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Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Recent Developments and Emerging Trends in Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD)
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Recent Developments and Emerging Trends in Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD)

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2021) | Viewed by 17532

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Warn-Gyu Park

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
Interests: Computational Fluids Dynamics(CFD); wind engineering; Computational Aero-Acoustics(CAA); multi-phase flow simulation; turbomachinery
Prof. Dr. Jinyul Hwang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
Interests: fluid mechanics; wall-bounded turbulence; shear flow over roughness; physical modeling of wall turbulence; turbulent drag reduction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has played a crucial role in elucidating fluid dynamics problems, which deal with the complicated motions of all liquids and gases. In particular, CFD allows us to obtain detailed information about turbulent flow, a ubiquitous phenomenon in many engineering applications. Turbulent flow governs the transport and mixing of momentum, heat, or matter and also leads to the large wall-shear stress near solid walls. Consequently, CFD has become an indispensable engineering tool in predicting turbulent flows and in designing engineering applications. Novel computational approaches, along with the rapid developments of computer power, can provide a new avenues for the understanding and controlling of turbulent phenomena.

For this Special Issue, we invite the submission of original manuscripts as well as review articles that report recent progress on the development and application of computational methods and modeling for fluid dynamics problems. We encourage you to present new techniques for the study of complex fluid flows and the analysis of multiscale and metaphysics turbulent flows.

Prof. Dr. Warn-Gyu Park
Prof. Dr. Jinyul Hwang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Multiphase flow
  • Turbulence
  • Fluid structure interaction
  • Turbulence modeling
  • Computational methods
  • Turbulence simulation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 15159 KiB  
Article
CFD Analysis and Shape Optimization of Airfoils Using Class Shape Transformation and Genetic Algorithm—Part I
by Md Tausif Akram and Man-Hoe Kim
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 3791; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11093791 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3963
Abstract
This paper presents the parameterization and optimization of two well-known airfoils. The aerodynamic shape optimization investigation includes the subsonic (NREL S-821) and transonic airfoils (RAE-2822). The class shape transformation is employed for parametrization while the genetic algorithm is used for optimization purposes. The [...] Read more.
This paper presents the parameterization and optimization of two well-known airfoils. The aerodynamic shape optimization investigation includes the subsonic (NREL S-821) and transonic airfoils (RAE-2822). The class shape transformation is employed for parametrization while the genetic algorithm is used for optimization purposes. The absolute scheme of the optimization process is carried out for the minimization of the drag coefficient and maximization of lift to drag ratio. In-house MATLAB code is incorporated with a genetic algorithm to calculate the drag coefficient and lift to drag ratio of the resulting optimized airfoil. The panel method is utilized in genetic algorithm optimization code to calculate pressure distribution, lift coefficient, and lift to drag ratio for optimized airfoil shapes and validates with XFOIL and NREL experimental data. Furthermore, CFD analysis is conducted for both the original (NREL S-821) and optimized airfoil obtained. The present method shows that the optimized airfoil achieved an improvement in lift to drag ratio by 7.4% and 15.9% of S-821 and RAE-2822 airfoil, respectively, by the panel technique method and provides high design desirable stability parameters. These features significantly improve the overall aerodynamic performance of the newly optimized airfoils. Finally, the improved aerodynamics results are reported for the design of turbulence modeling and NREL phase II, Phase III, and Phase VI HAWT blades. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments and Emerging Trends in Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD))
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24 pages, 7727 KiB  
Article
Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of NREL S809 Airfoil for Wind Turbine Blades Using Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes Model—Part II
by Md Tausif Akram and Man-Hoe Kim
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(5), 2211; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11052211 - 03 Mar 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4086
Abstract
Sustainability has become one of the most significant considerations in everyday work, including energy production. The fast-growing trend of wind energy around the world has increased the demand for efficient and optimized airfoils, which has paved the way for energy harvesting systems. The [...] Read more.
Sustainability has become one of the most significant considerations in everyday work, including energy production. The fast-growing trend of wind energy around the world has increased the demand for efficient and optimized airfoils, which has paved the way for energy harvesting systems. The present manuscript proposes an aerodynamically optimized design of the well-known existing NREL S809 airfoil for performance enhancement of the blade design for wind turbines. An integrated code, based on a genetic algorithm, is developed to optimize the asymmetric NREL S809 airfoil by class shape transformation (CST) and the parametric section (PARSEC) parameterization method, analyzing its aerodynamic properties and maximizing the lift of the airfoil. The in-house MATLAB code is further incorporated with XFOIL to calculate the coefficient of lift, coefficient of drag and lift-to-drag ratio at angles of attack of 0° and 6.2° by the panel technique and validated with National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) experimental results provided by The Ohio State University (OSU). On the other hand, steady-state CFD analysis is performed on an optimized S809 airfoil using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation with the K–ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulent model and compared with the experimental data. The present method shows that the optimized airfoil by CST is predicted, with an increment of 11.8% and 9.6% for the lift coefficient and lift-to-drag ratio, respectively, and desirable stability parameters obtained for the design of the wind turbine blades. These characteristics significantly improve the overall aerodynamic performance of new optimized airfoils. Finally, the aerodynamically improved results are reported for the design of the NREL Phase II, Phase III and Phase VI HAWT blades. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments and Emerging Trends in Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD))
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18 pages, 49518 KiB  
Article
Effects of Bulk Flow Pulsations on Film Cooling with Two Sister Holes
by Seung Il Baek and Joon Ahn
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1537; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11041537 - 08 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1761
Abstract
In a triple-hole system comprising a primary hole and two sister holes, when the sister holes are positioned slightly downstream of the main hole under steady flow conditions, their jets generate an anti-counter-rotating vortex pair. Vortex interactions between the jets increase the effectiveness [...] Read more.
In a triple-hole system comprising a primary hole and two sister holes, when the sister holes are positioned slightly downstream of the main hole under steady flow conditions, their jets generate an anti-counter-rotating vortex pair. Vortex interactions between the jets increase the effectiveness of adiabatic film cooling. In this study, a series of large-eddy simulations were conducted to understand how pulsations in the main flow affect film cooling in a triple hole. To understand the effects of pulsations on film cooling performance is important for better cooling design of the gas turbine engines. The numerical simulations were carried out on a flat plate geometry with a triple cylindrical hole system at 35° injection angle. The pulsations were approximately sinusoidal, and their effect on film cooling was investigated at several frequencies (2, 16, and 32 Hz) and Strouhal numbers (Sr = 0.1005, 0.8043, and 1.6085) at an average blowing ratio of 0.5. The results for the triple-hole system were compared with those for a single hole for the same amount of cooling air and the same cross-sectional area of the holes. Increasing the Strouhal number of the main flow decreased η in both systems. However, at each Strouhal number, η was higher in the triple hole. Furthermore, the triple-hole system was found to be better for film cooling than a single-hole system for higher values of the pulsation Strouhal number. Contours of time-averaged film cooling effectiveness and dimensionless temperature, instantaneous film cooling effectiveness contours on a test plate, mean velocity magnitude contours in the hole, and Q-contours for the triple holes under the application of pulsations to the flow were investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments and Emerging Trends in Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD))
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17 pages, 6083 KiB  
Article
3D CFD Analysis of Natural Ventilation in Reduced Scale Model of Compost Bedded Pack Barn for Dairy Cows
by Flávio A. Damasceno, Joseph L. Taraba, George B. Day, Felipe A. O. Vega, Keller S. O. Rocha, Randi A. Black, Jeffrey M. Bewley, Carlos E. A. Oliveira and Matteo Barbari
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(22), 8112; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10228112 - 16 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6091
Abstract
Compost bedded pack (CBP) barns have been receiving increased attention as an alternative housing system for dairy cattle. To create a satisfactory environment within CBP barns that promotes a good composting process, an adequate air movement and minimal temperature fluctuations throughout the building [...] Read more.
Compost bedded pack (CBP) barns have been receiving increased attention as an alternative housing system for dairy cattle. To create a satisfactory environment within CBP barns that promotes a good composting process, an adequate air movement and minimal temperature fluctuations throughout the building are required. Therefore, a study based on compost barn structure model employing techniques of dimensional analysis for naturally ventilated buildings was developed. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of compost barns with different ridge designs and wind direction, along with the visual demonstration of the impact on airflow through structure were performed. The results showed that the barn ventilation CFD model and simulations were in good agreement with the experimental measurements, predicting the airflow through the CBP barns structure for alternative roof ridge types adequately. The results also indicate that the best roof configuration in the winter was the open ridge with chimney for a west to east wind direction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments and Emerging Trends in Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD))
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