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Applied Sciences
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Degradation and Transformation of Drugs and Organic Pollutants in Wastewater:...
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Degradation and Transformation of Drugs and Organic Pollutants in Wastewater: Detection, Environmental Fate, and Remediation

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2022) | Viewed by 4261

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Armando Zarrelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
Interests: disinfection by-products; disinfection treatments; environmental fate of drugs; natural products; flavonolignans; Silibinin; phosphoramidite chemistry; isolation and structural determination of natural and/or biological active molecules
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giovanni Di Fabio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Edificio 5B - Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
Interests: synthesis of novel modified metabolites (flavonoids/lignans) with pharmacological activity (antiviral, anticancer, neuroprotective agents); chemical synthesis of glycoconjugates; quali- and quantitative analysis of metabolites in nutraceuticals and functional foods; chemical synthesis; characterization and utilizations of natural and modified oligonucleotides

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

Within the term emerging contaminants (EC), there are various biologically active substances of anthropic origin, such as personal care products, drugs, psychoactive substances associated with drug addiction, and the related metabolites. The presence of EC in water is considered one of the most significant environmental problems of the last decade. For this reason, numerous researchers are focusing their efforts to

  1. identify the main organic pollutants in water systems;
  2. develop analytical methods for their quantitative determination;
  3. carry out investigations on the presence of these substances in the water systems of interest;
  4. evaluate the effectiveness of the transformation/removal pathways (in fact, the degradation of EC can lead to the generation of more or less recalcitrant and toxic compounds).

This Special Issue is intended to highlight the most recent advancements and trends within the framework of emerging pollutants. Research papers and reviews illustrating the most interesting developments related to sample preparation, separation science, spectroscopic and analytical techniques, sensors and biosensors, as well as the characterization of derivatives and the evaluation of their acute and chronic toxicity are welcome.

I warmly invite our colleagues to submit their original contributions to this Special Issue in order to provide updates regarding the chemical fate of drugs/biological active molecules and their derivatives in the environment and the evaluation of their properties.

I would be delighted if you could respond to confirm your contribution and the proposed title by 31 March 2021.

Prof. Dr. Armando Zarrelli
Dr. Giovanni Di Fabio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • monitoring
  • environmental transformation
  • by-products
  • chemical and biological treatments

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1229 KiB  
Article
Complete Characterization of Degradation Byproducts of Olmesartan Acid, Degradation Pathway, and Ecotoxicity Assessment
by Giovanni Luongo, Antonietta Siciliano, Giovanni Libralato, Marco Guida, Lorenzo Saviano, Lucio Previtera, Giovanni Di Fabio and Armando Zarrelli
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5393; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11125393 - 10 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1369
Abstract
Antihypertensive drugs are among the most prescribed drugs. Olmesartan acid, of the sartan class, belongs to a relatively new generation of antihypertensive drugs called angiotensin II receptor blockers. There are very few studies on the presence and fate of sartans in the environment, [...] Read more.
Antihypertensive drugs are among the most prescribed drugs. Olmesartan acid, of the sartan class, belongs to a relatively new generation of antihypertensive drugs called angiotensin II receptor blockers. There are very few studies on the presence and fate of sartans in the environment, despite them being marketed in huge quantities, metabolized in low percentages, and detected in wastewater and water bodies. This paper presents a study on the less abundant and more polar fractions that have been neglected in previous studies, which led to the isolation by chromatographic methods of thirteen degradation byproducts (DPs), six of which are new, identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. A mechanism of degradation from the parent drug was proposed. The ecotoxicity of olmesartan acid and identified compounds was evaluated in Aliivibrio fischeri bacteria and Raphidocelis subcapitata algae to assess acute and chronic toxicity. For 75% of the DPs, acute and chronic exposure to the compounds, at concentrations of 5 mg/L, inhibited population growth in the algae and decreased bioluminescence in the bacteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Degradation and Transformation of Drugs and Organic Pollutants in Wastewater: Detection, Environmental Fate, and Remediation)
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12 pages, 4340 KiB  
Article
Amoxicillin in Water: Insights into Relative Reactivity, Byproduct Formation, and Toxicological Interactions during Chlorination
by Antonietta Siciliano, Marco Guida, Giovanni Libralato, Lorenzo Saviano, Giovanni Luongo, Lucio Previtera, Giovanni Di Fabio and Armando Zarrelli
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 1076; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11031076 - 25 Jan 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2306
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have highlighted the consistent finding of amoxicillin in waters destined for wastewater treatment plants, in addition to superficial waters of rivers and lakes in both Europe and North America. In this paper, the amoxicillin degradation pathway was investigated [...] Read more.
In recent years, many studies have highlighted the consistent finding of amoxicillin in waters destined for wastewater treatment plants, in addition to superficial waters of rivers and lakes in both Europe and North America. In this paper, the amoxicillin degradation pathway was investigated by simulating the chlorination process normally used in a wastewater treatment plant to reduce similar emerging pollutants at three different pH values. The structures of 16 isolated degradation byproducts (DPs), one of which was isolated for the first time, were separated on a C-18 column via a gradient HPLC method. Combining mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, we then compared commercial standards and justified a proposed formation mechanism beginning from the parent drug. Microbial growth inhibition bioassays with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus were performed to determine the potential loss of antibacterial activity in isolated degradation byproducts. An increase of antibacterial activity in the DPs was observed compared to the parent compound. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Degradation and Transformation of Drugs and Organic Pollutants in Wastewater: Detection, Environmental Fate, and Remediation)
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