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Applied Sciences
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State-of-the-Art Multiple Sclerosis
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State-of-the-Art Multiple Sclerosis

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 2657

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mariusz Stasiolek

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Guest Editor
Head of Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
Interests: multiple sclerosis; demyelinating CNS disorders; neuroimmunology; immune regulation; organ-specific autoimmunity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mariola Świderek-Matysiak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
Interests: neuroimmunology; multiple sclerosis; autoimmune CNS disorders; myasthenia gravis; neuroinflammation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multiple sclerosis belongs to the most important scientific and clinical challenges of modern neurology. In the last years significant progress has been made both in the diagnostic tools and the therapy of the disease. However, multiple sclerosis remains an incurable disease with insufficiently understood etiopathology. The differential diagnostics may be in many cases hampered and delayed by the vast variety of clinical presentations and the lack of parameters fully specific for the disease.  Effective prognostic and predictive tools are still lacking.

In this Special Issue we invite researchers to present original and review articles describing the current status and new perspectives of the differential diagnostics of multiple sclerosis as well as the application of modern  solutions (including clinical, radiological, molecular parameters, digital systems and others) in the monitoring of the clinical course of the disease and the treatment response.

Prof. Dr. Mariusz Stasiolek
Dr. Mariola Świderek-Matysiak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Demyelinating CNS disorders
  • Differential diagnostics
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Molecular diagnostics
  • Prognostic and predictive factors
  • Disease monitoring
  • Treatment response monitoring
  • Digital analysis
  • Artificial intelligence

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

20 pages, 862 KiB  
Review
Targeting Antigen-Presenting Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment
by Piotr Szpakowski, Dominika Ksiazek-Winiarek and Andrzej Glabinski
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8557; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11188557 - 15 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2210
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is common neurological disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting mostly young adults. Despite decades of studies, its etiology and pathogenesis are not fully unraveled and treatment is still insufficient. The vast majority of studies suggest that the immune [...] Read more.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is common neurological disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting mostly young adults. Despite decades of studies, its etiology and pathogenesis are not fully unraveled and treatment is still insufficient. The vast majority of studies suggest that the immune system plays a major role in MS development. This is also supported by the effectiveness of currently available MS treatments that target immunocompetent cells. In this review, the role of antigen-presenting cells (APC) in MS development as well as the novel therapeutic options targeting those cells in MS are presented. It is known that in MS, peripheral self-antigen-specific immune cells are activated during antigen presentation process and they enter the CNS through the disrupted blood–brain barrier (BBB). Myelin-reactive CD4+ T-cells can be activated by dendritic cells, infiltrating macrophages, microglia cells, or B-cells, which all express MHC class II molecules. There are also suggestions that brain endothelial cells may act as non-professional APCs and present myelin-specific antigens with MHC class II. Similarly, astrocytes, the major glial cells in the CNS, were shown to act as non-professional APCs presenting myelin antigens to autoreactive T-cells. Several currently available MS drugs such as natalizumab, fingolimod, alemtuzumab, and ocrelizumab may modulate antigen presentation in MS. Another way to use this mechanism in MS treatment may be the usage of specific tolerogenic dendritic cells or the induction of tolerance to myelin antigens by peptide vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Multiple Sclerosis)
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