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Applied Sciences
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Skeletal Biomechanics
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Skeletal Biomechanics

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2022) | Viewed by 8152

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Andrew T.M. Phillips

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
Imperial College London, London, UK
Interests: skeletal biomechanics; bone structure; bone properties; bone development; bone adaptation; comparative biomechanics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is devoted to showcasing the study of skeletal biomechanics across length scales. We seek submissions ranging from the exploration of trabecular and cortical bone architecture at the nano and microscale to meso and macroscale studies investigating the role of the muscular system in influencing the external shape and internal structural properties of whole bones.

Topics of interest include:

  • Investigation of the relationship between bone function and form;
  • Human and comparative biomechanics;
  • Phenomenological and mechanistic approaches to the investigation of bone development and bone adaptation;
  • Studies combining multiple experimental and in-silico methodologies, such as imaging, gait analysis, musculoskeletal modelling, and finite element modelling.

As a way to emphasize skeletal biomechanics as an interface discipline, at the intersection of engineering, medicine, and design, authors are encouraged to utilize and adapt approaches borrowed from other disciplines and to highlight where their findings could have application and impact beyond the field.

Dr. Andrew T.M. Phillips
Collection Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • skeletal biomechanics
  • bone structure
  • bone properties
  • bone development
  • bone adaptation
  • comparative biomechanics

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 710 KiB  
Article
Abdominal Adiposity Increases Lordosis and Doubles the Risk of Low Back Pain
by Rebeca Saludes, Paula Acevedo, Ignacio Zaragoza García, Álvaro Gómez Carrión, Carlos Martínez Sebastián, Almudena Núñez Fernández, Isabel Seco-Armell and Rubén Sánchez-Gómez
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7616; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12157616 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2684
Abstract
Vertebral disorders have significant health and economic impacts, and due to aging and current lifestyle habits, there is a trend toward their increase. Obesity and the alignment of vertebral curvatures can be associated with back pain. Objective: This study aims to analyze whether [...] Read more.
Vertebral disorders have significant health and economic impacts, and due to aging and current lifestyle habits, there is a trend toward their increase. Obesity and the alignment of vertebral curvatures can be associated with back pain. Objective: This study aims to analyze whether general and abdominal obesity are associated with cervical, dorsal, and lumbar vertebral pain as well as increased or decreased values of cervical, dorsal, and lumbar vertebral curvatures. Methodology: Body composition, degree of vertebral curvature, and the perception of cervical, dorsal, and lumbar pain were evaluated in a study population of 301 people (>18 years old). Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of several variables of body composition on vertebral angles and cervical, dorsal, and lumbar pain. Results: Lumbar pain was the most prevalent (66.1%), mainly affecting women (70.9%). They were also shown to have greater lumbar angles (p < 0.001). The degrees of lumbar curvature increased, as did the BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio. Cervical and dorsal curvatures were increased by all the variables of adiposity and abdominal adiposity. It was found that people with abdominal obesity carried twice the risk of lower back pain than those without abdominal obesity (OR = 2.172, p < 0.05). In addition, an increased lumbar angle was related to an increased risk of low back pain (OR = 1.031, p < 0.05). Cervical pain, on the other hand, was associated with the waist-height index (OR = 0.948, p <0.01). Conclusions: This study shows that increased lumbar curvature and abdominal obesity may be risk factors for lower back pain. In addition, it shows an association between the amount of body and abdominal fat in relation to the degree of curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane. Investigating the effect of obesity on vertebral morphology and musculoskeletal disorders makes it possible to prescribe interventions and therapeutic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Biomechanics)
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18 pages, 8290 KiB  
Article
Skeletal Muscles of Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Develop Severe Myofiber Damage upon One Week of Admission on the Intensive Care Unit
by Sjoerd Stevens, Paul Hendrickx, Tim Snijders, Ivo Lambrichts, Björn Stessel, Jasperina Dubois, Luc J. C. van Loon, Frank Vandenabeele and Anouk Agten
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 7310; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12147310 - 20 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2092
Abstract
Many critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been submitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection that survive critical illness are confronted with months of physical impairments. To maximize recovery, it is important to understand the musculoskeletal involvement [...] Read more.
Many critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been submitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection that survive critical illness are confronted with months of physical impairments. To maximize recovery, it is important to understand the musculoskeletal involvement in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the present study was to assess the myocellular changes in SARS-CoV-2 patients that occur throughout the first week of ICU admission. In n = 22 critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, a biopsy sample from the vastus lateralis muscle was obtained at day 1–3 and day 5–8 following ICU admission. Fluorescence microscopy was used to assess type I and type II muscle fiber size and distribution, myonuclear content, and muscle tissue capillarization. Transmission electron microscopy was used to support quantitative data at an ultrastructural level. Changes in type I and type II muscle fiber size showed large inter-individual variation. The average change in type I fiber size was +309 ± 1834 µm2, ranging from −2129 µm2 (−31%) to +3375 µm2 (+73%). The average change in type II fiber size was −224 ± 1256 µm2, ranging from −1410 µm2 (−36%) to +2592 µm2 (+48%). Ultrastructural observations showed myofibrillar and hydropic degeneration, and fiber necrosis. This study shows that ICU patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 suffer from substantial muscle fiber damage during ICU admission. These results are a call for action towards more specialized rehabilitation programs for patients admitted to the ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Biomechanics)
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21 pages, 5087 KiB  
Article
An Automated Three-Dimensional Bone Pose Tracking Method Using Clinical Interleaved Biplane Fluoroscopy Systems: Application to the Knee
by Cheng-Chung Lin, Tung-Wu Lu, Jia-Da Li, Mei-Ying Kuo, Chien-Chun Kuo and Horng-Chuang Hsu
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8426; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10238426 - 26 Nov 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2574
Abstract
Model-based tracking of the movement of the tibiofemoral joint via a biplane X-ray imaging system has been commonly used to reproduce its accurate, three-dimensional kinematics. To accommodate the approaches to existing clinical asynchronous biplane fluoroscopy systems and achieve comparable accuracy, this study proposed [...] Read more.
Model-based tracking of the movement of the tibiofemoral joint via a biplane X-ray imaging system has been commonly used to reproduce its accurate, three-dimensional kinematics. To accommodate the approaches to existing clinical asynchronous biplane fluoroscopy systems and achieve comparable accuracy, this study proposed an automated model-based interleaved biplane fluoroscopy image tracking scheme (MIBFT) by incorporating information of adjacent image frames. The MIBFT was evaluated with a cadaveric study conducted on a knee specimen. The MIBFT reproduced skeletal poses and tibiofemoral kinematics that were in good agreement with the standard reference kinematics provided by an optical motion capture system, in which the root-mean-squared (Rms) errors of the skeletal pose parameters ranged from 0.11 to 0.35 mm in translation and 0.18 to 0.49° in rotation. The influences of rotation speed on the pose errors were below 0.23 mm and 0.26°. The MIBFT-determined bias, precision, and Rms error were comparable to those of the reported model-based tracking techniques using custom-made synchronous biplane fluoroscopy. The results suggested that the further use of the clinical imaging system is feasible for the noninvasive and precise examination of dynamic joint functions and kinematics in clinical practice and biomechanical research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Biomechanics)
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