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Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Bone, Tissue Regeneration and Biomaterials
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Bone, Tissue Regeneration and Biomaterials

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 4922

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ippokratis Pountos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
Interests: orthopaedic surgery; complex foot and ankle reconstructive surgery; bone biology and bone healing; tissue engineering for bone and cartilage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Unlike other tissues, bone is unique as it constantly undergoes remodelling and adaption based on physiological and mechanical needs. It has tremendous regeneration capacity and, when injured, heals without the formation of scars. Despite this remarkable regeneration capacity, the treatment of large bone defects and repair of nonunions represent a major challenge in the field of orthopaedic surgery. One of the major limitations is the availability of bone grafts. Autologous bone grafts have limited availability and result in donor site morbidity. Given these limitations, there is a great need for developing novel and effective approaches for the regeneration of large bone defects and the management of nonunions.

Over the last few decades, tissue engineering has proposed solutions that can overcome the limited availability of bone grafts. These approaches range from stimulating a stronger bone regeneration response to producing custom-made personalised grafts with the use of 3D bioprinting. The aim of this Special Issue is to summarise the advances in the field and propose areas that merit further exploration in the near future.

Dr. Ippokratis Pountos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • osteoblast
  • mesenchymal stem cell
  • biomaterials
  • growth factors
  • molecular modifiers
  • bone grafts
  • 3D bioprinting
  • organ-on-chip
  • nanomedicine
  • scaffolds
  • bioactive materials
  • cell therapy

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2314 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Demineralized Bone Matrix: An In Vitro Pilot Study
by Layla Panahipour, Anes Omerbasic, Azarakhsh Oladzad Abbasabadi, Jila Nasirzade, Zahra Kargarpour and Reinhard Gruber
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 876; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12020876 - 15 Jan 2022
Viewed by 1706
Abstract
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is commonly used for the reconstruction of bone defects. Early graft consolidation involves a transient inflammatory process. It is, however, unclear whether DBM can modulate this process. To test this possibility, we prepared acid lysates of demineralized ground cortical [...] Read more.
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is commonly used for the reconstruction of bone defects. Early graft consolidation involves a transient inflammatory process. It is, however, unclear whether DBM can modulate this process. To test this possibility, we prepared acid lysates of demineralized ground cortical (DGC) and moldable demineralized fibers (MDF). Murine RAW 264.7 and primary bone marrow macrophages were exposed to acid lysates of DGC and MFD prior to provoking an inflammatory response with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Similarly, murine ST2 mesenchymal cells were exposed to DGC and MFD with and without interleukin 1β (IL1) and TNFα. We show here that acid lysates of DGC and MFD reduced the expression of IL1 and IL6 in RAW 264.7 macrophages, as determined by RT-PCR and, for IL6, by immunoassay. This response was confirmed with primary macrophages. Likewise, desalted acid lysates exert anti-inflammatory properties on RAW 264.7 cells and in ST2 cells, the forced expression of IL6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) was reduced. These in vitro findings suggest that DGC and MFD lower the inflammation-induced expression of inflammatory mediators in murine cell-based bioassays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone, Tissue Regeneration and Biomaterials)
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13 pages, 2824 KiB  
Article
Direct Conversion of Human Fibroblasts into Osteoblasts Triggered by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Valproic Acid
by Hyeonjin Cha, Jaeyoung Lee, Hee Ho Park and Ju Hyun Park
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(20), 7372; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10207372 - 21 Oct 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2490
Abstract
The generation of functional osteoblasts from human somatic cells could provide an alternative means of regenerative therapy for bone disorders such as osteoporosis. In this study, we demonstrated the direct phenotypic conversion of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) into osteoblasts by culturing them in [...] Read more.
The generation of functional osteoblasts from human somatic cells could provide an alternative means of regenerative therapy for bone disorders such as osteoporosis. In this study, we demonstrated the direct phenotypic conversion of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) into osteoblasts by culturing them in osteogenic medium supplemented with valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. HDFs cultured with the VPA in osteogenic medium exhibited expression of alkaline phosphatase and deposition of mineralized calcium matrices, which are phenotypical characteristics of functional osteoblasts. They also expressed osteoblast-specific genes such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein, which demonstrated their direct conversion into osteoblasts. In addition, co-treatment with VPA and a specific inhibitor for activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5i II) had a synergistic effect on direct conversion. It is considered that the inductive effect of VPA on the conversion into osteoblast-lineage is due to the opening of the nucleosome structure by HDAC inhibitor, which facilitates chromatin remodeling and cellular reprogramming. Our findings provide a novel insight into the direct conversion of human somatic cells into transgene-free osteoblasts with small chemical compounds, thus making bone regeneration using cellular reprogramming strategy more clinically feasible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone, Tissue Regeneration and Biomaterials)
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