X-ray Technologies and Applications for Materials Structure & Properties Characterization

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2022) | Viewed by 7627

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
The Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation IPS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Interests: development of new multiferroic oxide materials using the pulsed laser deposition method dedicated to ferroelectric and the ferromagnetic applications; in-situ structure characterization of oxide thin films and hetero-structures by sophisticated in-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering methods with the goal of understanding the epitaxial growth kinetics and mechanisms of multiferroic oxides layers and multilayers; exploration of the development of the surface morphology and crystalline structure quality using the grazing incidence diffraction grazing incidence small X-ray scattering GISAXS methods; simulation of X-ray optics and beamline instrumentation; full-field X-ray transmission microscopy for chemical mapping and spectroscopy imaging

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Guest Editor
Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Praha, Czech Republic
Interests: X-ray scattering from epitaxial thin layers; dynamical diffraction theory of X-rays; statistical theory of scattering; processes of self-organization during epitaxial growth of semiconductors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Understanding the relationship between structure and properties is becoming more crucial for the development of new and advanced materials directed to application and industry.

In recent decades, there have been versatile and valuable efforts from the scientific community to optimize the synthesis, growth of different types of materials, such as epitaxial films, self-organized structures using different deposition methods, such as pulsed laser deposition (PLD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), sputtering, and molecular vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), among others.

For the achievement of good quality and well-characterized materials, X-ray technology utilized in the ex-situ and in-situ scattering and diffraction methods in term of fast detection system, high powerful synchrotron X-ray beam, highly sophisticated, automated instrumentation, X-ray simulation and modelling; has played a very important role in exploring the structure in terms of crystallinity, morphology, interface quality, microstructure and defects. All the structural features have several impacts on the resulting properties and define consequently the more suitable application field for the developed materials. The interconnection between real imaging using microscopic methods and reciprocal space imaging by means of X-ray methods characterization lead to a deep insight into material structure evaluation and understanding and how the structure could affect the properties.

For this reason, this Special Issue of the journal Applied Sciences “X-ray Technologies and Applications for Materials Structure & Properties Characterization” aims to attract novel contributions covering the wide range of techniques that have been developed for material structure characterization and studies which could demonstrate the relationship between structure and properties.

Our topics of interest include but are not limited to the following:

  • X-ray characterization methods;
  • In-situ X-ray diffraction and modeling of the growth kinetics;
  • Ferromagnetic and ferroelectric applications of oxide films;
  • Establishment of structure properties in advanced materials;
  • Microscopic and scattering methods for complementary structure characterization;
  • Understanding growth kinetics and mechanisms;
  • Growth process optimization as key for materials structure and application;
  • Modeling and simulation of X-ray diffuse scattering and grazing incidence diffraction for surface morphology characterization.
  • Role of the crystal quality on tuning the materials for specific applications.
  • Relationship structure-properties;
  • Material synthesis optimization for dedicated ferroelectric, ferromagnetic properties;
  • Influence of the growth parameter on the structure and therefore on the properties;

Dr. Sondes Bauer
Prof. Dr. Vaclav Holy
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • X-ray Technology
  • X-ray characterization methods
  • growth optimization
  • modelling and simulation of X-ray scattering
  • ferroelectric
  • ferromagnetic applications
  • in-situ structure studies

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1168 KiB  
Article
Influence of Contacts and Applied Voltage on a Structure of a Single GaN Nanowire
by Sergey Lazarev, Young Yong Kim, Luca Gelisio, Zhaoxia Bi, Ali Nowzari, Ivan A. Zaluzhnyy, Ruslan Khubbutdinov, Dmitry Dzhigaev, Arno Jeromin, Thomas F. Keller, Michael Sprung, Anders Mikkelsen, Lars Samuelson and Ivan A. Vartanyants
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(20), 9419; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11209419 - 11 Oct 2021
Viewed by 2599
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have a broad range of applications for nano- and optoelectronics. The strain field of gallium nitride (GaN) NWs could be significantly changed when contacts are applied to them to form a final device, especially considering the piezoelectric properties of GaN. [...] Read more.
Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have a broad range of applications for nano- and optoelectronics. The strain field of gallium nitride (GaN) NWs could be significantly changed when contacts are applied to them to form a final device, especially considering the piezoelectric properties of GaN. Investigation of influence of the metallic contacts on the structure of the NWs is of high importance for their applications in real devices. We have studied a series of different type of contacts and influence of the applied voltage bias on the contacted GaN NWs with the length of about 3 to 4 micrometers and with two different diameters of 200 nm and 350 nm. It was demonstrated that the NWs with the diameter of 200 nm are bend already by the interaction with the substrate. For all GaN NWs, significant structural changes were revealed after the contacts deposition. The results of our research may contribute to the future optoelectronic applications of the GaN nanowires. Full article
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10 pages, 7065 KiB  
Article
Rocking Curve Imaging Investigation of the Long-Range Distortion Field between Parallel Dislocations with Opposite Burgers Vectors
by Thu Nhi Tran Caliste, Alexis Drouin, Damien Caliste, Carsten Detlefs and José Baruchel
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(19), 9054; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11199054 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1802
Abstract
We observe a long-range distortion field between parallel dislocations with opposite Burgers vectors in a platelet-shaped single crystal of 4H-SiC with a low dislocation density (~103 cm/cm3). This distortion field is in the µradian range when the distance D between [...] Read more.
We observe a long-range distortion field between parallel dislocations with opposite Burgers vectors in a platelet-shaped single crystal of 4H-SiC with a low dislocation density (~103 cm/cm3). This distortion field is in the µradian range when the distance D between dislocations is in the ~50–250 µm range. We were able to characterise this weak distortion field through Rocking Curve Imaging (RCI), a highly sensitive Bragg diffraction imaging technique using monochromatic synchrotron radiation. From the experimental images, we generate maps of the angle of maximum reflectance (“peak position”) that provide a measurement of the local lattice orientation. Deviations from the crystal matrix orientation are associated with the long-range distortion field around dislocations. Between parallel dislocations with opposite Burgers vectors, this distortion does not decay to zero but towards a constant value α. We propose a simple model considering the angular parameter α characterising the distortion. This model indicates that α should roughly vary as 1/D. This appears to be in fair agreement with our experimental data. Full article
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15 pages, 3801 KiB  
Article
Solid-State Transformation of an Additive Manufactured Inconel 625 Alloy at 700 °C
by Fan Zhang, Jan Ilavsky, Greta Lindwall, Mark R. Stoudt, Lyle E. Levine and Andrew J. Allen
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8643; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11188643 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2368
Abstract
Inconel 625, a nickel-based superalloy, has drawn much attention in the emerging field of additive manufacturing (AM) because of its excellent weldability and resistance to hot cracking. The extreme processing condition of AM often introduces enormous residual stress (hundreds of MPa to GPa) [...] Read more.
Inconel 625, a nickel-based superalloy, has drawn much attention in the emerging field of additive manufacturing (AM) because of its excellent weldability and resistance to hot cracking. The extreme processing condition of AM often introduces enormous residual stress (hundreds of MPa to GPa) in the as-fabricated parts, which requires stress-relief heat treatment to remove or reduce the internal stresses. Typical residual stress heat treatment for AM Inconel 625, conducted at 800 °C or 870 °C, introduces a substantial precipitation of the δ phase, a deleterious intermetallic phase. In this work, we used synchrotron-based in situ scattering and diffraction methods and ex situ electron microscopy to investigate the solid-state transformation of an AM Inconel 625 at 700 °C. Our results show that while the δ phase still precipitates from the matrix at this temperature, its precipitation rate and size at a given time are both smaller when compared with their counterparts during typical heat treatment temperatures of 800 °C and 870 °C. A comparison with thermodynamic modeling predictions elucidates these experimental findings. Our work provides the rigorous microstructural kinetics data required to explore the feasibility of a promising lower-temperature stress-relief heat treatment for AM Inconel 625. The combined methodology is readily extendable to investigate the solid-state transformation of other AM alloys. Full article
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