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Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Biofuels Production and Utilization
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Biofuels Production and Utilization

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 17974

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Deog-Keun Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Biomass and Wastes to Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Korea
Interests: waste oil/fat pretreatment; heterogeneous catalysis; biodiesel; biofuels; bioenergy; biorefinery; non-edible biomass
Prof. Dr. Byoung-In Sang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
Interests: bioenergy; biodegradable plastic; microbiome; power to gas; methanogenesis; carbon elongation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon-neutral biofuels, which are necessary to respond urgently to the climate crisis caused by greenhouse gas emissions, can play an important role in the transition to the future hydrogen society. As a sustainable means that can be used directly in the infrastructure of the current fossil fuel generation, interest in its production and utilization gradually increases.  Biofuels are used not only for transportation fuels, home and industrial fuels, heat production, and electricity generation, but recently, research on biofuels has been conducted in parallel with the production of various high value-added chemicals using biofuels and their byproducts to improve overall economic efficiency. Additionally, their application fields are gradually expanding. Biofuels can be used without major changes to the petroleum-based fuel infrastructure and are very diverse, such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane, biohydrogen, bio-oil, wood pellets, and wood chips. Various evolutions are expected, including biological, thermochemical, physical, and electrochemical conversion technologies. This Special Issue aims to address recent advances and understandings in these areas, particularly in the field of production and utilization of biofuels using non-edible biomass such as animal and plant waste fat, woody biomass, organic waste resources, and microalgae. Papers on novel biofuel conversion technologies related to feedstock pretreatment, (bio) chemical catalyst development, catalyst and process evaluation, process optimization, and scale-up are invited.

Dr. Deog-Keun Kim
Prof. Dr. Byoung-In Sang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biodiesel
  • Bioethanol
  • Non-edible energy crops
  • Microalgae
  • Chemical, biological, thermochemical conversion
  • Drop-in fuel
  • Biofuel production and utilization
  • Carbon-neutral
  • Biorefinery

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2486 KiB  
Article
NaOH-Catalyzed Fractionation of Rice Husk Followed by Concomitant Production of Bioethanol and Furfural for Improving Profitability in Biorefinery
by Hyun Jin Jung and Kyeong Keun Oh
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7508; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11167508 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1852
Abstract
The alkaline fractionation of rice husk (RH) with NaOH was optimized for the purpose of obtaining a high-yield recovery of glucan and increasing the removal rate for lignin and ash, resulting in a hemicellulose-rich hydrolysate. The determined optimal conditions were a temperature of [...] Read more.
The alkaline fractionation of rice husk (RH) with NaOH was optimized for the purpose of obtaining a high-yield recovery of glucan and increasing the removal rate for lignin and ash, resulting in a hemicellulose-rich hydrolysate. The determined optimal conditions were a temperature of 150 °C, reaction time of 45 min, and NaOH concentration of 6% (w/v). The glucan content in the fractionated RH (Fr. RH) was 80.1%, which was significantly increased compared to the raw RH (35.6%). High glucan content in the fractionated solid residue is the most essential factor for minimizing enzyme dosages in enzymatic saccharification. The final enzymatic digestibilities (at 96 h) of raw and NaOH-Fr. RH with cellulase loadings of 30 FPU/g cellulose were 10.5% and 81.3%, respectively. Approximately 71.6% of the xmg content (mainly xylose) was concomitantly degraded into the fractionated hydrolysate (Fr. Hydrolysate). When this hydrolysate was acidified with sulfuric acid and subjected to heat treatment, a furfural production yield of about 64.9% was obtained. The results show that two-stage fed-batch fermentation with glucan-rich Fr. RH has the potential to achieve high-ethanol titers of 28.7 g/L. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofuels Production and Utilization)
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13 pages, 2237 KiB  
Article
Production of Bio-Based Chemicals, Acetic Acid and Furfural, through Low-Acid Hydrothermal Fractionation of Pine Wood (Pinus densiflora) and Combustion Characteristics of the Residual Solid Fuel
by Hyun Jin Jung and Kyeong Keun Oh
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7435; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11167435 - 12 Aug 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2396
Abstract
Low-acid hydrothermal (LAH) fractionation conditions were optimized for the effective degradation of hemicellulose from pine wood (Pinus densiflora). The hemicellulosic sugar yield was maximized at 82.5% when the pine wood was fractionated at 190 °C, with 0.5 wt.% of sulfuric acid, [...] Read more.
Low-acid hydrothermal (LAH) fractionation conditions were optimized for the effective degradation of hemicellulose from pine wood (Pinus densiflora). The hemicellulosic sugar yield was maximized at 82.5% when the pine wood was fractionated at 190 °C, with 0.5 wt.% of sulfuric acid, and for 10 min. Consecutively, acidified heat treatment with zinc chloride and solvent extraction with ethyl acetate were carried out for the recovery of bio-based platform chemicals, such as furfural and acetic acid, from liquid hydrolysate through liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). Overall, 61.5% of xylose was decomposed into furfural, and the yield of acetic acid was 62.3% and furfural 66.1%. After LAH fractionation, 64.8% of the solid remained and was pelletized. The pellets showed excellent fuel characteristics, i.e., significant ash rejection (74.5%) and high calorific values (4770 kcal/kg), and the precursors of NOx and SOx also decreased by up to 60.0% and 71.4%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofuels Production and Utilization)
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Review

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26 pages, 1766 KiB  
Review
The Perspective of Large-Scale Production of Algae Biodiesel
by Mladen Bošnjaković and Nazaruddin Sinaga
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(22), 8181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10228181 - 18 Nov 2020
Cited by 91 | Viewed by 13026
Abstract
We have had high expectations for using algae biodiesel for many years, but the quantities of biodiesel currently produced from algae are tiny compared to the quantities of conventional diesel oil. Furthermore, no comprehensive analysis of the impact of all factors on the [...] Read more.
We have had high expectations for using algae biodiesel for many years, but the quantities of biodiesel currently produced from algae are tiny compared to the quantities of conventional diesel oil. Furthermore, no comprehensive analysis of the impact of all factors on the market production of algal biodiesel has been made so far. This paper aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with algal biodiesel, to evaluate its production prospects for the biofuels market. The results of the analysis show that it is possible to increase the efficiency of algae biomass production further. However, because the production of this biodiesel is an energy-intensive process, the price of biodiesel is high. Opportunities for more economical production of algal biodiesel are seen in integration with other processes, such as wastewater treatment, but this does not ensure large-scale production. The impact of state policies and laws is significant in the future of algal biodiesel production. With increasingly stringent environmental requirements, electric cars are a significant threat to biodiesel production. By considering all the influencing factors, it is not expected that algal biodiesel will gain an essential place in the fuel market. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofuels Production and Utilization)
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