodontitis. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from all patients to take samples of bacterial DNA for the further laboratory molecular analyses. In comparison to the gold standard (qPCR), the best diagnostic quality parameters were achieved for LAMP using the TE buffer for the P. gingivalis determination. Therefore, the LAMP is an analytical technique that could be used to quickly assess the presence of periopathogens in an outpatient setting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Medicine, Theory, Methods and Applications)

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11 pages, 1176 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bone Modifications Induced by Rapid Maxillary Expander: A Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Pilot Study Comparing Two Different Cephalometric Software Programs

by Maria Francesca Sfondrini, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Serena Dicorato, Claudia Todaro, Maria Gloria Nardi, Simone Gallo, Paola Gandini and Andrea Scribante

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4313; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12094313 - 24 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1372

Abstract

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) allows for more accurate 3D study of the craniofacial region and the development of a very precise treatment plan. The present pilot study aims to evaluate the skeletal outcomes of the rapid maxillary expander (RME) on the sagittal, transverse and vertical planes in growing patients subjected to CBCT at T0 and T1, and to compare the results from two different programs. The effects of the RME are monitored in 11 patients who were subjected to CBCT at T0, before the expansion, and at T1, 6 months after the end of the RME therapy. The results obtained are evaluated using two programs: Simplant and Delta-Dent. All of the analyses were performed by the same operator. Both programs reported statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-expansion values of the parameters on the transverse plane. On the vertical plane, only posterior facial height showed a statistically relevant variation. Both programs underlined a discrepancy between the pre- and post-expansion infraorbital and mental foramina distance values; however, this difference was considered statistically significant by Delta-Dent, and not by Simplant. CBCT is a reliable and effective tool for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Both of the evaluated programs are efficient in tridimensional cephalometric analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Medicine, Theory, Methods and Applications)

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13 pages, 1037 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Damage to Oral Mucosae Induced by Weekend Alcohol Consumption: The Role of Gender and Alcohol Concentration

by Laura Ligia González-López, Ángel Morales-González, Alejandra Sosa-Gómez, Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán, Liliana Anguiano-Robledo, Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar, Isela Álvarez-González, Luis Delgado-Olivares, Carmen Valadez-Vega, César Esquivel-Chirino, Nancy Vargas-Mendoza and José A. Morales-González

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3464; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12073464 - 29 Mar 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5644

Abstract

The damage caused by chronic alcohol consumption is frequently reported, but the effects caused by weekend recreational consumption, which is much more frequent than even daily consumption, have not, to our knowledge, been reported. The metabolism of ethanol, once consumed, starts from the mouth, and the biotransformation process follows different routes. In this study, the effect of weekend alcohol consumption on the oral cavity was observed. Methods: Thirty male and female rats were divided into six groups (n = 5), with control groups (male/female) and groups administered with 5% and 40% ethanol solution ad libitum consumption 2 days a week for 3 months. After treatment, the animals were sacrificed, an incisional slice of the cheek and back of the tongue was obtained, and the tissues were processed according to the histological technique and routine staining (hematoxylin-eosin, H&E). Samples were observed using light microscopy. Results: Histological changes were observed in samples of tongue and cheek mucosa including different levels of keratinization of the surface layer. Epithelial dysplasia, acanthosis, and chronic inflammation were also observed. The vascularization level also increased because of the ethanol-induced damage. The results were very similar between female and male groups. Conclusion: Weekend alcohol consumption for a period of 3 months causes oral-cavity tissue alterations that could contribute to tumor growth and the development of cancer in the oral cavity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Medicine, Theory, Methods and Applications)

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12 pages, 1852 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bruxism Influence on Volume and Interleukin-1β Concentration of Gingival Crevicular Fluid: A Preliminary Study

by Kacper Nijakowski, Martyna Ortarzewska, Alicja Morawska, Alicja Brożek, Marcin Nowicki, Dorota Formanowicz and Anna Surdacka

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 2089; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12042089 - 17 Feb 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2017

Abstract

Bruxism is occlusal behaviour that often leads to stomatognathic system overload. Inflammatory markers in the periodontium are detectable in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). GCF production fluctuates due to various factors. Our study aimed to assess the effect of tooth clenching or grinding on GCF volume and proinflammatory IL-1β concentration in GCF. This pilot study was carried out on 20 participants aged 21 to 28 with good general health (per 10 people studied and control groups). GCF volume was measured with Periotron 8010 after absorbing for 30 s with PerioPaper strips. Twelve samples were collected from each patient—the buccal and lingual surfaces of teeth 16, 11, 24, 36, 31, and 44 were included. Laboratory examination of IL-1β concentration was performed. In patients with pathological tooth wear, a tendency to increase GCF secretion and IL-1β concentration in GCF was found. GCF volumes were higher in posterior teeth, while IL-1β levels were higher in anterior teeth. Crevices at the molars seem to have a potential predictive value in diagnosing periodontal microinflammation in patients with probable bruxism. Due to occlusal overload, these bruxists are more prone to microinflammatory processes in the periodontium. Further studies in a broader group are required to confirm this correlation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Medicine, Theory, Methods and Applications)

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14 pages, 2166 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pain Relief and Antimicrobial Activity in Alveolar Osteitis after Platelet-Rich Fibrin Application—A Non-Randomized Controlled Study

by Damian Chybicki and Anna Janas-Naze

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1324; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12031324 - 26 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2067

Abstract

The objective was to compare pain relief in alveolar osteitis achieved by the application of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and aspirin cones, and to assess the influence of both treatments on bacterial concentrations in post-extraction wounds. A split-mouth, single-center, non-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 30 patients. Pain relief was assessed using the visual analog scale at three time points (before, 24 h after, and 48 h after intervention). Bacterial concentrations were evaluated from cultures of swab samples collected at the three time points. A Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was performed to detect differences in distributions of scalar variables between treatment with PRF and aspirin cones. Pain relief at 24 h and 48 h after treatment was significantly higher (p = 0.003) with PRF application than with aspirin cone placement. Additionally, PRF application caused a significantly higher reduction in aerobic bacteria concentration, an average increase, instead of a decrease, in lactic acid bacilli concentration in the first 24 h, and a significantly greater increase in streptococci concentration at 48 h follow-up. PRF provides better pain relief than aspirin cones in alveolar osteitis. Bacterial concentrations in the extraction wounds are consistent with the pain relief achieved after PRF or aspirin application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Medicine, Theory, Methods and Applications)

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10 pages, 1496 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bibliometric Analysis of Dental Erosion (2011–2020)

by Laura Marqués Martínez, Carla Borrell García, Clara Guinot Barona, Paula Boo Gordillo and Esther García Miralles

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 10971; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112210971 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1541

Abstract

During the past decade, an increase in the number of studies about dental erosion has been observed. The aim of the present study was to describe the current trends in published scientific articles related to dental erosion between 2011 and 2020. Data of the authors, year and language of publication were analyzed. A bibliometric analysis of the articles published in PubMed was conducted using the MeSH terms (dental erosion) and (tooth erosion) using the Boolean operator OR/AND. A sample of n = 1090 articles published during the past ten years (2011–2020) was obtained. The variables analyzed were the language of the article, the year of publishing, the number of authors, the affiliations of the first and last author and the relationship between them. The countries of origin of the first and last author were ranked according to the number of publications, led by Brazil, the UK, and the USA. During the analysis of the type of article, we observed that 79.4% of all publications were research articles. In recent years, a significant increase in research articles on dental erosion has been observed, especially in Brazil and the UK, with a high number of publications of translational articles in humans and cross-sectional observational studies. The main findings in this article will help researchers, academics and students to characterize scientific results regarding dental erosion, to evaluate management strategies and to identify important topics and issues that will help design future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Medicine, Theory, Methods and Applications)

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19 pages, 4086 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship between Stress Levels Measured by a Questionnaire and the Data Obtained by Smart Glasses and Finger Pulse Oximeters among Polish Dental Students

by Katarzyna Mocny-Pachońska, Rafał J. Doniec, Szymon Sieciński, Natalia J. Piaseczna, Marek Pachoński and Ewaryst J. Tkacz

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8648; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11188648 - 17 Sep 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3015

Abstract

Stress is a physical, mental, or emotional response to a change and is a significant problem in modern society. In addition to questionnaires, levels of stress may be assessed by monitoring physiological signals, such as via photoplethysmogram (PPG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA), facial expressions, and head and body movements. In our study, we attempted to find the relationship between the perceived stress level and physiological signals, such as heart rate (HR), head movements, and electrooculographic (EOG) signals. The perceived stress level was acquired by self-assessment questionnaires in which the participants marked their stress level before, during, and after performing a task. The heart rate was acquired with a finger pulse oximeter and the head movements (linear acceleration and angular velocity) and electrooculographic signals were recorded with JINS MEME ES_R smart glasses (JINS Holdings, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). We observed significant differences between the perceived stress level, heart rate, the power of linear acceleration, angular velocity, and EOG signals before performing the task and during the task. However, except for HR, these signals were poorly correlated with the perceived stress level acquired during the task. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Medicine, Theory, Methods and Applications)

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10 pages, 491 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Patient’s Perception and Acceptance of Tele(oral)Medicine for Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Survey

by Gianluca Tenore, Gian Marco Podda, Giuseppe La Torre, Federica Rocchetti, Gaspare Palaia, Carlo Di Paolo, Antonella Polimeni and Umberto Romeo

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7443; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11167443 - 13 Aug 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1701

Abstract

The aim of this cross-sectional pilot survey was to assess patients’ perception and acceptance of a tele(oral)medicine program during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a telephone survey on 84 patients of MoMax ambulatory at the Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery at “Sapienza” University of Rome, Polyclinic Umberto I. Demographic characteristics of the patients were recorded, and a 24 question-survey was completed. A Chi-square test and an ANOVA test were performed with a significance level of 5% to determine the association between two target questions of the survey (Q22 and Q23) and specific variables such as computer skills, conditions influencing the experience of the conventional visit, and the difficulty in taking intraoral photos. Sixty-two (73.8%) patients declared an interest in the use of a tele(oral)medicine program. Furthermore, 41 (48.8%) participants preferred this type of visit to a conventional odontostomatological visit. Significative statistical associations were found between patients’ interest in a tele(oral)medicine service and computer skills, conditions influencing the experience of the conventional visit, and the difficulty in taking intraoral photos. Our study showed that the tele(oral)medicine program appears to meet the expectations and needs of our patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Medicine, Theory, Methods and Applications)

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10 pages, 2239 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Disinclusion of Palatally Impacted Canines with Surgical and Photobiomodulating Action of a Diode Laser: Case Series

by Alessandra Impellizzeri, Martina Horodynski, Adriana De Stefano, Elisabetta Guercio-Monaco, Gaspare Palaia, Emanuela Serritella, Antonella Polimeni and Gabriella Galluccio

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 4869; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11114869 - 26 May 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5887

Abstract

Background: The permanent maxillary canine is the most impacted tooth after third molars. There are many possible surgical techniques to approach impacted canines. The literature reports that high-intensity laser therapies (HILTs) can be used for opercolectomy of an impacted tooth. The aim of this study is to propose a new orthodontic-surgical approach using a laser for the disinclusion of palatally impacted canines. Methods: Nine patients presented maxillary primary canine persistence in the dental arch. Orthopanoramic X-ray and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) showed the impaction of permanent maxillary canines. Surgical exposure was performed using a diode laser (Raffaello, DMT, Lissone, Italy, 980 nm + 645 nm). No orthodontic devices were applied for impacted tooth traction. Canine movement was monitored at 1, 8, 16 weeks post-surgery with photos and a CS3500 intraoral scanner (Carestream Dental, Atlanta USA) to evaluate their autonomous eruption. Results: No complications were observed. In all the cases, complete disimpaction of the treated canines was obtained in only four months. Conclusions: Impacted canine exposure with a diode laser has many advantages if compared with traditional surgery. The pre-orthodontic exposure and autonomous eruption of impacted canines provided simplified and predictable outcomes. The absence of traction and the reduced time for orthodontic treatment increased compliance during the orthodontic alignment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Medicine, Theory, Methods and Applications)

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Review

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15 pages, 694 KiB

Open AccessReview

Oral Manifestations in Children and Young Adults with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature

by Maria Contaldo, Rossella Santoro, Antonio Romano, Francesca Loffredo, Dario Di Stasio, Fedora Della Vella, Michele Scivetti, Massimo Petruzzi, Rosario Serpico and Alberta Lucchese

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5408; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11125408 - 10 Jun 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3303

Abstract

Down syndrome (DS) is an autosomal disorder associated with mental and physical involvement. The typical craniofacial phenotype and the dental anomalies in DS subjects have been widely described, but a systematic report on the manifestations affecting the oral mucosae in children with DS is still lacking. This systematic review aimed to establish the prevalence of oral mucosal manifestations in children/young adults with DS. Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus were investigated in September 2020. Documents in English on DS children/young adults (up to 25 years) reporting oral mucosal findings were considered. Study quality was assessed with ROBIN-I. Of the 150 references retrieved, 14 studies were considered eligible. The risk of bias ranged from low to unclear. Fissured tongue appeared to increase with age and was more prevalent in DS children than in the general population. Lip fissures and cheilitis were heterogeneously reported. Candida spp. carriage with and without active candidiasis was more frequent in DS children/young adults than in controls. C. albicans was the most prevalent species. Few other oral mucosal conditions have been reported sporadically. The heterogeneity of the works revealed the need for more appropriate oral examination to intercept the oral manifestations of oral mucosa and prevent recurrent candidiasis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Medicine, Theory, Methods and Applications)

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17 pages, 1947 KiB

Open AccessReview

Prevention of Recurrence of Oral HPV-Related Lesions: Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis

by Gaspare Palaia, Chiara Ciolfi, Alessandro Del Vecchio, Alessandro Ciolfi, Gianluca Tenore and Umberto Romeo

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 4194; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11094194 - 05 May 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2379

Abstract

(1) Background The incidence of oral cavity lesions related to human papillomavirus (HPV) is 3%. There are no reliable data in the literature on recurrence rates of HPV-related oral cavity lesions. The only data available concern gynecological infections, which have a recurrence rate of ~30%. Recurrence may be due to a failure to completely eradicate the lesion, persistence of the viral infection, or persistence of an immune-compromised state. Therefore, the study aimed to ascertain the most effective therapeutic strategy to achieve complete eradication of the virus and avoid a possible recurrence of lesions, based upon the long-term behavior of the virus with the type of treatment. (2) Methods: Systematic searches of the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov, and SCOPUS were performed. Restrictions were placed on the date of publication and language. Only English or Italian language articles published between Jan 1990 and Dec 2019 were included in the meta-analysis. The following keywords and/or corresponding medical subject heading terms were used: “oral papillomavirus lesions” and “oral HPV lesions” or “treatment”, “therapy”, “therapeutics,” and “management”. (3) Results: Upon systematic literature review of all analyzed HPV-lesion treatment techniques, 36 studies on laser and cold scalpel eradications were selected. These studies document an excellent success rate from excisional treatments using both laser and cold scalpel and report low recurrence rates with both techniques, respectively 5.98% and 4.07%. (4) Conclusions: The meta-analysis revealed that additional studies with greater sample sizes are needed for these two treatment methods. It would also be appropriate to carry out case-controlled studies, preferably RCTs, to determine the best treatment for eradicating HPV-related lesions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Medicine, Theory, Methods and Applications)

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