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Applied Sciences
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Application of Plant Natural Compounds
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Application of Plant Natural Compounds

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2022) | Viewed by 63859

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Adriana Basile

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
Interests: plant natural products; secondary metabolites; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity; antitumoral activity; microscopy; protection against environmental stresses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sergio Sorbo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CeSMA, University Federico II of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy
Interests: ultrastructure; plant cell; bryophyte; environmental pollution; response to stress; biological activities; molecular biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Viviana Maresca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy
Interests: bioindicators; aquatic mosses; biomarkers; antioxidant enzyme; DNA damage; ROS; stress-genes; heavy metals; environmental pollution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will collect outstanding papers dealing with the Application of Plant Natural Compounds. It is well known that plants and their products have been used since an early age and countless remedies of folk medicine refer to plants. Today, about 11% of the 252 drugs regarded as basic and essential by the World Health Organization (WHO) are derived from flowering plants (Cragg and Newman 2013). Considering the frequent occurrence of multidrug resistance in clinically isolated patients, plant drugs might prove very useful. The plant kingdom is partly unexplored and offers unexpected and countless resources. So far, over 800 secondary metabolites of lichens have been discovered with a variety of biological activities such as antibiotic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects (Boustie and Grube, 2005; Shrestha and Clair, 2013). Most plant compounds are antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, and some are also antitumoral and could have applications in anticancer therapy (Bontempo et al., 2007; Bailon-Moscoso et al., 2017), not to mention the widespread use of plant poisons as drugs in official medicine.

Furthermore, plants are of great interest in the food industry for many purposes. They can be used as nutraceuticals, flavoring, dressing, preservatives, or decontaminating agents or they are exploited for their biological effects on body parts. Natural plant compounds have another field of application as cosmetics: for example, botanical compounds are used as antiaging agents, due to the interesting content of antioxidants. Taking into account the innumerable biological and chemical activities found in these compounds, countless have potential applications in cosmetics.

The challenge is discovering and demonstrating the effectiveness of plant substances for any purpose and that demands great scientific research effort to explore, discover, and share results in that immense field of scientific research.

Prof. Adriana Basile
Dr. Sergio Sorbo
Dr. Viviana Maresca
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant natural compounds
  • antimicrobial
  • antibiotic
  • antiviral
  • antifungal
  • antioxidant
  • food industry
  • cosmetics

Published Papers (22 papers)

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20 pages, 4086 KiB  
Article
The Ameliorating Effect of Lizhong-Tang on Antibiotic-Associated Imbalance in the Gut Microbiota in Mouse
by Hye-Ri Ahn, Do Hwi Park, Myoung-Sook Shin, Quynh Nhu Nguyen, Jun Yeon Park, Dong-Wook Kim, Ki Sung Kang and Hye Lim Lee
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 6943; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12146943 - 08 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1389
Abstract
Some herbal medicines have anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal effects. This study analyzed the modulating effect of gut microbiota of anti-inflammatory herbal medicines on antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The anti-inflammatory effects of 10 herbal medicines and Lizhong-tang active compounds were studied by measuring the nitric oxide [...] Read more.
Some herbal medicines have anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal effects. This study analyzed the modulating effect of gut microbiota of anti-inflammatory herbal medicines on antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The anti-inflammatory effects of 10 herbal medicines and Lizhong-tang active compounds were studied by measuring the nitric oxide production in an in vitro experiment. This was followed by an in vivo experiment in which the anti-diarrheal effects of Lizhong-tang and Magnolia officinalis in a lincomycin-induced AAD mouse model were measured. Changes in the intestinal microflora were observed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Both Lizhong-tang and M. officinalis were effective against AAD, with Lizhong-tang’s anti-diarrheal effects being particularly effective. In addition, the active compounds of Lizhong-tang, liquiritin and 6-gingerol, inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, thus showing an anti-inflammatory effect. Gut microbiota analysis showed that Lizhong-tang could alter the composition of the gut microbiota and ameliorated imbalance in the gut microbiota in a lincomycin-induced AAD mouse model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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19 pages, 3722 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Chemopreventive Properties and Phytochemical Analysis of Solanum nigrum L. Aerial Parts and Root Extracts
by Elżbieta Gębarowska, Jacek Łyczko, Maciej Rdzanek, Benita Wiatrak, Elżbieta Pląskowska, Hanna Gołębiowska, Amadeusz Kuźniarski and Tomasz Gębarowski
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 6845; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12146845 - 06 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2267
Abstract
This study evaluated in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf and root extracts from Solanum nigrum L. and determined its chemical composition. The chemical profile of S. nigrum L. extract was tested using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass [...] Read more.
This study evaluated in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf and root extracts from Solanum nigrum L. and determined its chemical composition. The chemical profile of S. nigrum L. extract was tested using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Disc diffusion and microdilution assays were used for the antibacterial activities. Antifungal activity was measured using the poisoned food technique. In vitro activity on the cell culture model was assessed by MTT assay, viability measurement and by determination of cellular ROS by DCFDA assay. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for extracts from aerial parts ranged from 125 to 500 μg/mL for gram-positive cocci and Pectobacterium strains. The growth inhibition coefficient ranged from 17–56%, depending on the dosage. The antifungal effect of S. nigrum extracts on the tested filamentous fungi depended on the dose. An inhibitory effect of 50–56% on fungi was observed against Alternaria alternata and Chaetomium globosum. The study showed a reduction in cellular vitality of THP1, A549, MCF7 and HeLa cancer lines using both extracts. In addition, there was a decrease in the number of viable cells in cultures incubated with the extract of aerial parts and a reduction in oxygen radicals in the cells. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using S. nigrum extracts from the aerial part as antimicrobial factors. Both extracts show chemopreventive properties by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and reducing the level of free radicals. Both extracts show chemopreventive properties by inhibiting cancer cell growth and lowering free radical levels. The broad biological activity of the studied extracts can be used in agriculture, veterinary usages and medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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13 pages, 3208 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant and 5α-Reductase Inhibitory Activity of Momordica charantia Extract, and Development and Characterization of Microemulsion
by Patarapan Trakoolthong, Naphatsorn Ditthawuttikul, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Sasithorn Sirilun, Wandee Rungseevijitprapa, Sartjin Peerajan and Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4410; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12094410 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3038
Abstract
Momordica charantia (M. charantia) is rich in flavonoids, which possess a strong antioxidant capacity and may help prevent hair loss. This study aims to develop the microemulsion of M. charantia with antioxidant activity and 5α-reductase (5aR) inhibitory activity. The total phenolic [...] Read more.
Momordica charantia (M. charantia) is rich in flavonoids, which possess a strong antioxidant capacity and may help prevent hair loss. This study aims to develop the microemulsion of M. charantia with antioxidant activity and 5α-reductase (5aR) inhibitory activity. The total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and 5aR inhibitory activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the fruit were investigated. The preparation of M. charantia extract-loaded microemulsion (MELM) was optimized and characterized the MELM. The aqueous extract of M. charantia fruit flesh displayed a TPC of 780.75 ± 24.82 mg Gallic acid equivalence/g of extract. ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activities were observed in all the extracts. About 0.461 ± 0.003 mg finasteride equivalence/g of extract of 5aR inhibitory activity was detected in the aqueous extract of the inner tissue of M. charantia fruit. Based on NO radical scavenging and 5aR inhibitory activity, an aqueous extract of the inner tissue (pericarp with seed) of M. charantia fruit was used to prepare the MELM. The MELM was prepared using a different ratio of tween 80 and ethanol as Smix. The results showed that the 1:1 ratio of tween 80: ethanol produced microemulsion of an optimum size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index. The MELM samples were stored at 5, 30, and 40 °C for 12 weeks, and the stability was assessed. The results revealed that the size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of the formulated MELM remained unchanged during the investigated time. This study primarily reports the 5aR inhibitory activity of M. charantia extract and the development of microemulsion. The prepared MELM could be further developed into cosmetic or pharmacological preparations to manage hair loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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18 pages, 4974 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of In Vitro Wound-Healing Potential, Antioxidant Capacity, and Antimicrobial Activity of Stellaria media (L.) Vill
by Florina Miere (Groza), Alin Cristian Teușdea, Vasile Laslo, Simona Cavalu, Luminița Fritea, Luciana Dobjanschi, Mihaela Zdrinca, Marcel Zdrinca, Mariana Ganea, Priscilla Pașc, Adriana Ramona Memete, Angela Antonescu, Andreea Margareta Vlad and Simona Ioana Vicas
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11526; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112311526 - 05 Dec 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3382
Abstract
The healing of skin wounds remains an important concern in medicine, especially in chronic wounds caused by various diseases such as diabetes. Using herbs or herbal products to heal skin wounds is a therapeutic challenge for traditional medicine. In this context, the main [...] Read more.
The healing of skin wounds remains an important concern in medicine, especially in chronic wounds caused by various diseases such as diabetes. Using herbs or herbal products to heal skin wounds is a therapeutic challenge for traditional medicine. In this context, the main aim of our work was to highlight the in vitro healing potential of Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (SM) extract using the scratch assay on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). The ability to stimulate cell migration and proliferation under the influence of different concentrations of SM extract (range between 12.5 and 200 µg/mL) was determined compared to the control (untreated in vitro-simulated wound) and positive control (allantoin 50 µg/mL). Our results showed that the concentration of 100 µg/mL SM extract applied on the simulated wound recorded the strongest and fastest (24 h) migration (with wound closure) and proliferation of NHDF compared with the control. In addition, the SM extract was characterized in terms of bioactive compounds (total phenols and flavonoids content), antioxidant capacity (FRAP (The Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power) assay and electrochemical method), and antimicrobial activity. The results show that the SM extract contains a considerable amount of polyphenols (17.19 ± 1.32 mg GAE/g dw and 7.28 ± 1.18 mg QE/g dw for total phenol and flavonoid content, respectively) with antioxidant capacity. Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) is higher than E. coli at a dose of 15 µg/mL. This study showed that Stellaria media is a source of polyphenols compounds with antioxidant capacity, and for the first time, its wound healing potential was emphasized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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12 pages, 3418 KiB  
Article
Host–Guest Inclusion Complexes of Essential Oils with Strong Antibacterial and Antifungal Features in Beta-Cyclodextrin for Solid-State Pharmaceutical Applications
by Aldo Arrais, Marta Manzoni, Alessia Cattaneo, Valentina Gianotti, Nadia Massa, Giorgia Novello, Alice Caramaschi, Elisa Gamalero and Elisa Bona
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(14), 6597; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11146597 - 18 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2285
Abstract
Essential oils are widely recognized as natural alternatives to pharmaceutical antibacterial and antifungal agents. With respect to standard pharmaceutics, the advantages of essential oils are their (i) low production costs, (ii) lack of chemical and biochemical drawbacks that are intrinsic to the synthetic [...] Read more.
Essential oils are widely recognized as natural alternatives to pharmaceutical antibacterial and antifungal agents. With respect to standard pharmaceutics, the advantages of essential oils are their (i) low production costs, (ii) lack of chemical and biochemical drawbacks that are intrinsic to the synthetic production process and (iii) good tolerance by humans. On the other hand, the liquid nature of essential oils poses concerns about their actual application in different therapeutic issues regarding their persistence and the ability to control or prolong drug release. In this study, two essential oils from oregano and winter savory showing antibacterial and antifungal features were complexed in a solid state with beta-cyclodextrin. Host–guest inclusion complexes were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, ESI-MS and GC-MS techniques. Manyfold terpenic and non-terpenic components of the oils could be observed and unambiguously identified as being included inside the carbohydrate hosts. Many of them provided a specific biocidal action. Indeed, essential oil host–guest inclusion products were tested against two Candida species and an S. aureus reference strain, showing that the oils effectively maintained their liquid performances. Solid-state tablets of the essential oil inclusion complexes embedded in polyvinylpyrrolidone could be obtained. These results pave the way for the solid-state application of essential oils in antibacterial and antifungal pharmaceutical treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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17 pages, 1656 KiB  
Article
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Oregano and Lavender Essential Oils
by Chahla Benbrahim, Mohammed Salih Barka, Adriana Basile, Viviana Maresca, Guido Flamini, Sergio Sorbo, Federica Carraturo, Rosaria Notariale, Marina Piscopo, Abdelmounaim Khadir, Asma Zatout and Sara Mechaala
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5688; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11125688 - 19 Jun 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3798
Abstract
Folk medicine uses wild herbs, especially from the Lamiaceae family, such as oregano and lavender, in the treatment of many diseases. In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Origanum glandulosum Desf. and Lavandula dentata L. against [...] Read more.
Folk medicine uses wild herbs, especially from the Lamiaceae family, such as oregano and lavender, in the treatment of many diseases. In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Origanum glandulosum Desf. and Lavandula dentata L. against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. The chemical composition of essential oils and their effect on the ultrastructure of the tested bacteria and on the release of cellular components that absorb at 260 nm were studied. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and the production of reactive oxygen species in human lymphocytes treated with essential oils were evaluated. Thymol (33.2%) was the major constituent in O. glandulosum, and β-pinene (17.3%) was the major constituent in L. dentata. We observed ultrastructural damage in bacteria and increased release of cellular material. Furthermore, ROS production in human lymphocytes treated with essential oils was lower than in untreated lymphocytes and no cytotoxicity was observed. Therefore, the essential oils of lavender and oregano could be used as a source of natural antibacterial and antioxidant agents with potential pharmacological applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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17 pages, 2514 KiB  
Article
Skin Antiaging Effects of the Fermented Outer Layers of Leaf Skin of Aloe barbadensis Miller Associated with the Enhancement of Mitochondrial Activities of UVb-Irradiated Human Skin Fibroblasts
by Hyeonwoo Lee, Woonyong Choi, Hyangseon Ro, Gyurae Kim and Hyeonyong Lee
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5660; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11125660 - 18 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2731
Abstract
This study is the first to show that increased mitochondrial activities improved the antiaging effects of Aloe vera leaf skin fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum on UVb-irradiated skin fibroblasts. The fermented extract (AF) increased the activities of mitochondrial reductase and the complex [...] Read more.
This study is the first to show that increased mitochondrial activities improved the antiaging effects of Aloe vera leaf skin fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum on UVb-irradiated skin fibroblasts. The fermented extract (AF) increased the activities of mitochondrial reductase and the complex II and significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, even under UVb stress conditions, and also increased DPPH free radical scavenging activities compared with the hot water extract of outer layers of aloe leaf (AW) and quercetin itself. AF exerted a synergistic effect with quercetin and bioactive substances derived from the fermentation process. Moreover, mitochondrial activation of UVb-irradiated human skin fibroblasts by 0.3% (w/v) of the AF plays important roles in increasing collagen production up to 125 ± 5.45% and decreasing MMP-1 secretion down to 69.41 ± 2.63% of the control levels. The AF enhanced the upregulation of collagen gene expression, and this change was also greater than those induced by the AW and quercetin. Therefore, this study concludes that fermentation of the skin of aloe leaves increases the activation of mitochondria and inhibits the photo-aging of UVb-irradiated skin fibroblasts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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17 pages, 89606 KiB  
Article
Antimycotoxigenic Activity of Beetroot Extracts against Alternaria alternata Mycotoxins on Potato Crop
by Nesrine H. Youssef, Sameer H. Qari, Said I. Behiry, Eldessoky S. Dessoky, Ehab I. El-Hallous, Moustafa M. Elshaer, Ahmed Kordy, Viviana Maresca, Ahmed Abdelkhalek and Ahmed A. Heflish
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 4239; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11094239 - 07 May 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2397
Abstract
Alternaria species, mainly air-borne fungi, affect potato plants, causing black spots symptoms. Morphological identification, pathogenicity assessment, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) molecular identification confirmed that all isolates were Alternaria alternata. The annotated sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers MN592771–MN592777. HPLC analysis [...] Read more.
Alternaria species, mainly air-borne fungi, affect potato plants, causing black spots symptoms. Morphological identification, pathogenicity assessment, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) molecular identification confirmed that all isolates were Alternaria alternata. The annotated sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers MN592771–MN592777. HPLC analysis revealed that the fungal isolates KH3 (133,200 ng/g) and NO3 (212,000 ng/g) produced higher levels of tenuazonic acid (TeA) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), respectively. Beet ethanol extract (BEE) and beet methanol extract (BME) at different concentrations were used as antimycotoxins. BME decreased the production of mycotoxins by 66.99–99.79%. The highest TeA reduction rate (99.39%) was reported in the KH3 isolate with 150 µg/mL BME treatment. In comparison, the most effective AME reduction rate (99.79%) was shown in the NO3 isolate with 150 µg/mL BME treatment. In the same way, BEE application resulted in 95.60–99.91% mycotoxin reduction. The highest TeA reduction rate (99.91%) was reported in the KH3 isolate with 150 µg/mL BEE treatment, while the greatest AME reduction rate (99.68%) was shown in the Alam1 isolate with 75 µg/mL BEE treatment. GC-MS analysis showed that the main constituent in BME was the antioxidant compound 1-dodecanamine, n,n-dimethyl with a peak area of 43.75%. In contrast, oxirane, methyl- (23.22%); hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (10.72%); and n-hexadecanoic acid (7.32%) were the main components in BEE found by GC-MS. They are probably antimicrobial molecules and have an effect on the mycotoxin in general. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the antimycotoxigenic activity of beet extracts against A. alternata mycotoxins-contaminated potato crops in Egypt, aimed to manage and save the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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9 pages, 1102 KiB  
Article
Glycemic Control Potential of Chemically Characterized Extract from Withania frutescens L. Roots in Severe Diabetes-Induced Mice
by Abdelfattah El Moussaoui, Hamza Mechchate, Mohammed Bourhia, Imane Es-safi, Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah, Mohammed Saeed Alkaltham, Heba Khalil Alyahya, Dalila Bousta and Amina Bari
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 3998; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11093998 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1671
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that causes impairment, mortality, and many other complications. Insulin and several synthetic medications are currently used in the treatment of diabetes. However, these pharmaceutical drugs are costly, and therefore medicines place priority on alternatives to fight this [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that causes impairment, mortality, and many other complications. Insulin and several synthetic medications are currently used in the treatment of diabetes. However, these pharmaceutical drugs are costly, and therefore medicines place priority on alternatives to fight this lethal disease. This modest study aims to investigate the chemical composition, antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic potentials along with subacute toxicity (bodyweight change and biochemical parameters) of hydroethanol extract from Withania frutescens L. roots (WFRE). The chemical analysis was carried out using GC–MS after extract silylation. The chemical analysis identified many potentially active compounds that may determine the antidiabetic results of WFRE. The antidiabetic effect of WFRE was evaluated in mice with severe diabetes using oral administration of doses up to 400 mg/kg for 28 days. The results of the antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic tests indicate that WFRE possesses promising glucose-lowering effects and, as a result, it may serve as an antidiabetic alternative for long-term use. The 4-week treatments with different doses of plant extract did not alter the bodyweight appearance of the diabetic mice nor their biochemical parameters (AST and ALT). The findings obtained indicate that the studied plant extract controlled severe diabetes in mice. Therefore, Withania frutescens L. can serve society as it provides natural agents to control diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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12 pages, 2582 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation and Apoptotic Effects of Datura innoxia Grown in Saudi Arabia and Phytochemical Analysis
by Mohammed Al-Zharani, Fahd A. Nasr, Ali S. Alqahtani, Mary Anne W. Cordero, Amal A. Alotaibi, Asmatanzeem Bepari, Saud Alarifi, Ali Daoud, Ibrahim O. Barnawi and Haytham M. Daradka
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(6), 2864; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11062864 - 23 Mar 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2863
Abstract
Datura innoxia is an important species of Solanaceae family with several purposes in folk medicine. This study intends to explore the cytotoxic effect of D. innoxia on various cancer cell proliferation. D. innoxia ethanolic extract’s effect on the progression of the cell cycle [...] Read more.
Datura innoxia is an important species of Solanaceae family with several purposes in folk medicine. This study intends to explore the cytotoxic effect of D. innoxia on various cancer cell proliferation. D. innoxia ethanolic extract’s effect on the progression of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry. Further, real-time PCR was employed to confirm apoptosis initiation. In addition, active phytochemicals of D. innoxia was identified by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The cell viability study revealed that the ethanolic extract of D. innoxia demonstrated potent cytotoxicity, with an IC50 value of 10 μg/mL against LoVo colon cancer cells. Cell cycle staining with propidium iodide revealed that D. innoxia treatment leads to cell accumulation in the sub-G1 phase. Using the Annexin V-FITC/PI assay, the ethanolic extract was found to cause a dose-dependent increase in early and late apoptosis when compared to control cells. Apoptosis as the mode of cell death was also confirmed by the increased expression of p53, bax and caspase-8, -9, and -3 along with downregulation of Bcl-2. GC-MS analysis displayed that 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (16.53%), heneicosyl formate (14.14%), 2,3-dimethyl-3-pentanol (12.89%), 2-hydroxy-4-methyl pentanoic acid (5.19%) were the main phytoconstituents. These findings conclude that D. innoxia causes cell death through apoptosis, suggesting more attention should be paid to further exploration of the active components from D. innoxia responsible for the observed activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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13 pages, 3009 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Anticancer Activity and Characterization of Bioactive Constituents of Moricandia sinaica (Boiss.) Boiss through In Vitro and In Silico Approaches in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line
by Muhammad Farooq Khan, Fahd A. Nasr, Almohannad A. Baabbad, Ali S. Alqahtani and Mohammad A. M. Wadaan
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 1244; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11031244 - 29 Jan 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1920
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy and recurrence are major hurdles to treating hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. The crude extract and natural products obtained from medicinal plants are believed to be multitargeted and possess less toxicity as compared to synthetic compounds. The aerial parts and roots [...] Read more.
Resistance to chemotherapy and recurrence are major hurdles to treating hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. The crude extract and natural products obtained from medicinal plants are believed to be multitargeted and possess less toxicity as compared to synthetic compounds. The aerial parts and roots of Moricandia sinaica (Boiss.) Boiss were used to prepare the crude extracts in solvents of different polarities. Human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231), liver carcinoma (HepG2), and nontumorigenic cells of human origin (human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)) were treated with a serial dilution of crude extracts obtained from the aerial and roots of Moricandia sinaica (Boiss.) Boiss. The methanol extract of the shoots exhibited a higher level of cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells than against any other cancer and nontumorigenic cells lines. Six new compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry analysis in the shoots extract of Moricandia sinaica (Boiss.) Boiss, and 2-Tridecen-1-ol was one of the major compounds that represent more than 35% of the extract. M-phase inducer phosphases 1 and 2 (CDC 25A and B) were identified as the specific protein target for 2-Tridecen-1-ol by the Swiss protein target prediction tool. In silico molecular docking showed the binding of 2-Tridecen-1-ol with CDC 25 B with a higher binding energy as compared to CDC 25A. The possible molecular mechanism of anticancer activity of Moricandia sinaica (Boiss.) Boiss in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer is through inhibition of M-phase inducer phosphatases 1 and 2 via 2-Tridecen-1-ol. Further investigations in breast cancer models are needed to explore the therapeutic potential of Moricandia sinaica (Boiss.) Boiss and 2-Tridecen-1-ol as an efficient remedy with a possibly less toxic approach to treat triple-negative breast cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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10 pages, 1650 KiB  
Article
Development of Inula graveolens (L.) Plant Extract Electrospun/Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: A Novel Material for Biomedical Application
by Wasan J. Al-Kaabi, Salim Albukhaty, Adnan J. M. Al-Fartosy, Hassan Kh. Al-Karagoly, Sharafaldin Al-Musawi, Ghassan M. Sulaiman, Yaser H. Dewir, Mona S. Alwahibi and Dina A. Soliman
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(2), 828; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11020828 - 17 Jan 2021
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 4198
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in research on nanofibrous scaffolds developed by electrospinning bioactive plant extracts. In this study, the extract material obtained from the medicinal plant Inula graveolens (L.) was loaded on polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun polymeric nanofibers. The combined mixture [...] Read more.
Recently, there has been a growing interest in research on nanofibrous scaffolds developed by electrospinning bioactive plant extracts. In this study, the extract material obtained from the medicinal plant Inula graveolens (L.) was loaded on polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun polymeric nanofibers. The combined mixture was prepared by 5% of I. graveolens at 8% (PCL) concentration and electrospun under optimal conditions. The chemical analysis, morphology, and crystallization of polymeric nanofibers were carried out by (FT-IR) spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and XRD diffraction. Hydrophilicity was determined by a contact angle experiment. The strength was characterized, and the toxicity of scaffolds on the cell line of fibroblasts was finally investigated. The efficiency of nanofibers to enhance the proliferation of fibroblasts was evaluated in vitro using the optimal I. graveolens/PCL solutions. The results show that I. graveolens/PCL polymeric scaffolds exhibited dispersion in homogeneous nanofibers around 72 ± 963 nm in the ratio 70/30 (V:V), with no toxicity for cells, meaning that they can be used for biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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10 pages, 2045 KiB  
Article
Protective Effect of Chemically Characterized Polyphenol-Rich Fraction from Apteranthes europaea (Guss.) Murb. subsp. maroccana (Hook.f.) Plowes on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice
by Fatima Ez-Zahra Amrati, Mohammed Bourhia, Meryem Slighoua, Smahane Boukhira, Riaz Ullah, Essam Ezzeldin, Gamal A. E. Mostafa, Andriy Grafov and Dalila Bousta
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(2), 554; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11020554 - 08 Jan 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1940
Abstract
Apteranthes europaea (Guss.) Murb. subsp. maroccana (Hook.f.) Plowes (A. europaea) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicines to treat various diseases including hepatic pathogenesis. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of chemically characterized polyphenol-rich fraction from [...] Read more.
Apteranthes europaea (Guss.) Murb. subsp. maroccana (Hook.f.) Plowes (A. europaea) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicines to treat various diseases including hepatic pathogenesis. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of chemically characterized polyphenol-rich fraction from A. europaea on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. The chemical characterization of A. europaea polyphenol-rich fraction was carried out using HPLC-DAD (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode-array detector (DAD)). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce liver injuries in mice as described in previous works. A polyphenol-rich fraction from A. europaea was used at a dose of 50 mg/Kg to study its hepatoprotective effect. Next, histopathological and biochemical alterations were investigated. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds: gallic acid, methyl gallate, rutin, ferulic acid, and resorcinol. Regarding the mice treated with a polyphenol-rich fraction from A. europaea up to 50 mg/Kg and carbon tetrachloride, no significant biochemical nor histological alterations occurred in their liver; meanwhile, serious biochemical and histopathological changes were noted for liver recovered from the mice treated with carbon tetrachloride only. In conclusion, A. europaea extract is a promising source of hepatoprotective agents against toxic liver injury. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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11 pages, 1585 KiB  
Article
Defatted Hydroethanolic Extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Cosson and Durieu Seeds: Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
by Imane Es-Safi, Hamza Mechchate, Amal Amaghnouje, Anna Calarco, Smahane Boukhira, Omar M. Noman, Ramzi A. Mothana, Fahd A. Nasr, Hicham Bekkari and Dalila Bousta
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 9147; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10249147 - 21 Dec 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2129
Abstract
The seeds of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Cosson and Durieu have been used in the North African Sahara as a traditional medicine to treat diabetes. The present study investigates the antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties of the defatted hydroethanolic extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus (DHEAM). The [...] Read more.
The seeds of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Cosson and Durieu have been used in the North African Sahara as a traditional medicine to treat diabetes. The present study investigates the antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties of the defatted hydroethanolic extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus (DHEAM). The antidiabetic and the antihyperglycemic studies were assessed on alloxan-induced diabetic with orally administered doses of DHEAM (100 and 200 mg/kg). At the same time, its anti-inflammatory propriety was evaluated by measuring edema development in the Wistar rats paw induced with carrageenan. Treatment of diabetic mice with DHEAM for four weeks managed their high fasting blood glucose levels, improved their overall health, and also revealed an excellent antihyperglycemic activity. Following the anti-inflammatory results, DHEAM exhibited a perfect activity. HPLC results revealed the presence of seven molecules (chlorogenic acid, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, myricetin, quercetin, luteolin). This work indicates that the DHEAM has an important antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory effect that can be well established as a phytomedicine to treat diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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9 pages, 2042 KiB  
Article
Kinetics of Hyaluronidase Inhibition by Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Protein Hydrolysate
by Hui-Ju Chen, Fan-Jhen Dai, Siao-Ling Fan, Yu-Chun Huang, Chi-Fai Chau, Yung-Sheng Lin and Chin-Shuh Chen
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 9087; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10249087 - 18 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2417
Abstract
Research on the skin’s maintenance and protection against aging has gradually progressed toward phytocosmetics. This study investigated the in vitro hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of rice protein hydrolysate obtained by using bacterial amylase and protease against skin aging-related enzymes. Here, the molecular weights of [...] Read more.
Research on the skin’s maintenance and protection against aging has gradually progressed toward phytocosmetics. This study investigated the in vitro hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of rice protein hydrolysate obtained by using bacterial amylase and protease against skin aging-related enzymes. Here, the molecular weights of rice protein hydrolysates were in the range 5–63 kDa. Every 100 g of a rice protein hydrolysate contains approximately 2960 mg of total amino acid, including essential amino acids (893 mg) and branched-chain amino acids (591 mg). A kinetic study showed that hyaluronidase inhibition by the rice protein hydrolysate occurs through a competitive reaction mechanism. Achieving effective hyaluronidase inhibitory activity, the rice protein hydrolysate had a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 7.61 mg/mL. Because hyaluronidase activity inhibition is crucial for treating skin aging, rice protein hydrolysates should be considered as cosmeceutical ingredients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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13 pages, 3725 KiB  
Article
Anxiolytic, Antidepressant-Like Proprieties and Impact on the Memory of the Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Origanum majorana L. on Mice
by Amal Amaghnouje, Hamza Mechchate, Imane Es-safi, Amal A. Alotaibi, Omar M. Noman, Fahd A. Nasr, Mohammed Al-zharani, Pierfrancesco Cerruti, Anna Calarco, Hinde EL Fatemi, Andriy Grafov and Dalila Bousta
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8420; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10238420 - 26 Nov 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2903
Abstract
Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) infusion has been used as folk medicine against depression and anxiety. However, no studies have been carried out yet to prove those activities scientifically. In this study, the anxiolytic, antidepressant-like effects, and memory impact of the hydro-ethanolic extracts [...] Read more.
Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) infusion has been used as folk medicine against depression and anxiety. However, no studies have been carried out yet to prove those activities scientifically. In this study, the anxiolytic, antidepressant-like effects, and memory impact of the hydro-ethanolic extracts of marjoram were evaluated in mice. The hydro-ethanolic extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) were evaluated for their central nervous effect using six different behavioral tests such as light–dark box (LDB) and open field (OF) for anxiety, forced swim test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST) for depression, and object recognition test (ORT), Morris water maze (MWM) for the impact on memory. The experiments were realized on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 of treatments and compared with bromazepam for anxiety (1 mg/kg) and paroxetine for depression (11.5 mg/kg). The phytochemical screening was performed by HPLC, and the acute and sub-acute toxicities were performed following OCED guidelines (N°423 and 407) with biochemical parameters evaluation and histopathological analysis. Oral administration of marjoram hydro-ethanolic extract induced significant anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects without memory impairment, increasing the exploration and time spent in the light area in the LDB test in a similar way to that of bromazepam. In the FST and TST, the extract was as effective as paroxetine (11.5 mg/kg, p.o.) in reducing immobility. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of ferulic acid, naringin, hydroxytyrosol, geraniol, and quercetin. This study approves the traditional use of this plant and encourages further investigation on its bioactive compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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16 pages, 2224 KiB  
Article
Anti-Sebum Efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica L. (Emblica) Toner on Facial Skin
by Thanaroat Timudom, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Pratya Tiampasook and Duangporn Nacapunchai
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(22), 8193; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10228193 - 19 Nov 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5518
Abstract
Oily skin is a problem for a large number of people, especially in tropical countries. This condition results in comedones, inflammatory acne, and other aesthetic problems in the skin. Emblica (Phyllanthus emblica L.) has a number of benefits for the skin; for [...] Read more.
Oily skin is a problem for a large number of people, especially in tropical countries. This condition results in comedones, inflammatory acne, and other aesthetic problems in the skin. Emblica (Phyllanthus emblica L.) has a number of benefits for the skin; for instance, there were some studies that suggested that emblica has skin whitening effects, and anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities; however, its anti-sebum efficacy has not been reported.The objective of this research was to study the anti-sebum efficacy of emblica toner on facial skin. The toner base was formulated, accelerated stability was tested, and preferences were evaluated in 10 volunteers. The toner base with the highest preference score was mixed with emblica extract. Then, the toner base and emblica toners were assessed for skin irritation by a single patch test in 30 volunteers. The anti-sebum efficacy was conducted using the randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, split-face method with unwashed and only-washed skin positions added to the middle of the forehead in the same group of volunteers assessed by a skin sebum measurement, SebumScale®, at 1 h before the test, once after washing, and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after applying the toners on forehead and cheek skin. The stable toner base with the highest preference (85.6 ± 1.8%) was mixed with 1%, 2%, and 3% emblica extract. The toners were stable and did not cause any skin irritation. The 3% emblica toner was chosen for efficacy evaluation. The casual sebum levels of the forehead skin and cheek skin were 66.66 ± 7.01 and 56.12 ± 7.75 µg/cm2, respectively. The sebum level of the unwashed skin position changed (5.0 ± 1.66%) insignificantly up to 4 h (p > 0.05). In comparison, the sebum level of the only-washed skin position was recovered to the casual sebum level (99.4 ± 1.23%) within 3 h. Furthermore, the anti-sebum efficacy of the emblica toner (23.5 ± 1.24%) was higher than that of the toner base (12.0 ± 1.52%) (p < 0.05). The anti-sebum efficacy of emblica toner on cheek skin (26.9 ± 1.78%) was higher than that on forehead skin (20.1 ± 1.34%) (p < 0.05). In summary, the model of evaluation of anti-sebum efficacy used in this study has been found to be practical, and the emblica toner is safe and has apparent anti-sebum efficacy on facial skin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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11 pages, 2118 KiB  
Article
Effect of Feijoa Sellowiana Acetonic Extract on Proliferation Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Human Gastric Cancer Cells
by Sabino Russi, Viviana Maresca, Pietro Zoppoli, Michele Aieta, Graziella Marino, Alessandro Sgambato, Orazio Ignomirelli, Mario Ciuffi, Tiziana Notarangelo, Adriana Basile, Geppino Falco and Simona Laurino
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(21), 7756; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10217756 - 02 Nov 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2021
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) still represents a relevant health problem in the world for both incidence and mortality rates. Many studies underlined that natural products consumption could reduce GC risk, indicating flavonoids as responsible for the beneficial effects through the modulation of several biological [...] Read more.
Gastric cancer (GC) still represents a relevant health problem in the world for both incidence and mortality rates. Many studies underlined that natural products consumption could reduce GC risk, indicating flavonoids as responsible for the beneficial effects through the modulation of several biological processes, such as the inhibition of cancer antioxidant defense and induction of apoptosis. Since Feijoa sellowiana fruit is known to contain high amounts of flavonoids, among which is flavone, we evaluated the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of F. sellowiana acetonic extract on GC cell lines through MTS and Annexin-V FITC assays. Among three GC cell lines tested, SNU-1 results being sensitive to both the F. sellowiana acetonic extract and synthetic flavone, which was used as the reference treatment. Moreover, we evaluated their antioxidant effects, assessing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes supeoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in polymorphonuclear cells. We found a significant increase of their activity after exposure to both F. sellowiana acetonic extract and flavone, supporting the idea that a diet that includes flavone-rich fruits could be of benefit for health. In addition to this antioxidant effect on normal cells, this study indicates, for the first time, an anticancer effect of F. sellowiana acetonic extract in GC cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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11 pages, 2688 KiB  
Article
Biomedical Application of a Herbal Product Based on Two Asteraceae Species
by Alice Grigore, Georgeta Neagu, Sultana Nita, Carmen Ionita, Lucian Ionita, Ana-Maria Goanta, Cristina Fernoaga, Valerica Danacu and Radu Albulescu
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6444; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10186444 - 16 Sep 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1930
Abstract
Background: Species belonging to the Asteraceae family have been widely studied for their healing properties. The paper introduces STOMAPET (patent pending A2016/00888/23.11.2016) based on Eupatorium cannabinum (hemp-agrimony) and Inula helenium (elecampagne) and its potential application in diseases of the oral system. Methods: STOMAPET [...] Read more.
Background: Species belonging to the Asteraceae family have been widely studied for their healing properties. The paper introduces STOMAPET (patent pending A2016/00888/23.11.2016) based on Eupatorium cannabinum (hemp-agrimony) and Inula helenium (elecampagne) and its potential application in diseases of the oral system. Methods: STOMAPET was prepared according to the patent application and HPLC analysis was performed for chemical analysis. In vitro studies were performed using human monocytes and the cells’ viability was determined by MTS assay. In vivo studies involved lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine endotoxemia and veterinary clinical case reports. Results: HPLC analysis revealed various phenolic compounds and alantolactone. In in vitro studies, monocytes viability remained stable, around and above 100% at all concentrations (7.8 to 250 µg/mL), and a high stimulatory effect on cell proliferation was noted. In LPS-induced murine endotoxemia, STOMAPET prevents mortality, improves the decrease in body mass, and prevents the drop in temperature. Case reports of companion animals with oral diseases ameliorated after STOMAPET treatment are presented. Conclusions: Preclinical studies confirmed the safety of STOMAPET and its pharmacological potential. The results of the veterinary case reports are also encouraging. More studies are needed to find the precise mechanism of action in correlation to chemical composition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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16 pages, 3154 KiB  
Article
Effect of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. on Tensile Strength of Virgin and Bleached Hairs
by Pratya Tiampasook, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Thanaroat Timudom and Duangporn Nacapunchai
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6305; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10186305 - 10 Sep 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3458
Abstract
In Ayurveda medicine, Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (emblica) has been used as a hair nourisher for more than a decade by soaking it overnight, but no study has proved the effect of emblica on hair. This research aims to determine the effect of emblica [...] Read more.
In Ayurveda medicine, Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (emblica) has been used as a hair nourisher for more than a decade by soaking it overnight, but no study has proved the effect of emblica on hair. This research aims to determine the effect of emblica solution on the tensile strength of three types of hair: virgin hair (VH), bleached hair (BH), and twice bleached hair (TH). The investigated active substances were deionized water (DI water) as a control, 3% emblica extract solution (3% EXS), 6% emblica extract solution (6% EXS), and 9% emblica extract solution (9% EXS). Black Virgin Asian hair was measured and analyzed before bleaching with a 12% bleaching agent once (BH) and twice (TH). Three treatments and the control were applied to each type of hair under a controlled condition. The tensile characteristics and surface morphology of all treated hairs were measured and analyzed by texture analysis (TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer, Stable Micro Systems), Aramo (Aramo-SG Skin & Hair analysis system), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM model JSM-5410LV JEOL). The results of the nanoindentation test proved that the tensile strength and extensibility of all three types of hair increased in all concentrations (DI water, 3% EXS, 6% EXS, and 9% EXS). High magnification SEM images were taken from the cuticle surfaces and cross-sections. Emblica extracted solution (EXS) formed a coating around the hair, especially cuticle damaged by bleaching (BH and TH). The breaking pattern from the cross-section images showed that emblica extract solution reinforced all hair types. In conclusion, the emblica extract solution has a significant positive effect on the tensile strength and extensibility of VH, BH, and TH. The result has proved the ancient intelligence that the emblica nourishes the hair. In addition, our results show additional benefit by strengthening virgin hair and bleached hair. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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10 pages, 1640 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant Properties of Jatropha curcas L. Seed Shell and Kernel Extracts
by Shu-Ling Huang, Wei-Hsiung Wang, Xin-Yi Zhong, Chih-Ting Lin, Wen-Shin Lin, Min-Yun Chang and Yung-Sheng Lin
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(9), 3279; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10093279 - 08 May 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3223
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of the seed shells and kernels of Jatropha curcas L. The extracts obtained from five solutions (0%–95% ethanol) were tested and compared. Overall, the antioxidant capacity of seed shell extracts was higher [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of the seed shells and kernels of Jatropha curcas L. The extracts obtained from five solutions (0%–95% ethanol) were tested and compared. Overall, the antioxidant capacity of seed shell extracts was higher than that of seed kernel extracts. The seed shell extract obtained using 95% ethanol exhibited the best antioxidant activity among the five solutions. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and free radical scavenging ability of 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) were 13.63 ± 0.15 and 6.75 ± 0.51 μg/mL, respectively. The reduction ability and total phenol content were 95.14 ± 27.04 μg ascorbic acid equivalents/mg of extract and 536.33 ± 8.62 μg gallic acid equivalents/mg of extract, respectively. In in vitro cytotoxicity assays, solutions with less than 250 μg/mL of seed shell extract had no major cytotoxicity. The seed shell of Jatropha curcas L. can be used as an antioxidant material and has potential for biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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Review

Jump to: Research

14 pages, 844 KiB  
Review
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Extracts and Bioactive Compounds in Bryophytes
by Piergiorgio Cianciullo, Viviana Maresca, Sergio Sorbo and Adriana Basile
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 160; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12010160 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4328
Abstract
Today global health problems such as increased risks of oxidative stress-related diseases and antibiotic resistance are issues of serious concern. Oxidative stress is considered to be the underlying cause of many contemporary pathological conditions such as neurological disorders, ischemia, cancer, etc. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria [...] Read more.
Today global health problems such as increased risks of oxidative stress-related diseases and antibiotic resistance are issues of serious concern. Oxidative stress is considered to be the underlying cause of many contemporary pathological conditions such as neurological disorders, ischemia, cancer, etc. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a concerning issue in clinical practice, causing an increase in deadly infections. Bryophytes synthesize an outstanding number of secondary metabolites that have shown several potential therapeutic and nutraceutical applications. Research in the field has led to the isolation and characterization of several compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, and bibenzyls). Some of these compounds have shown promising in vitro antibacterial activities and antioxidant potential comparable to known natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. However, the process of developing new drugs from naturally occurring molecules is often an impervious path. In this paper, the current state of research of bryophytic antioxidant and antibacterial applications is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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