Data-Driven Methods for Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 19980

Special Issue Editors

School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: computational electromagnetics; advanced electrical machines and drive systems for electric vehicles; optimal energy management systems for microgrids and virtual power plants; multidisciplinary design optimization methods based on AI and cloud services
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: advanced electrical machine design and optimization; measurement and modeling of magnetic properties of magnetic materials; multi-disciplinary analysis and system-level robust optimisation of electromagnetic devices; electric motor drives and control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
Interests: electromagnetic and coupled multi-physical field analysis; measurement and modeling of magnetic properties of materials; optimum design of electromagnetic devices and systems; novel electrical machines and drive systems, power systems, and renewable energy technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
Interests: electromagnetic field; numerical analysis; multi-physics coupling and its application in engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electromagnetic devices have been widely employed in domestic appliances and industrial equipment, for example, as electrical drive systems for electrical vehicles. In the context of Industry 4.0, their analysis methods are experiencing significant progress and innovation due to the integration of industrial big data. To facilitate this progress, data-driven approaches have been investigated in the modelling, design, optimization, condition monitoring, and reliability and robustness evaluation of electromagnetic devices and systems, such as the data-driven design optimization method in permanent magnet motors in electric vehicles and data-driven fault diagnosis methods for wind power generators. These new models and analysis methods will benefit the development of digital twin for electromagnetic devices.

This Special Issue aims to present a collection of scientific manuscripts covering the theoretical and practical aspects associated with data-driven methods for the design and analysis of electromagnetic devices and systems. The state-of-the-art and any emerging developments in this field are welcome. Topics may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Model-based analysis and design optimization of electromagnetic devices;
  • Data-driven modelling of electromagnetic devices;
  • Data-driven design optimization of electromagnetic devices;
  • Data-driven methods for the devices’ control systems;
  • Data-driven condition monitoring methods for electromagnetic devices;
  • Evaluation of reliability and robustness;
  • Hybrid data-driven and model-based methods.

Dr. Gang Lei
Prof. Dr. Youguang Guo
Prof. Dr. Jianguo Zhu
Prof. Dr. Yujiao Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (11 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Editorial

Jump to: Research

3 pages, 164 KiB  
Editorial
Data-Driven Methods for Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices
by Gang Lei, Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu and Yujiao Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(21), 11674; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app132111674 - 25 Oct 2023
Viewed by 496
Abstract
Electromagnetic devices, such as electrical drive systems for electric vehicles, have been widely employed in domestic and industrial equipment [...] Full article

Research

Jump to: Editorial

18 pages, 10929 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Comparative Study on Permanent-Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motors and Other Types of Motor
by Guanghui Du, Guiyuan Zhang, Hui Li and Chengshuai Hu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 8557; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13148557 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2073
Abstract
At present, the induction motor (IM), synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM), ferrite-assisted synchronous reluctance motor (ferrite-assisted SynRM) and interior permanent magnet motor (IPM) are research hotspots, but comprehensive comparative research on the four motors is still rare. This paper mainly compares the four motors [...] Read more.
At present, the induction motor (IM), synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM), ferrite-assisted synchronous reluctance motor (ferrite-assisted SynRM) and interior permanent magnet motor (IPM) are research hotspots, but comprehensive comparative research on the four motors is still rare. This paper mainly compares the four motors from the aspects of electromagnetic performance, material cost and temperature distribution. Firstly, the volume of the four motors is ensured to be the same. The influence of the rotor design parameters of the SynRM, ferrite-assisted SynRM and IPM on the electromagnetic properties of the machine is analyzed. Secondly, based on the effects of each parameter, the overall design parameters of the four motors are determined. The electromagnetic performance, material cost and temperature of the four motors are compared and discussed. Finally, the comparison results are summarized, and the advantages of the four motors are analyzed. In different applications, the electromagnetic performance, heat dissipation and cost requirements of the four motors are different. Therefore, this paper makes a comprehensive comparison of the four motors to provide a reference for the selection of motors for different applications. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 4040 KiB  
Article
Sensitivity Analysis of the Design Parameters of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Vibration Reduction
by Mikel Mendizabal, Alex McCloskey, Javier Poza, Sergio Zarate and Leire Irazu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(9), 5486; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13095486 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1203
Abstract
The use of electric motors, and particularly, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, is increasing in recent years, and their vibration response is one of the most crucial aspects regarding their behaviour. Thus, the reduction in vibrations is one of the key objectives when optimizing [...] Read more.
The use of electric motors, and particularly, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, is increasing in recent years, and their vibration response is one of the most crucial aspects regarding their behaviour. Thus, the reduction in vibrations is one of the key objectives when optimizing electric motors. In an initial design state, the influence of the main design parameters on the behaviour of the machines is not always clear. For that reason, this work presents a global sensitivity analysis procedure that allows identifying the most influential design parameters and determining guidelines to optimize the design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors. First, the analytical calculations employed to estimate the electromagnetic torque and the vibration response of the machine are described. Then, the sensitivity analysis procedure, based on the Monte Carlo method, is presented, and the conditions to apply the method successfully and accurately are analysed. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is performed for a particular electric motor design, and some general design guidelines are deduced, which can be extrapolated to similar machines. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 2101 KiB  
Article
Multi-Attribute Machine Learning Model for Electrical Motors Performance Prediction
by Maria Raluca Raia, Sebastian Ciceo, Fabien Chauvicourt and Claudia Martis
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1395; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13031395 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2562
Abstract
Designing an electrical motor is a complex process that needs to deal with the non-linearity phenomena caused by the saturation of the iron at high magnetic field strength, the multi-physical nature of the investigated system and with requirements that may come into conflict. [...] Read more.
Designing an electrical motor is a complex process that needs to deal with the non-linearity phenomena caused by the saturation of the iron at high magnetic field strength, the multi-physical nature of the investigated system and with requirements that may come into conflict. This paper proposes to use geometric parametric models to evaluate the multi-physical performances of electrical machines and build a machine learning model that is able to predict multi-physical characteristics of electrical machines from input geometrical parameters. The focus of this work is to accurately estimate the electromagnetic characteristics, motor losses and stator natural frequencies, using the developed machine learning model, at the early-design stage of the electrical motor, when the information about the housing is not available and to include the model in optimisation loops, to speed-up the computational time. Three individual machine learning models are built for each physics analysed, a model for the torque and back electromotive force harmonic orders, one model for motor losses and another one for natural frequencies of the mode-shapes. The necessary data is obtained by varying the geometrical parameters of 2D electromagnetic and 3D structural motor parametric models. The accuracy of different machine learning regression algorithms are compared to obtain the best model for each physics involved. Ultimately, the developed multi-attribute model is integrated in an optimisation routine, to compare the computational time with the classical finite element analysis (FEA) optimisation approach. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 6983 KiB  
Article
Design Optimization and Comparative Study of a Novel Halbach Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine with Alternate Flux Bridge
by Ziqi Huang, Aten Man Ho Chau, Shuangxia Niu, Xing Zhao and Zhiwei Xue
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 764; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13020764 - 05 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1623
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the alternate flux bridge combining Halbach array in Vernier machines. The key novelty is that integrated with the Halbach array PM, the alternate flux bridge design can not only provide a flux [...] Read more.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the alternate flux bridge combining Halbach array in Vernier machines. The key novelty is that integrated with the Halbach array PM, the alternate flux bridge design can not only provide a flux path for low-order harmonics but also effectively improve the torque density of the machine. Together with the other three traditional structures under the same overall size, current density, and PM usage, the proposed structure is optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) to maximize the average torque and minimize the torque ripple. With the winding configuration of full-pitch (FP) and short-pitch (SP), the back-EMF, efficiency, power factor, and other performances of four machines with different topologies are analyzed and compared, respectively. With 2D time stepping finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental verification, the torque density of the proposed design reaches 40.11 KNm/m3, which is significantly higher than that of its existing counterparts. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1302 KiB  
Article
A Singular Perturbation Approach-Based Non-Cascade Sliding Mode Control for Surface-Mounted PMSMs
by Zhiyuan Che, Haitao Yu, Saleh Mobayen, Murad Ali, Andrzej Bartoszewicz and Yassine Bouteraa
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(20), 10500; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122010500 - 18 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1266
Abstract
Motivated by the fact that electrical transients are rather fast compared with mechanical response, the traditional cascade control structure constituted by the inner current and outer speed loops is usually employed in the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) servo control community. According to [...] Read more.
Motivated by the fact that electrical transients are rather fast compared with mechanical response, the traditional cascade control structure constituted by the inner current and outer speed loops is usually employed in the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) servo control community. According to the above-mentioned time-scale characteristic of the PMSMs drive systems, this technique addresses the problems of the non-cascade sliding mode control (SMC) strategy for the surface-mounted PMSMs. Firstly, by appropriately introducing the singular perturbation theory, the corresponding mathematical equations are modeled as a singular perturbation system. Meanwhile, a composite sliding mode surface is constructed based on the Lyapunov equation, such that the system stability can be also guaranteed. Then, according to the exponential reaching law, a standard non-cascade SMC law is designed. Furthermore, an optimal nonlinear function-based tracking differentiator (TD) is presented to smooth the reference velocity value, while providing differential signals. As a result, a novel TD-based SMC strategy is synthesized by incorporating a nonlinear function, thus improving the inherent chattering phenomenon. Finally, a surface-mounted PMSM servo system is performed to illustrate the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed approaches. The main contribution of this paper is to present an alternative non-cascade SMC framework based on the singular perturbation approach, which provides a novel control structure for a PMSM speed regulation system. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 21158 KiB  
Article
Physics-Informed Generative Adversarial Network-Based Modeling and Simulation of Linear Electric Machines
by Huihuan Wu, Shuangxia Niu, Yunpeng Zhang and Weinong Fu
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(20), 10426; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122010426 - 16 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2186
Abstract
The demand for fast magnetic field approximation for the optimal design of electromagnetic devices is urgent nowadays. However, due to the lack of a publicly available dataset and the unclear definition of each parameter in the magnetic field dataset, the expansion of data-driven [...] Read more.
The demand for fast magnetic field approximation for the optimal design of electromagnetic devices is urgent nowadays. However, due to the lack of a publicly available dataset and the unclear definition of each parameter in the magnetic field dataset, the expansion of data-driven magnetic field approximation is severely limited. This study presents a physics-informed generative adversarial network (PIGAN), as well as a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM)-based magnetic field dataset, for fast magnetic field approximation. It includes the current density, material distribution, electromagnetic material properties, and other parameters of the electric machine. Physics-informed loss functions are utilized in the training process, making the output governed by Maxwell’s equation. Different slot-pole combinations of the PMLSM are involved in the dataset to extend the generalization of PIGAN. Some indicators for the further evaluation of magnetic approximation performance, including image-based metrics and calculation methods for the performance of electric motors, are presented in this study. Some challenges of magnetic field approximation using PIGAN are also discussed. The effectiveness of the physics-informed method is verified by comparing the magnetic field approximation results and the performance analysis results of the PMLSM with FEM, and the speed of PIGAN is approximately 40 times faster than that of FEM, while the accuracy is similar. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 13392 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Temperature Characteristics of Outer Rotor Low-Speed PM Motors Considering Magnetic Load and Current Density
by Guanghui Du, Qizheng Zhang, Qixun Zhou, Chengshuai Hu and Tao Pu
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8339; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12168339 - 20 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1889
Abstract
In the electromagnetic design process of the outer rotor of a low-speed permanent magnet motor (LSPMM), due to the different heat dissipation conditions of the stator core and the stator winding, the selection of different magnetic loads and stator current densities will produce [...] Read more.
In the electromagnetic design process of the outer rotor of a low-speed permanent magnet motor (LSPMM), due to the different heat dissipation conditions of the stator core and the stator winding, the selection of different magnetic loads and stator current densities will produce different temperature distributions even under the same efficiency. In the existing literature, the effects of magnetic load and current density on temperature distribution are rarely studied, which makes it difficult for designers to select optimal electromagnetic parameters to achieve better temperature performance. Therefore, in this paper, the comparison of temperature characteristics considering magnetic load and current density is conducted based on an outer rotor LSPMM. Firstly, the structure and parameters of an initial scheme of a 200 kW 56 rpm motor is determined, and the electromagnetic and temperature characteristics of the initial scheme are obtained through two-dimensional finite element analysis (2D-FEA) using Ansys Maxwell and Motor-CAD software. Secondly, by comparing the temperature and loss characteristics under different magnetic loads and different current densities, the effect of magnetic load on temperature and the effect of current density on temperature are obtained. Furthermore, four different schemes are proposed, and the loss and temperature characteristics of the four schemes under rated load are also compared to obtain the comprehensive effects of magnetic load and current density on temperature. Next, a final scheme is determined based on the above analysis, and the temperature characteristics of the final scheme and the initial scheme are compared to verify the validity of the conclusions. Finally, a prototype is built and tested to verify the feasibility of the conclusions. For LSPMM design, the results and several measurements provided in this paper can help researchers to choose a better optimization scheme to achieve good temperature performance. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 8739 KiB  
Article
Multi-Objective Optimization for Outer Rotor Low-Speed Permanent Magnet Motor
by Guanghui Du, Chengshuai Hu, Qixun Zhou, Wentao Gao and Qizheng Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8113; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12168113 - 13 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1163
Abstract
For outer rotor low-speed permanent magnet motors (LSPMMs), in the optimization design process, not only is the electromagnetic performance optimized, but the influence of the thermal load and copper loss on the temperature in the electromagnetic parameters should also be considered. However, these [...] Read more.
For outer rotor low-speed permanent magnet motors (LSPMMs), in the optimization design process, not only is the electromagnetic performance optimized, but the influence of the thermal load and copper loss on the temperature in the electromagnetic parameters should also be considered. However, these optimized designs that comprehensively consider electromagnetic performance and temperature characteristics are rare in the existing literature. Therefore, this paper focuses on a multi-objective optimization process considering efficiency, thermal load and copper loss. Firstly, according to the initial design, the influence of the design parameters on the efficiency and thermal load is analyzed, and the range of optimization parameters is determined. Next, the response surface is built, the response-surface analysis of electromagnetic performance is performed, and the parameter sensitivity is calculated. Then, the multi-objective optimization design is carried out by comprehensively considering the electromagnetic performance and temperature. Finally, compared with the initial scheme, the optimized scheme improves the efficiency and reduces the temperature, and the optimized scheme is verified by experimentation on a 22 kW, 56 rpm LSPMM prototype, which can provide a reference for the multi-objective optimization of LSPMMs by comprehensively considering the electromagnetic performance and temperature. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 6477 KiB  
Article
Simulation of Electromagnetic Generator as Biomechanical Energy Harvester
by Nedunchelien Gurusamy, Irraivan Elamvazuthi, Norashikin Yahya, Steven Su and Bao-Huy Truong
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 6197; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12126197 - 18 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1886
Abstract
Portable electronic devices are dependent on batteries as the ultimate source of power. Irrefutably, batteries only have a limited operating period as they need to be regularly replaced or recharged. In many situations, the power grid infrastructure is not easily accessible to recharge [...] Read more.
Portable electronic devices are dependent on batteries as the ultimate source of power. Irrefutably, batteries only have a limited operating period as they need to be regularly replaced or recharged. In many situations, the power grid infrastructure is not easily accessible to recharge the batteries and the recharging duration is also not convenient for the user to wait. Enhancement of a reliable electronic system by preventing power interruptions in remote areas is essential. Similarly, modern medical instruments and implant devices need reliable, almost maintenance-free power to ensure they are able to operate in all situations without any power interruptions. In this paper, the small-sized electromagnetic generator was designed to produce higher power by utilizing the knee angle transition involved during the walking phase as the input rotary force. The proposed generator design was investigated through COMSOL Multiphysics simulation. The achieved output RMS power was in the range of 3.31 W to 14.95 W based on the RPM range between 360 RPM to 800 RPM. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 8461 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines with Different Rotor Topologies for High-Speed Applications
by Bo Li, Jianguo Zhu, Chengcheng Liu, Yongjian Li and Gang Lei
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4375; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12094375 - 26 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1934
Abstract
High-speed permanent-magnet synchronous machines (HSPMSMs) are an attractive option for proton-exchange membrane fuel-cell systems. Various HSPMSMs have been developed in the past few years. However, it is difficult to judge which the best candidate is. In this paper, aimed at driving a fuel [...] Read more.
High-speed permanent-magnet synchronous machines (HSPMSMs) are an attractive option for proton-exchange membrane fuel-cell systems. Various HSPMSMs have been developed in the past few years. However, it is difficult to judge which the best candidate is. In this paper, aimed at driving a fuel cell vehicle air compressor, four permanent-magnet machines with different rotor topologies were designed and are compared in terms of electromagnetic, mechanical, rotor-dynamics, and thermal performance. The main topologies of these HSPMSMs are introduced and explained. Then, the electromagnetic and mechanical performance of these HSPMSMs was obtained by using a finite-element method (FEM). To reduce PM demagnetization risk, the temperature increase distributed on the HSPMSMs was also obtained. Lastly, some important conclusions were obtained. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop