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New Achievements in Structural Dynamics Analysis

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2022) | Viewed by 33358
Related Special Issue: Applications of Finite Element Modeling for Mechanical and Mechatronic Systems

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Marek Krawczuk

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Institute of Mechanics and Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: finite element modeling; numerical modeling; signal processing; numerical analysis; structural analysis; finite element analysis
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Dr. Magdalena Palacz

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Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Management and Organisation, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 26-28, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
Interests: sensing technologies; numerical modelling; damage detection; wave propagation; energy harvesting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Analysis of dynamic behaviour of structures is very important in today's society because it allows, among other things, the reduction of the costs of prototyping and the prediction of the occurrence of potentially dangerous places during operation in certain defined conditions. Different analytical, numerical, and experimental techniques have been used so far to understand the properties of various structural components. Therefore it would be beneficial to gather in one place the latest achievements in the field of structural dynamic analysis.

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue covering the latest interesting research results from both the scientific and industrial societies. The aim of this issue is to provide the reader with a better understanding of the analysis of such phenomena as various vibration type analyses, dynamic stability of structures, dynamic behaviour of periodic structures, and dynamic behaviour of damaged structures. This area of expertise may utilise analytical models, different numerical methods, as well as experimental approaches. We believe that experiences from research communities representing a wide area of engineering needs can satisfy a wide scientific audience.

Prof. Dr. Marek Krawczuk
Prof. Dr. Magdalena Palacz
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

dynamic analysis
numerical modeling
mechanical parameters
stability

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

15 pages, 4022 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Performance Prediction of High-Speed Hydrogen Gas-Lubricated Herringbone Grooved Journal Bearing

by Mingchen Qiang, Qi Zhao, Shaohang Yan, Xue Liu, Yu Hou and Tianwei Lai

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6432; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12136432 - 24 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1476

Abstract

The liquefaction of hydrogen is considered to be a crucial process in the large-scale utilization of hydrogen energy. In hydrogen liquefaction, hydrogen turbo-expander is a key refrigerating machine for high liquefaction efficiency. Performance of the turbo-expander is directly affected by the hydrogen gas bearings. To obtain a deep understanding of the performance characteristics of hydrogen gas bearings, the static and dynamic characteristics of herringbone grooved journal bearings under hydrogen and other lubricating gases were numerically calculated and compared. The bearing load capacity and critical mass of hydrogen gas bearings were slightly lower than those of helium-, air- and nitrogen-lubricated bearings. To improve the performance of the hydrogen gas bearings used in high-speed turbo-machinery, the influence of working conditions was analyzed. It is found that the load capacity of hydrogen gas bearings can be improved by increasing the ambient pressure, reducing the gas film clearance, and raising the bearing eccentricity ratio. Meanwhile, the critical mass increases, and the bearing dynamic stability is enhanced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements in Structural Dynamics Analysis)

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19 pages, 8179 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Identification on an Irregular Structure

by Mariella Diaferio, Dora Foti, Nicola Ivan Giannoccaro and Maria Francesca Sabbà

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3445; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12073445 - 28 Mar 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1818

Abstract

This paper presents the experimental analysis on the “Municipal Headquarters” of Palagianello Town. This is a strategic building with a high complexity at planimetric and altimetric level, so it is interesting the evaluation of its structural dynamic performance in case of seismic emergency management. To this aim, environmental vibrations have been acquired in situ and accelerometers have been positioned in well-defined points. The data were analyzed with an easy and accurate process that includes the Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), to identify the natural frequencies, the mode shapes and the damping ratios with non-destructive testings. Subsequently, the experimental results were compared with those of two numerical models (with and without infill walls) defined by means of the finite element method (FEM); this allowed for better calibration of the model and to arrive at more realistic conclusions about the behavior of the structure. The paper discusses the influence of the stiffness contribution of masonry infills on the dynamic properties of the building. Moreover, it shows that the adoption of ad hoc chosen locations of the sensors could influence the accuracy of the experimental results, especially for structures characterized by irregularities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements in Structural Dynamics Analysis)

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14 pages, 4114 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analytical Research on the Impact Test of Light Steel Keel and Lightweight Concrete of Composite Wall

by Jianyu Yang, Jiaming Zou and Weijun Yang

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 2957; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12062957 - 14 Mar 2022

Viewed by 1352

Abstract

In order to study the impact resistance of light steel keel and lightweight concrete of composite walls (LSKLCW) under low-velocity impact, four composite wall specimens were designed to conduct dynamic simulation impact tests, and the failure mode, time-history curves of strain and displacement were analyzed and studied using test equipment and a loading system. The results show that the failure characteristics of the composite wall sample were elastic–plastic. Moreover, the vertical displacement and strain at the most unfavorable collision point were linearly related to the impingement height. Furthermore, the capacity of the composite wall (such as crack resistance, elastic–plastic deformation and energy dissipation) was affected by the concrete strength and the arrangement of the light steel netting. In addition, the impact resistance of the wall was significantly improved when the concrete strength was enhanced and the light steel netting was installed. Lastly, the test results were fitted and verified through the impact force calculation model of the composite wall, and then the accuracy of the test model was analyzed. The certain experimental basis and theoretical analysis basis for the impact resistance research of the composite wall can be provided by these research results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements in Structural Dynamics Analysis)

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23 pages, 8034 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Approach to Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete 3D Frames; An Accurate and Computational Efficient Mathematical Model

by Ruben Iacob Munteanu, Florin Moţa, Vasile Calofir and Cătălin Baciu

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1692; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12031692 - 07 Feb 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1570

Abstract

The structural engineering community often deals with the issue of inelastic incursions of the structural response. Although buildings situated in seismic regions are usually designed using elastic analysis, most encounter significant inelastic deformations when major events occur. In general, material nonlinearity is the most important source of nonlinearity considered in the dynamic analysis commonly performed in structural design. In this paper, the recent concept of the force analogy method for 3D structures is developed and integrated into an accurate computational efficient algorithmic routine for nonlinear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete frames. Moreover, a unique straightforward mathematical model for the numerical implementation of degrading cyclic behavior of structural elements is proposed and further used to simulate the response of a 10 story reinforced concrete frame structure. A set of nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed using the proposed algorithm in order to assess the structural damage in case of different peak ground accelerations seismic recordings. The seismic structural damage is evaluated using both structural response parameters expressed in terms of displacement and energy concepts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements in Structural Dynamics Analysis)

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12 pages, 4064 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Brake-Disc Holes and Slit Shape Design to Improve Heat Dissipation Performance and Structural Stability

by Soojin Park, Kibum Lee, Sunwoo Kim and Jinho Kim

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1171; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12031171 - 23 Jan 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 8222

Abstract

A brake disc decelerates the vehicle through friction with the brake pads. When the brake system is overheated, brake fade can occur, in which the friction coefficient drops significantly. Additionally, an over-heated brake system may cause vapor lock, in which the brake hydraulic fluid is vaporized. These phenomena can lead to the loss of braking power and cause a fatal accident. Therefore, brake systems must have stable braking and heat dissipation performance. Having through-holes and slits on the friction surface of the rotor has been adopted to improve the heat dissipation performance, but the holes become stress points and potentially cause cracks. Therefore, brake systems should be designed to have structural stability as well as good heat dissipation. In this study, finite element (FE) modeling was developed to analyze the structural stability and heat dissipation performance of a brake system, and structural and thermal simulations were performed in ANSYS, a CAE software package. In addition, to minimize concentrated stress and temperature, optimal design of the shape and pattern of holes and slits was carried out using PIAnO, an integrated optimal design software package. The first step of design optimization was performed while considering the shape and pattern of the disc holes and slits as design factors. Among the design factors, those with the largest effects on the objective functions were found and set as new design factors to perform the second step. The designs were compared to existing discs. Through the optimization presented in this paper, it is expected that the performance of the braking system will improve and the life of the brake parts will be increased. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements in Structural Dynamics Analysis)

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21 pages, 36233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seismic Response Analysis of High-Voltage Bushings and Down Lead Transmission Line Systems in Substations

by Meng Zhang, Ran Wei, Yuanxiang Du and Guifeng Zhao

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1118; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12031118 - 21 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3883

Abstract

Based on an actual ultra-high voltage (UHV) substation, a finite element (FE) model for a high-voltage (HV) bushing, arrester, and down lead transmission line (DLTL) system was built using ANSYS software. The dynamic responses of the system under different seismic intensities were analyzed and compared with those of the corresponding single bushing and arrester. On this basis, the coupling vibration influence of the upper DLTL on the responses of the HV bushing and arrester is discussed. The results indicate that the DLTL adversely affects the responses of the HV bushing and arrester under seismic loading. As the seismic intensity increases, the structural displacements at the top of the HV bushing and arrester increase, accompanied by a reduction in the geometric length redundancy of the DLTL, resulting in a mutual pulling effect between the HV bushing and the arrester and the quick amplification of their respective dynamic responses in a nonlinear form. Under the action of an earthquake with a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.4 g, the maximum stresses at the roots of the HV bushing and the arrester in the system separately increase by approximately 13.02% and 7.80% compared to the corresponding single HV bushing and the arrester. Overall, a geometric length redundancy of at least 200 mm in the DLTL in engineering design is recommended. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements in Structural Dynamics Analysis)

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17 pages, 5514 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Resonance in the Cart-Pendulum System—An Asymptotic Approach

by Wael S. Amer, Tarek S. Amer, Roman Starosta and Mohamed A. Bek

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11567; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112311567 - 06 Dec 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2773

Abstract

The major objective of this research is to study the planar dynamical motion of 2DOF of an auto-parametric pendulum attached with a damped system. Using Lagrange’s equations in terms of generalized coordinates, the fundamental equations of motion (EOM) are derived. The method of multiple scales (MMS) is applied to obtain the approximate solutions of these equations up to the second order of approximation. Resonance cases are classified, in which the primary external and internal resonance are investigated simultaneously to establish both the solvability conditions and the modulation equations. In the context of the stability conditions of these solutions, the equilibrium points are obtained and graphically displayed to derive the probable steady-state solutions near the resonances. The temporal histories of the attained results, the amplitude, and the phases of the dynamical system are depicted in graphs to describe the motion of the system at any instance. The stability and instability zones of the system are explored, and it is discovered that the system’s performance is stable for a significant number of its variables. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements in Structural Dynamics Analysis)

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14 pages, 3122 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Analysis of Cam Wave Generator Based on Free Deformation in Non-Working Area of the Flexspline

by Shuyan Wang, Dongliang Li, Shiteng Mao and Bingkui Chen

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(13), 6049; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11136049 - 29 Jun 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2149

Abstract

Deformation stress of a flexspline under the action of a wave generator directly affects the service life of the flexspline and meshing quality of meshing pair. This study proposed a new deformation model for a flexspline, which incorporates forced deformation in the working area and free deformation in the non-working area, keeping the deformation shape unchanged during rotating. Based on this assumption of a deformation model, the mathematical model is further established, and the design approach of a cam wave generator is developed with the deflection curve of the ring structure. Then, a sample design with a double eccentric arc cam wave generator based on this deformation model is developed and analyzed in FEM. The results show that the deformation stress of the flexspline can be improved by relaxing the forced deformation in the non-working area, and the selected deformation shape can also remain unchanged during rotating. Moreover, the stress distribution and the maximum stress value could be improved with the variation of the combination coefficient, especially for the wrap angle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements in Structural Dynamics Analysis)

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14 pages, 3792 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Modeling of Pressure in the Hydrostatic Formation of a Cylindrical Cup with Different Materials

by Trung-Kien Le, Thi-Thu Nguyen and Ngoc-Tam Bui

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(13), 5814; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11135814 - 23 Jun 2021

Viewed by 1682

Abstract

Forming complex sheet products using hydrostatic forming technology is currently a focus of the majority of forming processes. However, in order to increase stability during the forming process, it is necessary to identify and analyze the dependency of the forming pressure and the quality of a product on input parameters. For the purpose of modeling the forming pressure, this paper presents empirical research on the product of a cylindrical cup made of various materials, including carbon steel (DC04), copper (CDA260), and stainless steel (SUS 304) with different thicknesses (0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.2 mm), under a defined range of binder pressures. The regression method is selected to formulate an equation that shows the relationship between the input parameters, including the materials (ultimate strength and yield stress), workpiece thickness, binder pressure and the output parameter, and the formation of fluid pressure. The mathematical equation allows us to determine the extent of the effect of each input on the forming pressure. The experimental results can be used for the easier planning and forecasting of the process and product quality in hydrostatic forming. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements in Structural Dynamics Analysis)

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19 pages, 10019 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Multiple and Multi-Level Substructure Method for the Dynamics of Complex Structures

by Binbin Wang, Jingze Liu, Zhifu Cao, Dahai Zhang and Dong Jiang

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5570; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11125570 - 16 Jun 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1879

Abstract

Based on the fixed interface component mode synthesis, a multiple and multi-level substructure method for the modeling of complex structures is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the residual structure is selected according to the structural characteristics of the assembled complex structure. Secondly, according to the assembly relationship, the parts assembled with the residual structure are divided into a group of substructures, which are named the first-level substructure, the parts assembled with the first-level substructure are divided into a second-level substructure, and consequently the multi-level substructure model is established. Next, the substructures are dynamically condensed and assembled on the boundary of the residual structure. Finally, the substructure system matrix, which is replicated from the matrix of repeated physical geometry, is obtained by preserving the main modes and the constrained modes and the system matrix of the last level of the substructure is assembled to the upper level of the substructure, one level up, until it is assembled in the residual structure. In this paper, an assembly structure with three panels and a gear box is adopted to verify the method by simulation and a rotor is used to experimentally verify the method. The results show that the proposed multiple and multi-level substructure modeling method is not unique to the selection of residual structures, and different classification methods do not affect the calculation accuracy. The selection of 50% external nodes can further improve the analysis efficiency while ensuring the calculation accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements in Structural Dynamics Analysis)

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Review

Jump to: Research

26 pages, 6079 KiB

Open AccessReview

Research Developments of Aerostatic Thrust Bearings: A Review

by Qi Zhao, Mingchen Qiang, Yu Hou, Shuangtao Chen and Tianwei Lai

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 11887; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122311887 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2149

Abstract

In aerostatic thrust bearings (ATBs), a high-pressure gas film with a certain bearing capacity and stiffness is formed by passing high-pressure gas between the moving surface and the static surface. Aerostatic bearings have outstanding advantages in the following aspects: high precision, high speed, and long service life, etc. They are widely used in many fields, such as high-speed air spindles, precision machine tools, air-bearing guideways, turbine machinery, and high-speed drills. With the pursuit of higher efficiency and high-precision machining machinery, there is an increasing demand for high-performance ATBs. Much effort has been spent on the study of ATBs, such as improvements in load capacity and stiffness, and the enhancement of stability. Some significant progress has been achieved. In this paper, the research developments of ATBs are summarized from several aspects, such as theoretical models and experimental methods, static performance, dynamic performance, and applications. In addition, insights on the breakthrough and development trends of ATBs are put forward. It is hoped that this paper can provide some guidance for the design and application of ATBs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements in Structural Dynamics Analysis)

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22 pages, 53360 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Comparative Review of the Current Methods of Analysis and Design of Stiffened and Unstiffened Steel Liners

by Araceli Martin-Candilejo, José L. G. Valdeolivas, Alfredo Granados and Juan C. Mosquera Feijoo

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1072; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12031072 - 20 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2675

Abstract

There are significant levels of concern about both the safety assessment and financial evaluation of the whole hydropower system, especially at early project stages. In addition, there is a variety of reliable and accurate methods for analysis, design, and optimization of steel pressure liners in hydropower plants. Several countries have developed specific regulations and codes for the design, installation, and safety evaluation of under-pressure piping, as well as estimates of the potential risks associated with failure. This paper reviews the current methodologies and codes available for design and safety assessment of either unstiffened or stiffened pressure steel liners in hydropower plants. After examining the main guidelines and practical conclusions drawn from recent research in the field of liners subjected to either internal or external pressure, this article then discusses the relevant regulations and codes. The scope of this work is to summarize the advantages, disadvantages, and main characteristics of the existing design criteria, analysis methods, and other issues related to steel liners. Afterwards, this paper compares the main reliable formulations and modelling techniques, even the most recent or sophisticated ones. Lastly, we draw some conclusions regarding their accuracy and scope of applicability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements in Structural Dynamics Analysis)

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