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Applied Sciences
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Advances in Alternative Cementitious Binders
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Advances in Alternative Cementitious Binders

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2022) | Viewed by 7067

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fortunato Crea

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
UMechanical, Energy and Management Engineering Department, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
Interests: building materials; innovative families of binders; microporous materials; fabric-reinforced cementitious composites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sebastiano Candamano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering Department, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
Interests: building materials; innovative families of binders; greenhouse gas emission; pollutant degradation; photocatalysis; globalization; geopolymers; durability and sustainability of traditional or innovative mortars
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Alternative binders to traditional Portland cement are receiving ever-greater attention in the civil, materials, and environmental research fields. This is a direct consequence of the increasing pressure to reduce the energy consumption and the associated greenhouse gas emissions related to the production of Portland cement. Further driving forces are the development of mortars and concrete with increased durability in aggressive environments and the use of a greater proportion of waste materials.

Several potential alternatives to traditional Portland cement are available, including calcium aluminate cement, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, alkali-activated binders, and supersulfated cements, that promise to reduce the environmental impact of construction.

Nevertheless, different open questions related to shrinkage behavior, efflorescence, lack of specific additives to regulate properties, optimization and standardization of mix designs based on performance specifications, the wide range of raw materials and activators, and a lack of analysis and standards to test durability are preventing their extensive use. Investigations to reduce such gaps in knowledge thus represent a primary challenge.

This Special Issue aims to collect scientific contributions on strategies, manufacturing approaches, and materials devoted to providing systematic or predictive information on microstructure, mechanical properties, and durability of alternative binders to traditional Portland cement and to suggest methods for validation and standardization of testing.

Prof. Fortunato Crea
Dr. Sebastiano Candamano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • alkali-activated materials
  • geopolymers
  • calcium aluminate cement
  • supersulfated cements
  • building materials
  • calcium solfoaluminate binders
  • cementitious composites
  • hybrid binders
  • calcinated clays
  • fly ash
  • blast furnace slag
  • natural pozzolans
  • waste management
  • immobilization of toxic wastes
  • foamed and lightweight concretes
  • mortars
  • grouts and renders
  • reinforced concrete
  • precast concrete
  • corrosion
  • durability
  • environmental assessment
  • materials processing
  • rheology
  • performance-based specifications
  • activators
  • additives
  • corrosion durability
  • fire resistance
  • refractory performance
  • one-part and two-part binder systems

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 6565 KiB  
Article
Experimental, Numerical, and Theoretical Studies of Bond Behavior of Reinforced Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete
by Tuan Anh Le, Thuy Ninh Nguyen and Khoa Tan Nguyen
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7812; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12157812 - 03 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1687
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experiment study and suggests a theoretical formulation for the bond behavior of reinforced fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Three grades (20 MPa, 30 MPa and 40 MPa) of a geopolymer concrete along with three reinforcement diameters (12, [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of an experiment study and suggests a theoretical formulation for the bond behavior of reinforced fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Three grades (20 MPa, 30 MPa and 40 MPa) of a geopolymer concrete along with three reinforcement diameters (12, 16, and 20 mm) were selected for experimental work. The bond behavior of the reinforced geopolymer concrete is determined using pullout test, finite element analysis (FEA), and theoretical work. The test data indicated that the bond strength of reinforced fly ash-based geopolymer concrete increases about 1.97 to 2.56 times with the increase of compressive strength from 20.33 MPa to 41.12 MPa. For grade 30 MPa and 40 MPa specimens, the concrete cover to diameter ratio (c/db) increased up to 4.19 resulted in the increase of bond strength. Then, the bond strength decreases with the increase of the c/db ratio from 4.19 to 5.75, while grade 20 MPa specimens is vice versa. The bond-slip relations between the reinforcement and geopolymer concrete determined from FEA is in good agreement with experimental results. The coefficient of variation (CoV) is only 0.01. However, this behavior is quite different from the data calculated by the fib model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Alternative Cementitious Binders)
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12 pages, 4108 KiB  
Article
Geopolymers Reinforced with Natural Fibers: A Comparison among Different Sources
by Andrea Saccani, Luisa Molari, Grazia Totaro and Stefania Manzi
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 11026; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112211026 - 21 Nov 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1331
Abstract
The performance of different natural fibers (hemp, kenaf and bamboo) used to formulate composites with an alkali-activated matrix based on metakaolin is evaluated. Short fibers were randomly dispersed up to about 3% of the binder weight, and the fresh and cured properties of [...] Read more.
The performance of different natural fibers (hemp, kenaf and bamboo) used to formulate composites with an alkali-activated matrix based on metakaolin is evaluated. Short fibers were randomly dispersed up to about 3% of the binder weight, and the fresh and cured properties of the derived composites were determined. Up to the investigated fraction, it is still possible to obtain adequate workability without the supply of additional water or additives. Upon modification with fibers, the mechanical behavior changes from completely brittle to pseudoplastic with increased toughness. The flexural strength increases by up to 80% at the highest bamboo amount and up to 20% for kenaf. Hemp fibers have a negligible effect on flexural strength but strongly improve the materials’ toughness. Moreover, the addition of fibers does not change the manner in which the material interacts with moisture. Indeed, the water uptake of the modified samples was comparable to that of the unmodified samples, and the composites showed a decreased rate of water diffusion as the amount of fiber increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Alternative Cementitious Binders)
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20 pages, 4689 KiB  
Article
Fresh State, Rheological and Microstructural Characteristics of Alkali-Activated Mortars Developed Using Novel Dry Mixing Technique under Ambient Conditions
by Dhruv Sood and Khandaker M. A. Hossain
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(19), 8920; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11198920 - 24 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1419
Abstract
Ambient cured alkali-activated mortars (AAMs) are developed through the activation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) by powder form reagents with silica sand using a novel dry-mixing method. The fresh state, rheological, compressive strength and microstructural characteristics of eight AAM mixes are comprehensively investigated. [...] Read more.
Ambient cured alkali-activated mortars (AAMs) are developed through the activation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) by powder form reagents with silica sand using a novel dry-mixing method. The fresh state, rheological, compressive strength and microstructural characteristics of eight AAM mixes are comprehensively investigated. The effects of binary/ternary combinations/proportions of SCMs, different combinations/dosages of powder form reagents and the fundamental chemical ratios (SiO2/Al2O3, Na2O/SiO2, CaO/SiO2 and Na2O/Al2O3) present in the precursors and the reagents are investigated. The AAM mixes obtained compressive strengths ranging from 34 to 42.6 MPa with initial and final setting times between 122 and 458 min and 215 and 483 min, respectively. The yield stress and viscosity of the mixes decreased with the increase in the slump flow spread. All the mixes demonstrated pseudoplastic behavior. The microstructural analysis revealed the formation of more longer polymeric chains comprising Si-Al linkages in N-C-A-S-H/N-A-S-H gels for reagent one (calcium hydroxide:sodium metasilicate = 1:2.5) mixes, which resulted in a lower slump flow, higher yield stress, higher plastic viscosity and quicker setting times compared to their reagent two (calcium hydroxide:sodium sulfate = 2.5:1) counterparts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Alternative Cementitious Binders)
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15 pages, 9112 KiB  
Article
Alkali-Activated Binders Using Bottom Ash from Waste-to-Energy Plants and Aluminium Recycling Waste
by Alex Maldonado-Alameda, Jofre Mañosa, Jessica Giro-Paloma, Joan Formosa and Josep Maria Chimenos
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 3840; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11093840 - 23 Apr 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1808
Abstract
Alkali-activated binders (AABs) stand out as a promising alternative to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to the possibility of using by-products and wastes in their manufacturing. This paper assessed the potential of weathered bottom ash (WBA) from waste-to-energy plants and PAVAL® [...] Read more.
Alkali-activated binders (AABs) stand out as a promising alternative to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to the possibility of using by-products and wastes in their manufacturing. This paper assessed the potential of weathered bottom ash (WBA) from waste-to-energy plants and PAVAL® (PV), a secondary aluminium recycling process by-product, as precursors of AABs. WBA and PV were mixed at weight ratios of 98/2, 95/5, and 90/10. A mixture of waterglass (WG) and NaOH at different concentrations (4 and 6 M) was used as the alkaline activator solution. The effects of increasing NaOH concentration and PV content were evaluated. Alkali-activated WBA/PV (AA-WBA/PV) binders were obtained. Selective chemical extractions and physicochemical characterization revealed the formation of C-S-H, C-A-S-H, and (N,C)-A-S-H gels. Increasing the NaOH concentration and PV content increased porosity and reduced compressive strength (25.63 to 12.07 MPa). The leaching potential of As and Sb from AA-WBA/PV exceeded the threshold for acceptance in landfills for non-hazardous waste. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Alternative Cementitious Binders)
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