Energy Management Control and Optimization for Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Volume II

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2022) | Viewed by 8265

Special Issue Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Huelva, Campus El Carmen, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas, s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain
Interests: energy management systems; control systems; microgrids; transportation electrification; charging infrastructures
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

According to the International Energy Agency, about 55% of the crude oil demand is for transportation. Concerns over energy security from petroleum reserves and the effect of greenhouse gas emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Hybrid electric vehicles have thrived as a lucrative solution to the aforementioned problems, with their intermediate approach to achieving superior mileage and low tailpipe emission compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. To achieve these advantages, it is crucial to have a real-time energy management strategy capable of coordinating the on-board power sources in order to maximize fuel economy. This Special Issue aims to address the challenges posed by energy management control and optimization in vehicle hybridization. Papers are invited that propose novel power management methods capable of acquiring optimal power handling, accommodating system inaccuracies, and suiting real-time applications to improve the powertrain efficiency at different operating conditions. Topics may include the improvement of rule-based control strategies by optimizing the design of their rules and the suitability of optimization-based methods to real-time application as well as the proposal of novel control strategies. Experimental results describing real-life applications of novel technologies are also very welcome.

Prof. Dr. Juan P. Torreglosa
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hybrid electric vehicles
  • energy management
  • control
  • optimization

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 3664 KiB  
Article
Development of Fuzzy-Adaptive Control Based Energy Management Strategy for PEM Fuel Cell Hybrid Tramway System
by Hoai-An Trinh, Hoai-Vu-Anh Truong and Kyoung Kwan Ahn
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(8), 3880; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12083880 - 12 Apr 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2223
Abstract
Currently, the implementation of hybrid proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)-battery-supercapacitor systems for hybrid tramways to replace conventional internal combustion engines and reduce greenhouse gas emissions has triggered an upward trend in developing energy management strategies (EMSs) to effectively deploy this integration. For this [...] Read more.
Currently, the implementation of hybrid proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)-battery-supercapacitor systems for hybrid tramways to replace conventional internal combustion engines and reduce greenhouse gas emissions has triggered an upward trend in developing energy management strategies (EMSs) to effectively deploy this integration. For this purpose, this paper introduces a comprehensive EMS consisting of high-level and low-level controls to achieve appropriate power distribution and stabilize the operating voltage of the powertrain. In the high-level control, a fuzzy logic technique and adaptive control loop are proposed to determine the reference power for energy sources under different working conditions. Meanwhile, the low-level control aims to generate a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) signal for DC/DC converter, associated with each electric source, to regulate the device’s output performance and guarantee the DC bus voltage. Comparisons between the proposed strategy with available approaches are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed EMS through MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation results confirm that the proposed EMS not only sufficiently ensures powers distribution even when the abrupt changes of load or high peak power, but also enhance the efficiency of the PEMFC, in which the PEMFC stack efficiency can be exhibited up to 53% with hydrogen consumption less than 21.4%. Moreover, the DC bus voltage can be regulated with a small ripple of around 1%. Full article
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20 pages, 6075 KiB  
Article
Electric Vehicles Charging Management for Real-Time Pricing Considering the Preferences of Individual Vehicles
by Ali Selim, Mamdouh Abdel-Akher, Salah Kamel, Francisco Jurado and Sulaiman A. Almohaimeed
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(14), 6632; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11146632 - 19 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2361
Abstract
The paper proposes a real-time model for electric vehicles (EVs) controlled load charging. The proposed demand-side management (DSM) of EVs is implemented based on queuing analysis with a nonhomogeneous arrival rate and charging service periods dataset. An electric vehicle model is used which [...] Read more.
The paper proposes a real-time model for electric vehicles (EVs) controlled load charging. The proposed demand-side management (DSM) of EVs is implemented based on queuing analysis with a nonhomogeneous arrival rate and charging service periods dataset. An electric vehicle model is used which is based on a statistical survey to represent the uncontrolled demand of the EVs. A probability distribution for the time at which EVs are plugged and the corresponding value of the state of charges (SOCs) are considered. The preferences of individual EVs have been fully exploited through a set of instructions to fulfill the needs of the vehicles’ owners. The designated preferences include the owner setting for both, charging price preferences (OPR), and the maximum estimated parking time duration (EPTD). The quasi-static time-series (QSTS) simulation is used to simulate real-time scenarios of the 24-h simulation period. The IEEE 123 nodes radial test feeder is analyzed with different daily load curves, EV charging scenarios, and wind power penetrations. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed DSM in avoiding excessive levels of charging with/without penetration of non-dispatchable wind power generation. The proposed DSM enables the EVs to charge with low tariff rates either at excessive renewable power generation or late evening hours with available committed bulk power plants and light loading conditions. Full article
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24 pages, 21438 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Realization of an Electric-Powered Hydraulic Pump System for a Waste Compactor Truck and a Techno-Economic Analysis
by Michele De Santis, Luca Silvestri, Antonio Forcina, Gianpaolo Di Bona and Anna Rita Di Fazio
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(7), 3033; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11073033 - 29 Mar 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2974
Abstract
Most industrial trucks are equipped with hydraulic systems designed for specific operations, for which the required power is supplied by the internal combustion engine (ICE). The largest share of the power consumption is required by the hydraulic system during idling operations, and, consequently, [...] Read more.
Most industrial trucks are equipped with hydraulic systems designed for specific operations, for which the required power is supplied by the internal combustion engine (ICE). The largest share of the power consumption is required by the hydraulic system during idling operations, and, consequently, the current literature focuses on energy saving strategies for the hydraulic system rather than making the vehicle traction more efficient. This study presents the preliminary realization of an electric-powered hydraulic pump system (e-HPS) that drives the lifting of the dumpster and the garbage compaction in a waste compactor truck, rather than traditional ICE-driven hydraulic pump systems (ICE-HPSs). The different components of the e-HPS are described and the battery pack was modelled using the kinetic battery model. The end-of-life of the battery pack was determined to assess the economic feasibility of the proposed e-HPS for the truck lifespan, using numerical simulations. The aim was twofold: to provide an implementation method to retrofit the e-HPS to a conventional waste compactor truck and to assess its economic feasibility, investigating fuel savings during the use phase and the consequent reduction of CO2 emissions. Results show that the total lifespan cost saving achieved a value of 65,000 €. Furthermore, total CO2 emissions for the e-HPS were about 80% lower than those of the ICE-HPS, highlighting that the e-HPS can provide significant environmental benefits in an urban context. Full article
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