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Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Recent Advances in Analysis of Forensic Materials
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Recent Advances in Analysis of Forensic Materials

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 May 2021) | Viewed by 22286

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mi Young Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
Interests: exosome; inflammation; natural extract
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hee-Joung Lim

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Research Center Leader, Forensic Science Center for Odor Fingerprint Analysis, Police Science Institute, Korean National Police University, Asan, Korea

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Forensic analysis/identification is the application of forensic science and technology methodologies to identify the source and age of specific materials from trace evidence at a crime scene. Recently, this field has expanded enormously, and such analyses are applied in all sectors of academia, government, and business. A wide array of advanced technologies, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, DNA analysis, and fingerprinting have been used to identify unknown substances. In particular, there is a growing interest in the study of various scents that can identify suspects, including their characteristic body scent. Odor databases can be used as forensic evidence in the analysis of fire sites, animal carcasses, and so on.

This Special Issue aims to share the latest findings, ideas, and performance within the field of forensic science and technology with a particular emphasis on analysis and identification. The integration of chemistry, toxicology, biology, and other systems is expected, since frequently, a multidisciplinary approach is required.

Articles are welcome on topics that are related to theory, practice, and applications of forensic science and technology, including, but not limited to the following: forensic materials, forensic DNA, digital forensics, post-mortem interval, forensic taphonomy, forensic olfactory science, decomposition odors, forensic chemistry and toxicology, environmental forensics, forensic microbiology and entomology, and forensic medicine.

Prof. Dr. Mi Young Lee
Dr. Hee-Joung Lim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2089 KiB  
Article
Proteomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Maggots in Porcine Corpses for Post-Mortem Interval Estimation
by Jeong-Hun Mok, Minjoong Joo, Van-An Duong, Seonghyeon Cho, Jong-Moon Park, Young-Sic Eom, Tae-Hwa Song, Hee-Joung Lim and Hookeun Lee
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(17), 7885; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11177885 - 26 Aug 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2515
Abstract
Post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation is a critical task in forensic science. In this study, we used maggots collected from pig carcasses and applied an integrated proteomics and metabolomics approach to determine potential candidate substances for the estimation of PMI. After methanol precipitation, the [...] Read more.
Post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation is a critical task in forensic science. In this study, we used maggots collected from pig carcasses and applied an integrated proteomics and metabolomics approach to determine potential candidate substances for the estimation of PMI. After methanol precipitation, the supernatant containing metabolites and the protein pellet were separated and subjected to metabolomic and proteomic analyses using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). MS/MS data were analyzed for identification and quantification using Proteome Discoverer and Compound Discoverer software. A total of 573 metabolites and more than 800 porcine proteins were identified in maggots. This is the first dataset of proteins and metabolites in maggots collected from porcine carcasses. In this study, guanosine monophosphate, xanthine, inosine, adenosine, and guanine were detected with a similar tendency to increase during early days of maggot development and then decreased gradually. We broadly profiled various biomolecules through analysis in the spot of incident. Especially, we confirmed that proteome and metabolome profiling could be performed directly and indirectly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Analysis of Forensic Materials)
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11 pages, 9015 KiB  
Communication
Comparison of Different Analytical Methods for the On-Site Analysis of Traces at Clandestine Drug Laboratories
by René Reiss, Frank Hauser, Sven Ehlert, Michael Pütz and Ralf Zimmermann
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 3754; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11093754 - 21 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2213
Abstract
While fast and reliable analytical results are crucial for first responders to make adequate decisions, these can be difficult to establish, especially at large-scale clandestine laboratories. To overcome this issue, multiple techniques at different levels of complexity are available. In addition to the [...] Read more.
While fast and reliable analytical results are crucial for first responders to make adequate decisions, these can be difficult to establish, especially at large-scale clandestine laboratories. To overcome this issue, multiple techniques at different levels of complexity are available. In addition to the level of complexity their information value differs as well. Within this publication, a comparison between three techniques that can be applied for on-site analysis is performed. These techniques range from ones with a simple yes or no response to sophisticated ones that allows to receive complex information about a sample. The three evaluated techniques are immunoassay drug tests representing easy to handle and fast to explain systems, ion mobility spectrometry as state-of-the-art equipment that needs training and experience prior to use and ambient pressure laser desorption with the need for a highly skilled operator as possible future technique that is currently under development. In addition to the measurement of validation parameters, real case samples are investigated to obtain practically relevant information about the capabilities and limitations of these techniques for on-site operations. Results demonstrate that in general all techniques deliver valid results, but the bandwidth of information widely varies between the investigated techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Analysis of Forensic Materials)
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8 pages, 1629 KiB  
Article
DMSO Improves the Ski-Slope Effect in Direct PCR
by Joo-Young Kim, Ju Yeon Jung, Da-Hye Kim, Seohyun Moon, Won-Hae Lee, Byung-Won Chun and Dong-Ho Choi
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1943; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11041943 - 23 Feb 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2682
Abstract
Analytical techniques such as DNA profiling are widely used in various fields, including forensic science, and novel technologies such as direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are continuously being developed in order to acquire DNA profiles efficiently. However, non-specific amplification may occur depending [...] Read more.
Analytical techniques such as DNA profiling are widely used in various fields, including forensic science, and novel technologies such as direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are continuously being developed in order to acquire DNA profiles efficiently. However, non-specific amplification may occur depending on the quality of the crime scene evidence and amplification methods employed. In particular, the ski-slope effect observed in direct PCR amplification has led to inaccurate interpretations of the DNA profile results. In this study, we aimed to reduce the ski-slope effect by using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in direct PCR. We confirmed that DMSO (3.75%, v/v) increased the amplification yield of large-sized DNA sequences more than that of small-sized ones. Using 50 Korean buccal samples, we further demonstrated that DMSO reduced the ski-slope effect in direct PCR. These results suggest that the experimental method developed in this study is suitable for direct PCR and may help to successfully obtain DNA profiles from various types of evidence at crime scenes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Analysis of Forensic Materials)
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Review

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32 pages, 10107 KiB  
Review
Proteomics in Forensic Analysis: Applications for Human Samples
by Van-An Duong, Jong-Moon Park, Hee-Joung Lim and Hookeun Lee
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(8), 3393; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11083393 - 09 Apr 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 8887
Abstract
Proteomics, the large-scale study of all proteins of an organism or system, is a powerful tool for studying biological systems. It can provide a holistic view of the physiological and biochemical states of given samples through identification and quantification of large numbers of [...] Read more.
Proteomics, the large-scale study of all proteins of an organism or system, is a powerful tool for studying biological systems. It can provide a holistic view of the physiological and biochemical states of given samples through identification and quantification of large numbers of peptides and proteins. In forensic science, proteomics can be used as a confirmatory and orthogonal technique for well-built genomic analyses. Proteomics is highly valuable in cases where nucleic acids are absent or degraded, such as hair and bone samples. It can be used to identify body fluids, ethnic group, gender, individual, and estimate post-mortem interval using bone, muscle, and decomposition fluid samples. Compared to genomic analysis, proteomics can provide a better global picture of a sample. It has been used in forensic science for a wide range of sample types and applications. In this review, we briefly introduce proteomic methods, including sample preparation techniques, data acquisition using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and data analysis using database search, spectral library search, and de novo sequencing. We also summarize recent applications in the past decade of proteomics in forensic science with a special focus on human samples, including hair, bone, body fluids, fingernail, muscle, brain, and fingermark, and address the challenges, considerations, and future developments of forensic proteomics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Analysis of Forensic Materials)
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12 pages, 2348 KiB  
Review
Study on DID Application Methods for Blockchain-Based Traffic Forensic Data
by Cheolhee Yoon, Jaehun Hwang, Minje Cho and Bong Gyou Lee
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 1268; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11031268 - 30 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2561
Abstract
Traffic accident investigation has been used to reconstruct the cause and condition of the accident by using images and driving record data that introduce IT technology, and to analyze both sides of the accident, skid marks, and vehicle damage to identify the perpetrators [...] Read more.
Traffic accident investigation has been used to reconstruct the cause and condition of the accident by using images and driving record data that introduce IT technology, and to analyze both sides of the accident, skid marks, and vehicle damage to identify the perpetrators and victims. However, level 3 self-driving vehicles are the most important factor in determining the cause and imputation of the accident by the driver or manufacturer with control information at the time of the accident. It is also developing into a network and connected vehicle with various restrictions such as the burden of the price of sensors equipped with self-driving cars and climate and rapidly changing road traffic information. In addition, network and connected vehicle driving data are stored on the outside, or various devices and sensors are installed to store information on the outside for convenience in operation, and efforts to enact laws are continuing. This paper attempts to propose a traffic investigation digital framework using digital data generated by these devices and sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Analysis of Forensic Materials)
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13 pages, 1487 KiB  
Review
Bibliometric Analysis on the Trend of the Computed Tomography (CT)-Related Studies in the Field of Forensic Science
by Yangseung Jeong, Eun Jin Woo and Sookyoung Lee
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(22), 8133; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10228133 - 17 Nov 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2012
Abstract
The computed tomography (CT) technique has attracted much attention as a promising tool for non-invasive diagnosis and examination in the field of forensic science. The purpose of this study is to assess the trend in CT-related forensic studies through bibliometric methods and thus [...] Read more.
The computed tomography (CT) technique has attracted much attention as a promising tool for non-invasive diagnosis and examination in the field of forensic science. The purpose of this study is to assess the trend in CT-related forensic studies through bibliometric methods and thus present a holistic idea about the application of CT in the field of forensic science of the past and present. A total of 2084 articles published in the Scopus index journals between 1978 and 2020 were analyzed using VOSviewer 1.6.15. A drastic increase in the number of CT-related articles was noticed in forensic science since the early 2000s. Switzerland, having the most productive institution (University of Zurich) and author (Michael J. Thali), contributed most to the increasing number of publications. Forensic Science International was the top journal, where approximately 12.5% of the articles (261 out of 2084) have been published. CT was frequently used for autopsy and diagnosis purposes, but recently its applicability has expanded to the field of forensic anthropology and personal identification. This research is expected to provide researchers using CT with not only an understanding about past research trends but also an insight about future research topics and potential collaborative opportunities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Analysis of Forensic Materials)
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