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Applied Sciences
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Application of Semiochemicals and Molecular Signals in Pest Management
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Application of Semiochemicals and Molecular Signals in Pest Management

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Agricultural Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2022) | Viewed by 5843

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Pengfei Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University (BFU), Beijing 100083, China
Interests: reproductive behavior in the forestry insects; identification and characterization of pheromone, host plant and symbiotic fungus volatiles of the forestry insects by methods of EAG, GC-EAD, GC-MS and wind tunnel Y-tube bioassay under laboratory co; field application of semiochemicals derived volatiles lures in China; molecular characteristics of candidate chemosensory genes of the forestry insects
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lilin Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
Interests: multi-species interactions; chemical ecology; ecology genomics; molecular ecology; behaviour; development; immunity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hai-Li Qiao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
Interests: chemical ecology; pests management; reproductive behavior; pheromone; host plant; volatiles; field application; insect-plant interactions; pest control technologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There has been a continual increase in the number of pests or harmful biology (insects, fungi, bacteria, nematodes, rats, rabbits and destructive plants) that represent problems in agricultural and forestry ecology systems. Certain aspects such as the behavior, immune system, development, etc., of pests or harmful biology could be used as new targets in ecological control measures.

Semiochemicals and molecular signals play important roles in pest or harmful biology chemical communication and signal transmission. The study of how semiochemicals and molecular signals in the environment act on pests or harmful biology for interspecific interaction and intraspecific communication and the illumination of the underlying mechanisms will allow for the formulation of corresponding management and protection strategies that have advantages in comparison to the currently available methods. Studies regarding molecular signals will lay a foundation with regard to signal transmission mechanisms for the rapid advancement of gene control in the future.

This Special Issue will focus on “Semiochemicals and molecular signals in harmful biological communication and their application in management”. We welcome novel research, reviews, and opinion pieces covering all related topics, including (1) chemical communication behavior in pests to agricultural and forestry systems or harmful biology; (2) the identification and characterization of semiochemicals derived from pests or harmful biology themselves (pheromones) and host plants, natural enemies, symbiotic fungi, bacteria volatiles, parasitic nematodes, rats, rabbits and destructive plants (allelochemicals) under laboratory conditions; (3) the field application of these semiochemicals; (4) molecular signal transmission mechanisms and screening; the characteristic and function verification of candidate genes or proteins with harmful biology in agricultural and forestry ecology systems.

Prof. Dr. Peng-Fei Lu
Dr. Lilin Zhao
Dr. Hai-Li Qiao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • semiochemicals
  • chemical communication behavior in pests
  • agricultural and forestry ecology systems
  • harmful biology
  • molecular signal transmission mechanisms and screening
  • characteristic and function verification of candidate genes
  • host plants
  • natural enemies
  • symbiotic fungi
  • bacteria volatiles
  • parasitic nematodes
  • rabbits and destructive plants

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1934 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Normalization of Fusarium oxysporum-Resistant Genes’ Expressions in Lilium sargentiae Wilson
by Lulin Ma, Xiang Li, Qing Duan, Wenjie Jia, Wenwen Du, Xiangning Wang, Guangfen Cui, Yiping Zhang and Jihua Wang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3395; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13063395 - 07 Mar 2023
Viewed by 943
Abstract
Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lilii) is one of the most damaging diseases in lily (Lilium sargentiae Wilson). Although some F. oxysporum-resistant lily varieties have been identified and are being utilized in resistant breeding, the regulation network [...] Read more.
Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lilii) is one of the most damaging diseases in lily (Lilium sargentiae Wilson). Although some F. oxysporum-resistant lily varieties have been identified and are being utilized in resistant breeding, the regulation network of the resistance-associated mechanisms is yet to be studied due to the lack of reliable reference genes for qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR) normalization. The reliability of results by qRT-PCR relies mainly on the stability of the reference genes. This study investigated the reliability of nine candidate reference genes (CYP, EF1-α, GAPDH, TUB, UBQ, AQP, HIS, PGK, and RPL13) for qRT-PCR analysis of F. oxysporum-resistant genes. Expression stability analysis via common programs GeNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder, at different time points post-inoculation of F. oxysporum, revealed that all nine genes met the basic requirements of reference genes. Amongst them, HIS and GAPDH displayed the highest and the lowest expression stability, respectively. The reliability of HIS was further validated by analyzing the expression levels of four resistance-related candidate genes. The expression patterns of the four target genes were consistent with their responses to pathogenetic fungi in other plants. Our results show that HIS is the most suitable reference gene for accurately normalizing F. oxysporum-resistant genes’ expressions in L. sargentiae. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Semiochemicals and Molecular Signals in Pest Management)
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10 pages, 2288 KiB  
Article
Teflon Coating and Anti-Escape Ring Improve Trapping Efficiency of the Longhorn Beetle, Monochamus alternatus
by Yifan Dong, Ping Xie, Kaiwen Zheng, Yutong Gu and Jianting Fan
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1664; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13031664 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1187
Abstract
The longhorn beetle Monochamus alternatus is an important conifer stem-boring pest and the main vector in Asia of the invasive pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which causes a devastating pine disease. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of coating [...] Read more.
The longhorn beetle Monochamus alternatus is an important conifer stem-boring pest and the main vector in Asia of the invasive pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which causes a devastating pine disease. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of coating black panel traps with different concentrations of an anti-adhesive material, Teflon, on Monochamus captures. Tests were also conducted to look at the possible decrease in the Teflon effect with exposure duration as well as the effect of the implementation of an anti-escape ring on the trap. The three tested Teflon concentrations significantly improved the captures of M. alternatus with regard to those with uncoated traps. The beetle captures increased by 108.3% in traps coated with a 4x Teflon dilution, but no significant differences in captures were observed when the traps were coated with either a Teflon stock solution or a 8x dilution. The trapping efficiency gradually decreased with the duration of exposure of the coated traps. No significant difference was observed after one year of exposure, but the trapping efficiency significantly decreased by 36.6% after 2 years and by 72.0% after 3 years. Two-year old, coated traps equipped with an anti-escape ring were nearly three times more efficient than those without an anti-escape ring, but the captures were still lower than those obtained with newly coated traps. The present study provides valuable information for the future development of environmentally friendly prevention methods. Attractants combined with Teflon coating and an anti-escape ring could significantly improve the trapping efficiency of M. alternatus adults, which may allow for the reduction of the population density of M. alternatus and transmission probability of pine wilt disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Semiochemicals and Molecular Signals in Pest Management)
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11 pages, 1210 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Compatibility of Three Native Isolates of Trichoderma with the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos
by Ana María Sabogal-Vargas, Juan Wilson-Krugg, Walter Rojas-Villacorta, Magaly De La Cruz-Noriega, Nelida Milly Otiniano, Segundo Rojas-Flores and Karol Mendoza-Villanueva
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 811; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13020811 - 06 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1638
Abstract
The compatibility between biocontrol agents and pesticides seems to be a sustainable control strategy in agriculture. Therefore, the in vitro compatibility of three native isolates of Trichoderma was evaluated in three concentrations of chlorpyrifos (960, 1200, and 1440 mg/L), by determining the effect [...] Read more.
The compatibility between biocontrol agents and pesticides seems to be a sustainable control strategy in agriculture. Therefore, the in vitro compatibility of three native isolates of Trichoderma was evaluated in three concentrations of chlorpyrifos (960, 1200, and 1440 mg/L), by determining the effect on spore germination, mycelial growth, and the antagonistic capacity. The isolates correspond to Trichoderma asperellum TCA 3, Trichoderma asperellum TCA 21 and Trichoderma harzianum TCA 23. Both spore germination and mycelial growth were performed using the poisoned medium method, while the antagonistic capacity was evaluated against Botrytis sp. in a dual culture. The results showed that TCA 21 strain had a higher germination percentage (79.46, 59.79, and 37.43%) than the TCA 3 and TCA 23 strains, in the three concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Regarding the mycelial growth of the three native strains in chlorpyrifos are affected when concentration of chlorpyrifos increase (p < 0.05). Finally, the antagonistic capacity of the three strains was not affected by any concentration of chlorpyrifos, where strains TCA 21 and TCA 23 presented a degree of antagonism of one, while TCA 3 presented a degree of two, according to the scale used by Bell. In conclusion, T. asperellum TCA 21 was the one that presented the best in vitro compatibility with chlorpyrifos at concentrations of 960 and 1200 mg/L, compared to T. asperellum TCA 3 and TCA 23. These results are favorable for field application since these native strains can also have the ability to degrade the insecticide, representing a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Semiochemicals and Molecular Signals in Pest Management)
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13 pages, 3235 KiB  
Article
Selection and Validation of Reliable Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Normalization of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus from Different Temperature Conditions and Developmental Stages
by Yajing Wu, Jiao Zhou, Yaning Liu, Yutong Gu, Hongxia Zhang, Faheem Ahmad, Guochang Wang and Lili Ren
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 2880; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12062880 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1493
Abstract
Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a powerful technique for studying gene expression. The key to quantitative accuracy depends on the stability of the reference genes used for data normalization under different experimental conditions. Pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) [...] Read more.
Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a powerful technique for studying gene expression. The key to quantitative accuracy depends on the stability of the reference genes used for data normalization under different experimental conditions. Pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is the causal agent of the devastating pine wilt disease (PWD). Extensive and prompt research is needed to understand the molecular mechanism of PWD, but identification of the reference PWN genes for standardized qRT-PCR has not been reported yet. We have analyzed eight candidate reference genes of PWN across different temperature conditions and developmental stages. Delta Ct method, GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder algorithms were used to evaluate the stability of expression of these genes. Finally, we use heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in different temperatures and arginine kinase gene (AK) in different developmental stages to confirm the stability of these genes. UBCE and EF1γ were most stable across different temperature treatments, whereas EF1γ and Actin were most stable across different developmental stages. In general, these results indicate that EF1γ is the most stable gene for qRT-PCR under different conditions. The systematic analysis of qRT-PCR reference gene selection will be helpful for future functional analysis and exploration of B. xylophilus genetic resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Semiochemicals and Molecular Signals in Pest Management)
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