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Currents Concepts and Challenges in Oral Health: Implications for the Global Population

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 31911

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mohammad Khursheed Alam

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Guest Editor

Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
Interests: orthodontics; clinical study; craniofacial; dental morphometry; cleft lip and palate; laser; LUPUS; shear bond strength; implant; nano biofusion gel; tooth movement; root resorption; cephalometrics; CBCT; artificial intelligence; oral health; quality of life; biosensor; dental biomaterial; oral diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Amjad Kamal

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Guest Editor

1. Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
2. King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
3. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
4. Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
5. Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
Interests: biochemistry; neuroscience; enzymology; toxicology; metabolomics; nanomedicines; manual lymph drainage and miRNA; leadership in managing staff performance and chaplaincy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Kumar Chandan Srivastava

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Guest Editor

Oral Medicine and Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
Interests: oral and maxillofacial surgery; diagnostic sciences

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oral health is an indispensable component of an individual’s general health and well-being. Numerous oral diseases not only have a negative impact on a patient’s systemic condition but can also influence psychological wellbeing. Likewise, systemic illness has a deleterious impact on oral health. There are various environmental, lifestyle, infectious and genetic factors that initiating, predisposing or perpetuating roles in oral and/or systemic diseases. Considering their extent and severity, these conditions have huge global economic impacts and compromise quality of life. Although advancements in technology have led to improved understandings of oral diseases, many areas remain unanswered. With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), we are witnessing revolutionary advancements in existing diagnostic modalities. The current Special Issue invites original research papers and reviews dealing with the recent concepts in oral health and disease. Research papers focusing on large population-based epidemiological studies of oral diseases, and prognostic and diagnostic markers used in the early detection of chronic oral diseases are of interest. The scope of the Issue includes recent advancements in the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial diseases using biosensors, advanced imaging modalities, and AI-enhanced modalities. Articles studying the impact of oral diseases on systemic health, mental health, and quality of life are also encouraged.

Dr. Mohammad Khursheed Alam
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Amjad Kamal
Dr. Kumar Chandan Srivastava
Guest Editors

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Keywords

oral epidemiology
oral premalignancy and malignancy
oral manifestation
prognostic and diagnostic markers
biosensors
oral and maxillofacial diagnostic imaging
periodontitis
quality of life
artificial intelligence

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 168 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue on Current Concepts and Challenges in Oral Health: Implications for the Global Population

by Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Mohammad Amjad Kamal and Kumar Chandan Srivastava

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 3140; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13053140 - 28 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 719

Abstract

Oral health is an important dimension in the overall health of an individual [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Currents Concepts and Challenges in Oral Health: Implications for the Global Population)

Research

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15 pages, 1940 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Evaluation of Adequacy of Root Canal Treatment Performed by Interns and Undergraduate Dental Students—A Cross-Sectional, Retrospective Study

by Mohammed Assayed Mousa, Akram Mojidea Alshammari, Abdulelah Zaid Alshammari, Meshari M. Alsharari, Muhammad Nadeem Baig, Kumar Chandan Srivastava, Deepti Shrivastava, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Meshal Aber Alonazi and Hmoud Ali Algarni

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(18), 9079; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12189079 - 09 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1420

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the errors that happened during root canal treatment (RCT) and compare the quality of root canal fillings (RCFs) performed by different academic grades of dental students at Jouf University. Materials and Methods: a retrospective audit study was conducted to check the errors that occurred during RCT performed by seniors and undergraduates. The quality of the RCFs were evaluated, using digital periapical radiographs depending on previously validated criteria. Data analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Descriptive statistics were used for expressing the frequencies of variables and the Chi-square test was used for comparing different variables with a 0.05 level of significance. Results: overall, 332 endodontically treated teeth (566 root canals) were finally chosen for the study. Out of these treated cases, 156 teeth (47%) had a total of 287 recorded errors, mainly in posterior teeth. From the total number of errors, short obturation was the highest error occurred (29%), followed by lack of apical seal (25.1%). Root perforation was the least reported error (2.8%), proceeded by broken instruments (5.6%). A total of 13.2% of the errors were teeth left with unfilled canals, while 7.7% were for an overextended filling. There were no significant differences between the quality of RCF performed by different academic grades. Conclusion: depending on the current study, the quality of RCTs performed by seniors and undergraduate students was 53% acceptable. A clear plan should be applied to improve the quality of treatment outcomes of undergraduate students by implementing more effective preclinical training courses, increasing the ration of supervisor-to-students, and using more advanced modalities during treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Currents Concepts and Challenges in Oral Health: Implications for the Global Population)

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10 pages, 252 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Burnout and Its Relation to Emotion Dysregulation and Social Cognition among Female Interns and Undergraduate Dental Students at King Khalid University

by Sandeepa Chalikkandy, Raghad Sulaiman Abdulkhalig Alhifzi, Malak Ali Yahya Asiri, Raghad Saeed A. Alshahrani, Wejdan Nasser Ali Saeed and Sara Ghorman Alamri

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1588; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12031588 - 02 Feb 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2413

Abstract

Background: Burnout is a state of vital exhaustion that has a high global prevalence among dental professionals. Yet the early diagnosis of this syndrome is challenging due to its multidimensional nature. Aim: To assess burnout and its relation to emotional dysregulation and social cognition among undergraduate dental students. Methods: We mailed 148 self-administered questionnaires to all interns and undergraduate dental students belonging to the College of Dentistry’s female campus at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was designed comprising three measuring instruments of psychological inventories to assess work-related stress, namely, burnout (Copenhagen burnout inventory questionnaire (CBI)), emotional dysregulation (emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ)), and social cognition (interpersonal reactivity index (IRI)). We examined the difference in burnout between two cohorts (interns and undergraduates) using Student’s ‘t’ test and the association between emotional regulation/social cognition domains using Pearson’s correlation. Results: Among the participants, around 70% obtained higher scores than the cut-off points for personal and work-related domains in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference in burnout domain between the two cohorts (p > 0.05; Cohen d < 0.3). A negative correlation existed between burnout and emotion regulation, i.e., higher burnout score is associated with lesser cognitive reappraisal and more expressive suppression (CBI—personal burnout r = −0.251; r = −0.220 respectively). Social cognitive scores had various associations among interns and undergraduates, with personal distress being significantly associated with greater burnout levels among both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The present study revealed significantly elevated burnout levels among both interns and undergraduate students. Emotional dysfunction and social cognition assessment can be a valuable adjunct in identifying this erosive syndrome. Early recognition and primordial prevention targeting burnout are strongly recommended. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Currents Concepts and Challenges in Oral Health: Implications for the Global Population)

12 pages, 2619 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Skeletal, Dental, and Soft Tissue Changes after Applying Active Skeletonized Sutural Distractor (ASSD) for Class III Malocclusion Patients

by Rozita Hassan, Wael Ahmed Bayomy Mohamed, Norma Ab. Rahman, Shaifulizan Ab. Rahman and Norkhafizah Saddki

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1233; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12031233 - 25 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1460

Abstract

Background: Nonsurgical treatment of Class III malocclusion may reduce the chances for orthognathic surgery in the future. This study aimed to determine the post-treatment skeletal, dental and soft tissue changes in the anteroposterior plane applying active skeletonized sutural distractor (ASSD) in late adolescent Class III malocclusion patients. Materials and Methods: After screening 13,500 students from 18 secondary schools, a sample of 26 subjects was recruited for this study, with a mean age of 15(±1.4) years after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. ASSD appliances were inserted into patients, and lateral cephalometric x-rays were taken for pre- and post-treatment analysis. Dental casts of the patients were also taken and scanned using a 3D laser scanner for comparisons. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for inter-examiner were 0.87 to 0.99 and 0.96 to 0.99 for lateral cephalometric and dental cast measurements, respectively. The difference in pre- and post-treatment of cephalometric measurements of the mandible showed statistically significant changes for mandibular plane angle (p < 0.001) and SNB angle (p = 0.029). The dental cast measurements showed statistically significant changes of inter-molars width (p < 0.001) as well as palatal (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The results showed statistically significant improvement in skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes after treatment applying ASSD for Class III malocclusion patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Currents Concepts and Challenges in Oral Health: Implications for the Global Population)

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10 pages, 1011 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of Auditory Distraction and Brief Relaxation Therapy in Reducing Anxiety in Dental Patients Undergoing Extraction: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Yaser Ali Alhazmi, Amal Mohammed Mobarki, Wala’a Haser Hakami, Hanin Naser Akairi, Yusra Khalid Altherwi and Mir Faeq Ali Quadri

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 418; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12010418 - 02 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1946

Abstract

Objective: This study compared the effectiveness of auditory distraction and brief relaxation therapy for reducing anxiety in patients undergoing tooth extraction. Methods: A non-blind, three-armed, randomized control trial was carried out. The targeted study population were patients who needed extraction of a non-restorable and non-mobile molar tooth. Eighty-six patients were recruited; the brief relaxation therapy and auditory distraction groups had 32 participants each, while 10 of the 22 participants in the control group were excluded due to missing data. The Hierarchical Anxiety Questionnaire was used to assess the anxiety level. The Mann–Whitney U or Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to compare means between the groups. The before and after comparisons in each group were carried out using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The alpha value was set at 0.05, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: The mean anxiety score after brief relaxation therapy and auditory distraction had significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Although not significant (p = 0.13), there was a slight increase in the anxiety score of the study participants in the control group just before the extraction procedure. Brief relaxation therapy was significantly effective in reducing anxiety scores in comparison to the control group (MD = 5.87, 95% CI = 2.58, 9.17; p = 0.001), but auditory distraction was not (p = 0.14). Conclusion: Both auditory distraction and brief relaxation therapy were effective in reducing patient anxiety before a dental procedure. Furthermore, it would be interesting to learn if these findings remain consistent for more complex dental procedures, such as surgical removal of an impacted third molar. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Currents Concepts and Challenges in Oral Health: Implications for the Global Population)

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11 pages, 1156 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Lip Morphology and Nasolabial Angle in Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and/Palate and Non-Cleft Individuals

by Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Ahmed Ali Alfawzan, Fatema Akhter, Haytham Jamil Alswairki and Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 357; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12010357 - 30 Dec 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2119

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the variation between the non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) and non-cleft (NC) subjects in relation to the lip morphology (LM) and nasolabial angle (NLA). Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalogram (Late. Ceph.) of 123 individuals (92 NSCLP [29 = bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), 41 = unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), 9 = unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA), 13 = unilateral cleft lip (UCL)], and 31 NC) who did not undergo any orthodontic treatment were investigated. By WebCeph, an artificial intelligence- (A.I.) driven software, 2 (two) parameters of LM, namely upper lip to E line (LM-1) and lower lip to E line (LM-2), and NLA analysis was carried out for each individual. Multiple tests were carried out for statistical analysis. Results: The mean ± SD observed for LM-1, LM-2, and NLA for NC individuals were 1.56 ± 2.98, 0.49 ± 3.51, and 97.20 ± 16.10, respectively. On the other hand, the mean ± SD of LM-1, LM-2, and NLA for NSCLP individuals were 4.55 ± 4.23, 1.68 ± 2.82, and 82.02 ± 14.66, respectively. No significant variation was observed with respect to gender and side. NSCLP (different types) and NC individuals showed significant disparities in LM-1 and NLA. Conclusion: It can be concluded that parameters of lip morphology such as LM-1, LM-2, and NLA vary among NSCLP and NC individuals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Currents Concepts and Challenges in Oral Health: Implications for the Global Population)

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8 pages, 211 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oral Cancer Knowledge and Awareness among Patients Referred to a University Dental Hospital in North Cyprus

by Mujgan Firincioglulari, Secil Aksoy and Kaan Orhan

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 192; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12010192 - 25 Dec 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2610

Abstract

Public knowledge about oral cancer may help to prevent and detect the disease at an early stage. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and knowledge levels on oral cancer symptoms and risk factors among patients attending a faculty of dentistry in North Cyprus. A total of 250 adult dental patients participated voluntarily in a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on sociodemographic profile, oral cancer awareness, and knowledge. A total of 54.8% of the participants were male and 91.2% of the participants had a high school diploma and above education. Most participants were knowledgeable about oral cancer symptoms and a majority of them identified oral ulceration (64%). Tobacco cessation was the most selected option for protecting from oral cancer (79.6%). Significant differences were found between genders in current smokers, past tobacco users, alcohol users, and HPV awareness questions (p < 0.05). Furthermore, awareness and knowledge questions were compared between smoker and non-smoker participants and significant differences were found in the answers of ‘alcohol may cause mouth cancer’ and ‘quit tobacco use to prevent oral cancer’ (p < 0.05). This study showed that most of the participants were aware that tobacco cessation reduces the risk of oral cancer. The survey results showed that patients in North Cyprus are generally aware of the risk of tobacco-related oral cancer, but they demonstrate lower knowledge about other risk factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Currents Concepts and Challenges in Oral Health: Implications for the Global Population)

10 pages, 1197 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis and Morphometry of Sella Turcica Association with Different Phenotype Factors Related to Ectopic Eye Tooth/Teeth

by Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Anil Kumar Nagarajappa, Ahmed Ali Alfawzan, Fatema Akhter, Haytham Jamil Alswairki, Rakhi Issrani and Vinod Bandela

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 112; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12010112 - 23 Dec 2021

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Abstract

Objectives: This study investigates the prevalence of Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis (SOS) and sella turcica morphometry (STM) association with different phenotype factors related to ectopic eye tooth/teeth (EET) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. Methods: This comparative retrospective study analyzed 252 CBCT images. Subjects in the EET group consisted of 197 CBCT images with the phenotype factor in number, i.e., unilateral (13, n = 62; 23, n = 59) or bilateral (1323, n = 76) and matched control (n = 55). SOS and STM were investigated using 3D OnDemand Software. Seven parameters of STM were measured. To test the association X2 used for SOS prevalence, disparities in STM were tested using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Results: The prevalence of unfused SOS was 48.4% and 16.1% in the 1323 and control groups, respectively. Fused SOS prevalence was quite similar in all four groups. Phenotype factor in number, i.e., unilateral 13, 23, or bilateral EET group showed significant disparities in six out of seven parameters (p = 0.044 to p ≥ 0.001). Additionally, phenotype factor in position, i.e., occlusal, buccal, or palatal group showed insignificant disparities (p = 0.463 to p = 1.00). Conclusion: SOS in the ectopic eye tooth group (EETG) was prevalent in the 1323 and buccal position groups. Differing from previous two-dimensional (2D) studies, there were statistically significant disparities in all seven measured variables of STM among control, and three different phenotype factors in numbers were revealed using three-dimensional (3D) CBCT imaging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Currents Concepts and Challenges in Oral Health: Implications for the Global Population)

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9 pages, 1192 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effect of Honey and Zinc Oxide Eugenol Dressing for the Treatment of Dry Socket: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

by Zafar Ali Khan, Namdeo Prabhu, Naseer Ahmed, Abhishek Lal, Rakhi Issrani, Afsheen Maqsood, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Sarah Alanazi, Fahad Muqbil Aljohani, Msleh Naim Almndel and Mshari Ali Abdullah Alolait

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 6; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12010006 - 21 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4863

Abstract

Dry socket is a common postoperative complication secondary to any tooth extraction but is more commonly associated with mandibular third molars. Dry socket has been treated with various treatment modalities with different success rates. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using honey and zinc oxide eugenol as an intra-socket medicament for the treatment of dry sockets. Ninety patients were divided into three groups as follows: Group 1 “honey”: 30 patients; Group 2 “zinc oxide eugenol”: 30 patients; and Group 3 “control”: 30 patients. Pre-medication and post-medication pain scores at different time intervals were measured on a verbal rating scale. The mean ages of the patients in each of the groups were as follows: Group 1: 44.26 ± 14.14; Group 2: 45.30 ± 18.08; and Group 3: 51.93 ± 9.75. As regards verbal rating scale pain scores, a significant difference was noted in patients that belonged to Groups 1 and 2, with an immediate reduction in post-medication pain scores. However, patients belonging to Group 3 reported pain and discomfort for over a week. The use of honey and zinc oxide eugenol resulted in significant immediate post-medication pain scores in patients as compared to the control group. Therefore, both honey and zinc oxide eugenol can be used as treatment options for dry socket patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Currents Concepts and Challenges in Oral Health: Implications for the Global Population)

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6 pages, 564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pain Management Using Nano-Bio Fusion Gel in Fixed Orthodontic Therapy-Induced Gingivitis: A Split-Mouth Design Study

by Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Kiran Kumar Ganji, Alreshidi Meshari, Srinivas Munisekhar Manay, Nafij Bin Jamayet and Ammar A Siddiqui

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11463; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112311463 - 03 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2396

Abstract

Nanotechnology-based products containing antioxidants may be effective adjuvants in the treatment of periodontal diseases. To assess the treatment effect of nano bio-fusion gel (NBFG) in pain perception (PP) in fixed orthodontic therapy-induced gingivitis (FOTIG). The gel contains propolis, vitamin C, and vitamin E in the form of nanoemulsion. Thirty-two patients were finally selected from the orthodontic clinic after assessments for FOTIG. Patients were allocated randomly into active and placebo-control groups. Patients were evaluated at three intervals (T1, T2, and T3). Pain perception using a numeric rating scale (NRS) was performed at baseline (T1), on the 7th day (T2) and on the 28th day (T3) on his/her visit to an orthodontic clinic. In the T1, T2, and T3 period, patients apply NBFG (active or placebo side) to their gingiva after brushing two times a day for 28 consecutive days. Results: The baseline data between the active or placebo group showed almost similar PP. From T1 to T2 and T3, the active or placebo-control group showed significant improvement in PP over time. Compared to placebo, the active group showed highly significant (p ≤ 0.001, T1 to T2 and T2 to T3) improvement in PP. The use of NBFG is an effective means of improvement in PP of FOTIG cases. Full article

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11 pages, 3863 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Orthognathic versus Camouflage Treatment of Class III Malocclusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Shifat A Nowrin, Fazal Shahid, Hassan AlHarby, Huda Abutayyem, Haytham Jamil Alswairki and Sally Kamal El-Din Mohamed

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3314; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12073314 - 24 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2630

Abstract

This systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) aimed to compare the treatment effects of orthognathic surgery and orthodontic camouflage treatment in adult subjects with Class III malocclusion (C-III-M). Two independent reviewers conducted the literature search comprehensively from 1990 to 8 November 2021. PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar databases were included for literature search. Moreover, a manual search of references from relevant studies was performed. Based on the literature search, a total of six articles were selected for SR and three articles fulfilled the criteria of a MA. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to evaluate and compare the treatment effects of orthodontic camouflage treatment and orthognathic surgery in adult C-III-M patients. Test for overall effect from the studies was used to estimate the treatment effect of C-III-M. However, Significant heterogeneity and publication bias was apparent among the selected studies. More research on the treatment effects of orthodontic camouflage treatment and orthognathic surgery in C-III-M is necessary to conclude possible interactions with better specificity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Currents Concepts and Challenges in Oral Health: Implications for the Global Population)

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25 pages, 5311 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Upper Airway Changes in Diverse Orthodontic Looms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Haytham Jamil Alswairki, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Shaifulizan Ab Rahman, Rayan Alsuwailem and Sarah Hatab Alanazi

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 916; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12020916 - 17 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2542

Abstract

Upper airway assessment is particularly important in the daily work of orthodontists, because of its close connection with the development of craniofacial structures and with other pathologies such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography images provide a more reliable and comprehensive tool for airway assessment and volumetric measurements. However, the association between upper airway dimensions and skeletal malocclusion is unclear. Therefore, the current systematic review evaluates the effects of different surgical movements on the upper airway. Materials and Methods: Medline (PubMed, OVID Medline, and EBSCO), Cochrane Library (Cochrane Review and Trails), Web of Knowledge (social science, and conference abstracts), Embase (European studies, pharmacological literature, and conference abstracts), CINAHL (nursing and allied health), PsycInfo (psychology and psychiatry), SCOPUS (conference abstracts, and scientific web pages), and ERIC (education) databases were searched. Two authors independently performed the literature search, selection, quality assessment, and data extraction. Inclusion criteria encompassed computed tomography evaluations of the upper airway spaces with retrospective, prospective, and randomised clinical trial study designs. To grade the methodological quality of the included studies a GRADE risk of bias tool was used. Results and conclusion: In total, 29 studies were included. Among these, 17 studies had a low risk of bias, whereas 10 studies had a moderate risk of bias. A meta-analysis was performed with the mean differences using a fixed-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Q-test and the I² index. The meta-analysis revealed significant (p ≤ 0.001, 95% confidence interval) increases in upper airway volume after rapid maxillary expansion and surgical advancement for the correction of Class II. Full article

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11 pages, 1501 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Physics Forceps in Tooth Extraction—A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

by Krishnamachari Janani, Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Ahmed Ismail Nagy, Sulphi Abdul Basheer, Kumar Chandan Srivastava, Hala A. Hosni, Jerry Jose and Deepti Shrivastava

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 254; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12010254 - 28 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3217

Abstract

The present systematic review aims to evaluate the efficiency of Physics forceps over the conventional forceps for the extraction of a tooth. The study began with targeted electronic searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. All selected articles were reviewed by four independent reviewers for eligibility. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to analyze the studies for bias. Due to heterogeneity of the selected studies, a meta-analysis of the current systematic review was not possible. A total of five studies were considered for the final analysis. The risk of bias showed high risk for all five included articles. Various parameters, such as fracture of the root, dry socket, healing, pain, postoperative infection, crown fractures, buccal bone fractures, extraction time, gingival and marginal bone loss, gingival laceration, bleeding and healing were assessed. Based on the data available, there is an insufficient quality of evidence to conclude the superiority of the Physics forceps over conventional forceps. Full article

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