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Structural Vibration: Analysis, Control, Experiment, and Applications II

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Acoustics and Vibrations".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 20716

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Prof. Dr. Tai-Yan Kam

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Mechanical Engineering Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu 300, Taiwan
Interests: reliability engineering; mechanics of composite materials structures; fracture mechanics; experimental mechanics; optimal design
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A structure will exhibit vibration when subjected to time varying loads. Structural vibration may produce prominent effects on the integrity/performance of the structure. Specifically, structural vibration plays an important role and must be dealt with properly in the design/fabrication of the structures used in, for instance, aerospace, aircraft, automotive, audio, mechanical, microelectromechanical systems, etc. The scope of structural vibration covered in this Special Issue shall include but not be limited to the topics of analysis, control, experiment, and applications. It is important to have accurate mathematical methods to predict the actual vibrational behaviors of different types of structures if meaningful assessments of the integrity/performance of the structures are desired. On the other hand, the control of the vibration of a structure in a proper way can enhance the performance or ensure the integrity of the structure. Therefore, the development of efficient and effective techniques for structural vibration control has become an important topic of research. The use of appropriate experimental techniques in vibration testing is essential if the actual responses of a structure are to be identified. The experimental data can be used to validate the suitability of the theoretical methods for vibration analysis and control. Regarding the quality assurance or health monitoring of a structure, the vibration data measured during operation can be used to, for instance, identify the material properties or assess the health condition of the structure. Therefore, vibration data are precious information which can be used to solve practical engineering problems. The structural vibration of, for instance, microelectromechanical systems can be applied to perform some specific tasks in which micromanipulation is one of the examples. Since structural vibration has long been an important area of research, it is appropriate at this time to conduct an extensive review of its state of the art. Papers are invited to make contributions to enrich the knowledge around structural vibration.

Prof. Dr. Tai-Yan Kam
Guest Editor

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Keywords

structural vibration
vibroacoustics
vibration control
vibration analysis
vibration testing
damping
vibration measurement
system identification

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 2511 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Free Vibration of Rectangular Composite Cantilever Plate and Its Application in Material Degradation Assessment

by Ching Wen Liu and Tai Yan Kam

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 5101; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13085101 - 19 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1175

Abstract

Many composite cantilever plate-like structures have found engineering applications in different industries. For attaining a meaningful assessment of the plate vibration characteristics, it is important to have efficient and effective methods for determining the natural frequencies/mode shapes of composite cantilever plates. In this paper, a method formulated on the basis of the Ritz method and a simple first-order shear deformation theory (SFSDT) is presented to analyze the free vibration of thin as well as thick rectangular composite cantilever plates for determining their natural frequencies. In the SFSDT, the total deflection is the sum of two deflection components, namely, bending and through-thickness shear-deformation-induced deflections. The successful application of the Ritz method together with the SFSDT for the free vibration analysis of thick composite plates relies on the selection of two independent sets of characteristic functions for the bending and through-thickness shear-deformation-induced deflections, respectively, to satisfy the requirements for the displacement and force conditions at the fixed edge of the plate. The novelty of the proposed method is that two independent sets of characteristic functions, namely, polynomials and trigonometric functions, which satisfy the displacement and force conditions at the fixed edge have been identified and used in the variational method to construct the eigenvalue problem for extracting the modal characteristics (natural frequencies and mode shapes) of the plate. It has been shown that the uses of the selected characteristic functions can produce excellent natural frequencies for both thin and thick composite cantilever plates. Some existing theoretical and experimental natural frequencies of thin as well as thick composite plates have been used to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method in predicting natural frequencies. The significant effects of through-thickness shear deformation on the natural frequencies of composite cantilever plates are studied to show the merit of the present method. Finally, for illustrating the application of the proposed method in free vibration analysis, a novel procedure established on the basis of the sensitivity analysis of natural frequencies is presented to assess the material degradation of composite cantilever plates. The numerical examples have shown that fewer than 10 iterations are required in the identification process to produce a good estimation of the current value for each material constant. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Vibration: Analysis, Control, Experiment, and Applications II)

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26 pages, 10329 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Seismic Demands on Non-Structural Components Attached to Reinforced Concrete Frames

by Surya Prakash Challagulla, Denise-Penelope N. Kontoni, Ashok Kumar Suluguru, Ismail Hossain, Uppari Ramakrishna and Mohammed Jameel

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1817; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13031817 - 31 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1588

Abstract

Nonstructural components (NSCs) are the systems that are attached to the floors of a building structure. NSCs have become critical in sustaining post-earthquake functionality while constructing seismic-resilient structures. The seismic behavior of the NSCs primarily depends upon the behavior of the structure to which the NSC is attached. Building structures are subjected to earthquake loads and behave differently when the supporting soil type varies. In light of this, this study investigates the seismic demands on NSC attached to the floors of an elastic-reinforced concrete building frame supported by different soil types. The present study considered a regular building frame and a building frame with mass irregularity on the lower story. A total of 3 sets of 11 horizontal spectral-matched ground motions consistent with each soil type are considered. Floor response spectra (FRS) can be used to measure the seismic load on non-structural components. Primarily, it was found that the ordinates of FRS depend on the floor height, the vibration periods of the building, and the soil type. The presence of mass irregularity at the lower story amplified the floor response at all floor levels. Additionally, the values of floor spectral acceleration increase as soil flexibility increases. The amplification factors are critical for generating the floor response spectra, and their variation along the building height is discussed. The floor acceleration was found to vary non-linearly with the height of the building. Finally, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are employed to develop the prediction models for dynamic amplification factors. The results calculated by the dynamic time history analyses are utilized to validate the proposed prediction models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Vibration: Analysis, Control, Experiment, and Applications II)

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46 pages, 13251 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On the Resonant Vibrations Control of the Nonlinear Rotor Active Magnetic Bearing Systems

by Nasser A. Saeed, Sabry M. El-Shourbagy, Magdi Kamel, Kamal R. Raslan, Jan Awrejcewicz and Khaled A. Gepreel

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8300; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12168300 - 19 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1137

Abstract

Nonlinear vibration control of the twelve-poles electro-magnetic suspension system was tackled in this study, using a novel control strategy. The introduced control algorithm was a combination of three controllers: the proportional-derivative

(P D)

controller, the integral resonant controller [...] Read more.

(P D)

controller, the integral resonant controller

(I R C)

, and the positive position feedback

(P P F)

controller. According to the presented control algorithm, the mathematical model of the controlled twelve-poles rotor was established as a nonlinear four-degree-of-freedom dynamical system coupled to two first-order filters. Then, the derived nonlinear dynamical system was analyzed using perturbation analysis to extract the averaging equations of motion. Based on the extracted averaging equations of motion, the efficiency of different control strategies (i.e.,

P D, P D + I R C, P D + P P F, and P D + I R C + P P F

) for mitigating the rotor’s undesired vibrations and improving its catastrophic bifurcation was investigated. The acquired analytical results demonstrated that both the

P D

and

P D + I R C

controllers can force the rotor to respond as a linear system; however, the controlled system may exhibit the maximum oscillation amplitude at the perfect resonance condition. In addition, the obtained results demonstrated that the

P D + P P F

controller can eliminate the rotor nonlinear oscillation at the perfect resonance, but the system may suffer from high oscillation amplitudes when the resonance condition is lost. Moreover, we report that the combined control algorithm (

P D + I R C + P P F

) has all the advantages of the individual control algorithms (i.e.,

P D, P D + I R C, P D + P P F

), while avoiding their drawbacks. Finally, the numerical simulations showed that the

P D + I R C + P P F

controller can eliminate the twelve-poles system vibrations regardless of both the excitation force magnitude and the resonant conditions at a short transient time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Vibration: Analysis, Control, Experiment, and Applications II)

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16 pages, 22090 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Measurement of Orthotropic Material Constants and Discussion on 3D Printing Parameters in Additive Manufacturing

by Yu-Hsi Huang and Chun-Yi Lin

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6812; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12136812 - 05 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1877

Abstract

In this study, the orthogonal mechanical properties of additive manufacturing technology were explored. Firstly, six test pieces of different stacking methods were printed with a 3D printer, based on fused deposition modeling. The resonance frequency was measured by a laser Doppler vibrometer as the test piece was struck by a steel ball, which was used to calculate the orthotropic material constants. The accuracy of these orthotropic material constants was then verified using finite element software through a comparison of the experimental results from multiple natural modes. Thus, a set of methods for the measurement and simulation verification of orthotropic material constants were established. Only three specific test specimens are needed to determine the orthotropic material constants using the vibrating sensor technique, instead of a universal testing machine. We also analyzed the influence of different printing parameters, including raster angle and layer height, on the material constants of the test pieces. The results indicate that a raster angle of 0° leads to the highest Young’s modulus, a raster angle of 45° leads to the highest shear modulus G, and a layer height of 0.15 mm leads to the highest material strength. In various stack conditions, the mechanical properties of fuse deposition additive manufacturing can be measured by inversely calculating frequency domain transformation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Vibration: Analysis, Control, Experiment, and Applications II)

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16 pages, 6784 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vibro-Acoustic Analysis of Rectangular Plate-Cavity Parallelepiped Coupling System Embedded with 2D Acoustic Black Holes

by Xiaofei Du, Xin Liao, Qidi Fu and Chaoyong Zong

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4097; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12094097 - 19 Apr 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1725

Abstract

An acoustic black hole (ABH) has the ability to concentrate and manipulate flexural waves, which can be used for structural vibration suppression and noise attenuation. In this paper, a 2D ABH rectangular plate is designed and a 2D ABH plate-cavity coupling system is constructed using the 2D ABH plate and five rectangular elastic plates of uniform thickness. Series of vibro-acoustic FEM models of the plate-cavity parallelepiped coupling system embedded with 2D ABHs are established, and the vibro-acoustic coupling simulation is conducted to analyze the effects of ABHs on the coupling modes, vibro-acoustic coupling characteristics, and mechanism of ABHs and the damping layer. It is shown that at most frequencies in the range of 3600~5000 Hz, the damping 2D ABH plate-cavity parallelepiped coupling system can significantly suppress the sound pressure and greatly reduce the peak values. It is also found that the significant reduction of the participation factor of the acoustic modes within the 100th order is the main mechanism for the obvious suppression of the sound pressure in the damping ABH plate-cavity coupling system at 3701 Hz. Finally, an experimental platform of vibro-acoustic measurement of the 2D ABH coupling system is constructed, and the accuracy of the vibro-acoustic FEM models of the 2D ABH coupling systems established in this paper and the numerical simulation calculation are verified by the vibro-acoustic measurement experiment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Vibration: Analysis, Control, Experiment, and Applications II)

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19 pages, 12038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aerodynamic-Aeroacoustic Optimization of a Baseline Wing and Flap Configuration

by Shengjun Ju, Zhenxu Sun, Dilong Guo, Guowei Yang, Yeteng Wang and Chang Yan

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1063; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12031063 - 20 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1686

Abstract

Optimization design was widely used in the high-lift device design process, and the aeroacoustic reduction characteristic is an important objective of the optimization. The aerodynamic and aeroacoustic study on the baseline wing and flap configuration was performed numerically. In the current study, the three-dimensional Large Eddy Simulation (LES) equations coupled with dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid model and Ffowcs–William and Hawkings (FW–H) equation are employed to simulate the flow fields and carry out acoustic analogy. The numerical results show reasonable agreement with the experimental data. Further, the particle swarm optimization algorithm coupled with the Kriging surrogate model was employed to determine optimum location of the flap deposition. The Latin hypercube method is used for the generation of initial samples for optimization. In addition, the relationship between the design variables and the objective functions are obtained using the optimization sample points. The optimized maximum overall sound pressure level (OASPL) of far-field noise decreases by 3.99 dB with a loss of lift-drag ratio (L/D) of less than 1%. Meanwhile, the optimized performances are in good and reasonable agreement with the numerical predictions. The findings provide suggestions for the low-noise and high-lift configuration design and application in high-lift devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Vibration: Analysis, Control, Experiment, and Applications II)

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18 pages, 7134 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Supervised Neural Network Control for Magnetorheological Damper in an Aircraft Landing Gear

by Quoc-Viet Luong, Bang-Hyun Jo, Jai-Hyuk Hwang and Dae-Sung Jang

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 400; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12010400 - 31 Dec 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1644

Abstract

This paper adopts an intelligent controller based on supervised neural network control for a magnetorheological (MR) damper in an aircraft landing gear. An MR damper is a device capable of adjusting the damping force by changing the magnetic field generated in electric coils. Applying an MR damper to the landing gears of an aircraft could minimize the impact at landing and increase the impact absorption efficiency. Various techniques proposed for controlling the MR damper in aircraft landing gears require information on the damper force or the mass of the aircraft to determine optimal parameters and control commands. This information is obtained by estimation with a model in a practical operating environment, and the accompanying inaccuracies cause performance degradation. Machine learning-based controllers have also been proposed to address model dependency but require a large number of drop test data. Unlike simulations, which can conduct a large number of virtual drop tests, the cost and time are limited in the actual experimental environment. Therefore, a neural network controller with supervised learning is proposed in this paper to simulate the behavior of a proven controller only with system states. The experimental data generated by applying the hybrid controller with the exact mass and force information, which has demonstrated high performance among the existing techniques, are set as the target for supervised learning. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller, drop test experiments using the intelligent controller and the hybrid controller with and without exact information about aircraft mass and force are executed. The experimental results from the drop tests of a landing gear show that the proposed controller maintains superior performance to the hybrid controller without using explicit damper models or any information on the aircraft mass or strut force. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Vibration: Analysis, Control, Experiment, and Applications II)

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18 pages, 7525 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modal Identification of Ultralow-Frequency Flexible Structures Based on Digital Image Correlation Method

by Hui Qian, Yimeng Wu, Rui Zhu, Dahai Zhang and Dong Jiang

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 185; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12010185 - 24 Dec 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1901

Abstract

Traditional modal testing has difficulty accurately identifying the ultralow-frequency modes of flexible structures. Ultralow-frequency excitation and vibration signal acquisition are two main obstacles. Aiming at ultralow-frequency modal identification of flexible structures, a modal testing method based on Digital Image Correlation method and Eigensystem Realization Algorithm is proposed. Considering impulse and shaker excitation are difficult to make generate ultralow-frequency vibration of structures, the initial displacement is applied to the structure for excitation. The ultralow-frequency accelerometer always has a large mass, which will change the dynamics performance of the flexible structure, so a structural vibration response was obtained through the Digital Image Correlation method. After collecting the free-decay vibration signal, the ultralow-frequency mode of the structure was identified by using the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm. Ground modal tests were conducted to verify the proposed method. Firstly, a solar wing structure was adopted, from which it was concluded that the signal acquisition using Digital Image Correlation method had high feasibility and accuracy. Secondly, an ultralow-frequency flexible cantilever beam structure which had the theoretical solution was employed to verify the proposed method and the theoretical fundamental frequency of the structure was 0.185 Hz. Results show that the Digital Image Correlation method can effectively measure the response signal of the ultralow-frequency flexible structure, and obtain the dynamics characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Vibration: Analysis, Control, Experiment, and Applications II)

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14 pages, 6104 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Local Modal Frequency Improvement with Optimal Stiffener by Constraints Transformation Method

by Shenyan Chen, Ziqi Dai, Wenjing Shi, Yanjie Liu and Jianhongyu Li

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 11072; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112211072 - 22 Nov 2021

Viewed by 1309

Abstract

Local modal vibration could adversely affect the dynamical environment, which should be considered in the structural design. For the mode switching phenomena, the traditional structural optimization method for problems with specific order of modal frequency constraints could not be directly applied to solve problems with local frequency constraints. In the present work, a novel approximation technique without mode tracking is proposed. According to the structural character, three reasonable assumptions, unchanged mass matrix, accordant modal shape, and reversible stiffness matrix, have been used to transform the optimization problem with local frequency constraints into a problem with nodal displacement constraints in the local area. The static load case is created with the modal shape equilibrium forces, then the displacement constrained optimization is relatively easily solved to obtain the optimal design, which satisfies the local frequency constraints as well. A numerical example is used to verify the feasibility of the proposed approximation method. Then, the method is further applied in a satellite structure optimization problem. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Vibration: Analysis, Control, Experiment, and Applications II)

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24 pages, 110946 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanical Performance of Confined Autoclaved Fly-Ash-Brick Masonry Walls under Cyclic Loading

by Bo Wen, Lu Zhang, Ditao Niu, Guanyi Gao, Yongkang Kang and Daming Luo

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 10560; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112210560 - 10 Nov 2021

Viewed by 1841

Abstract

In order to solve the limitations of masonry structures, such as poor seismic performance, complicated construction techniques, and energy wastage of wall materials, a new type of confined autoclaved fly-ash-brick wall was proposed and its mechanical performance was analyzed. An axial compression test of autoclaved fly-ash-brick short columns was carried out to analyze the failure mode and obtain the constitutive parameters of the brick. Meanwhile, a low-cyclic loading test of an assembly using an autoclaved fly-ash-brick wall was carried out to prove the correctness of the numerical model. Under multiple influencing parameters, the seismic performance of the assembly of autoclaved fly-ash-brick walls was analyzed by a numerical-simulation method. The results show that (1) the seismic performance of the assembled autoclaved fly-ash-brick walls is better than that of cast-in-place masonry walls; (2) low-strength mortar leads to premature cracking, which is unfavorable to earthquake resistance of the walls; and (3) the bearing capacity of the wall is increased and then decreased with the increase of the vertical compressive stress, so the number of layers of brick masonry structural should be limited. In addition, some construction measures were proposed to improve the mechanical performance of assembled autoclaved fly-ash-brick walls. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Vibration: Analysis, Control, Experiment, and Applications II)

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15 pages, 1307 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Structural Stiffness and Loss Factor on Railroad Vehicle Comfort

by Publio Pintado, Carmen Ramiro, Eduardo Palomares, Angel L. Morales, Antonio J. Nieto and Jose M. Chicharro

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(19), 9273; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11199273 - 06 Oct 2021

Viewed by 1241

Abstract

This paper presents a new formulation for analyzing a beam on elastic supports traveling on irregular profiles. The model is a first approximation of a passenger railway vehicle car body. The main difference with previous works is the use of a complex modulus to represent structural damping rather than relying on equivalent viscous terms. The formulation groups rigid body modes with flexible modes and proposes a matrix form that is easy to interpret and solve in the frequency domain. Comfort indexes are readily obtained from weighted response spectral densities. The model is used to assess the influence of structural damping and stiffness on comfort. It will be shown that the evolution of comfort with stiffness is non-monotonic and, therefore, comfort does not always improve as stiffness increases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Vibration: Analysis, Control, Experiment, and Applications II)

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19 pages, 10821 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical and Experimental Study on Suppression Effect of Acoustic Black Hole on Vibration Transmission of Refrigerator Compressor

by Xiaofei Du, Qidi Fu, Jianrun Zhang and Chaoyong Zong

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8622; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11188622 - 16 Sep 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1811

Abstract

The acoustic black hole (ABH) structures have the potential to achieve structural vibration suppression and noise reduction through the effect of the ABH on the concentration and manipulation of flexural waves. In this paper, a new solution is proposed to embed 2-D ABHs on the support plate to suppress the transmission of compressor vibration to the refrigerator body. The vibration and acoustic measurement experiment of the compressor, the support plate and the refrigerator body, and the coherence analysis of the vibration signals and acoustic signal are carried out to determine the influence of the compressor vibration on the vibration of the refrigerator body and the radiation sound of the back wall. The concentration and manipulation effects of 2-D ABH on flexural waves are verified by numerical simulation of flexural wave propagation in the time domain. FEM models of the original support plate and the damping ABH support plate are established to investigate the comprehensive effect of the 2-D ABHs and the damping layers on the vibration characteristics of the support plate through vibration modal and dynamic response analysis. Numerical simulation results show that the 2-D damping ABHs can suppress the vibrations generated by the compressor at specific frequencies in the middle and high-frequency bands from being transmitted to the refrigerator body through the support plate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Vibration: Analysis, Control, Experiment, and Applications II)

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