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Applied Sciences
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Thermal Energy Storage Systems
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Thermal Energy Storage Systems

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 16702

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Agus Pulung Sasmito

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Assistant Professor, Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A2A7, Canada
Interests: multiphysics modeling; mine ventilation; energy systems; industrial transport processes and thermal–fluid sciences and engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ali G Madiseh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
Interests: mine–mechanical equipment; mine energy systems; energy efficiency; renewable energy systems and energy conservation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jundika Candra Kurnia

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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Perak, Malaysia
Interests: thermal energy storage; energy systems; industrial transport processes and thermal–fluid sciences and engineering; mine ventilation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We cordially invite you to contribute to our Special Issue of Applied Sciences on the theme of Thermal Energy Storage Systems. This Special Issue aims at gathering the best papers on development and applications of thermal energy storage.

Thermal energy storage is gaining considerable market and academic interest. It offers the possibility to bridge the mismatch between energy supply and demand, to smooth input temperature for certain applications, and increase overall system efficiency. Unsurprisingly, it has gained significant attention from researchers worldwide. To expedite the development of thermal energy storage, studies on the heat transfer mechanism, thermal properties of the storage medium, and various performance enhancement strategies are needed.

We welcome both experimental and computational studies. Topics of interest for this Special Issue include but are not limited to:

  • Heat transfer enhancement in thermal energy storage;
  • Novel storage medium (material) for thermal energy storage;
  • Thermal energy storage in electronic, building, and other applications;
  • Thermal energy storage management systems.

For inquiries regarding this Special Issue, please contact Dr Agus P Sasmito ([email protected]).

Dr. Agus Pulun Sasmito
Dr. Ali G Madiseh
Dr. Jundika Candra Kurnia
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermal energy storage
  • sensible heat
  • latent heat

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 6262 KiB  
Article
Numerical Evaluation of the Transient Performance of Rock-Pile Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage Systems Coupled with Exhaust Heat Recovery
by Leyla Amiri, Marco Antonio Rodrigues de Brito, Seyed Ali Ghoreishi-Madiseh, Navid Bahrani, Ferri P. Hassani and Agus P. Sasmito
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(21), 7771; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10217771 - 03 Nov 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2050
Abstract
This study seeks to investigate the concept of using large waste rocks from mining operations as waste-heat thermal energy storage for remote arctic communities, both commercial and residential. It holds its novelty in analyzing such systems with an experimentally validated transient three-dimensional computational [...] Read more.
This study seeks to investigate the concept of using large waste rocks from mining operations as waste-heat thermal energy storage for remote arctic communities, both commercial and residential. It holds its novelty in analyzing such systems with an experimentally validated transient three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer model that accounts for interphase energy balance using a local thermal non-equilibrium approach. The system performance is evaluated for a wide range of distinct parameters, such as porosity between 0.2 and 0.5, fluid velocity from 0.01 to 0.07 m/s, and the aspect ratio of the bed between 1 and 1.35. It is demonstrated that the mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid does not expressively impact the total energy storage capacity of the rock mass, but it does significantly affect the charge/discharge times. Finally, it is shown that porosity has the greatest impact on both fluid flow and heat transfer. The evaluations show that about 540 GJ can be stored on the bed with a porosity of 0.2, and about 350 GJ on the one with 0.35, while the intermediate porosity leads to a total of 450 GJ. Additionally, thermal capacity is deemed to be the most important thermophysical factor in thermal energy storage performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Energy Storage Systems)
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16 pages, 1881 KiB  
Article
Techno-Economic Trade-Off between Battery Storage and Ice Thermal Energy Storage for Application in Renewable Mine Cooling System
by Sajjan Pokhrel, Ali Fahrettin Kuyuk, Hosein Kalantari and Seyed Ali Ghoreishi-Madiseh
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(17), 6022; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10176022 - 31 Aug 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3681
Abstract
This paper performs a techno-economic assessment in deploying solar photovoltaics to provide energy to a refrigeration machine for a remote underground mine. As shallow deposits are rapidly depleting, underground mines are growing deeper to reach resources situated at greater depths. This creates an [...] Read more.
This paper performs a techno-economic assessment in deploying solar photovoltaics to provide energy to a refrigeration machine for a remote underground mine. As shallow deposits are rapidly depleting, underground mines are growing deeper to reach resources situated at greater depths. This creates an immense challenge in air-conditioning as the heat emissions to mine ambient increases substantially as mines reach to deeper levels. A system-level design analysis is performed to couple PV with a refrigeration plant capable of generating 200 tonne of ice per day to help to mitigate this issue. Generated ice can directly be used in cooling deep underground mines via different types of direct heat exchangers. State-of-the-art technology is used in developing the model which aims to decrease the size and cost of a conventional refrigeration system run on a diesel generator. Costs associated with deploying a solar system are computed as per the recent market value. Energy savings, carbon emissions reduction, and net annual savings in employing the system are quantified and compared to a diesel-only scenario. In addition, two different energy storage strategies: an ice storage system and a battery storage system, are compared. A detailed economic analysis is performed over the life of the project to obtain the net cash flow diagram, payback period, and cumulative savings for both systems. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is proposed to highlight the effect of solar intensity on solar system size and the area required for installment. The study suggests that the use of solar PV in mine refrigeration applications is technically feasible and economically viable depending on the sun-peak hours of the mine location. Additionally, the economics of deploying an ice storage system compared to the battery storage system has a better payback period and more cumulative savings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Energy Storage Systems)
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23 pages, 6809 KiB  
Article
Thermal Conductivity and Stability of Novel Aqueous Graphene Oxide–Al2O3 Hybrid Nanofluids for Cold Energy Storage
by Yuguo Gao, Jiancai An, Yangyang Xi, Zhenzhong Yang, Junjun Liu, Arun S. Mujumdar, Lijun Wang and Agus P. Sasmito
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(17), 5768; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10175768 - 20 Aug 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2326
Abstract
Thermal ice storage has gained a lot of interest due to its ability as cold energy storage. However, low thermal conductivity and high supercooling degree have become major issues during thermal cycling. For reducing the cost and making full use of the advantages [...] Read more.
Thermal ice storage has gained a lot of interest due to its ability as cold energy storage. However, low thermal conductivity and high supercooling degree have become major issues during thermal cycling. For reducing the cost and making full use of the advantages of the graphene oxide–Al2O3, this study proposes heat transfer enhancement of thermal ice storage using novel hybrid nanofluids of aqueous graphene oxide–Al2O3. Thermal conductivity of aqueous graphene oxide–Al2O3 nanofluid was measured experimentally over a range of temperatures (0–70 °C) and concentrations. Thermal conductivity of ice mixing with the hybrid nanoparticles was tested. The influences of pH, dispersant, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time on the stability of the hybrid nanofluids were examined. A new model for the effective thermal conductivity of the hybrid nanofluids considering the structure and Brownian motion was proposed. The results showed that pH, dispersant, ultrasonic power level and ultrasonication duration are important factors affecting the stability of the hybrid nanofluids tested. The optimum conditions for stability are pH = 11, 1% SDS, 375 W ultrasonic power level and 120 min ultrasonic application time. The thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids increases with the increase of temperature and mass fraction of nanoparticles. A newly proposed thermal conductivity model considering the nanofluid structure and Brownian motion can predict the thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids reasonably well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Energy Storage Systems)
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16 pages, 7169 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study of a Horizontal and Vertical Shell and Tube Ice Storage Systems Considering Three Types of Tube
by Seyed Soheil Mousavi Ajarostaghi, Kurosh Sedighi, Mojtaba Aghajani Delavar and Sébastien Poncet
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(3), 1059; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10031059 - 05 Feb 2020
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2523
Abstract
There is a growing interest in sustainable energy sources for energy demand growth of power industries. To align the demand and the consumption of electrical energy, thermal energy storage appears as an efficient method. In the summer days, by using a cold storage [...] Read more.
There is a growing interest in sustainable energy sources for energy demand growth of power industries. To align the demand and the consumption of electrical energy, thermal energy storage appears as an efficient method. In the summer days, by using a cold storage system like ice storage, peaks of the energy usage shift to low-load hours of midnights. Here, we investigate the charging process (namely solidification) numerically in an ice-on-coil thermal energy storage configuration, where ice is formed around the coil or tube to store the chilled energy. The considered ice storage system is a shell and tube configuration, with three kinds of tubes including a U-shaped tube, a coil tube with an inner return line, and a coil tube with an outer return line. Advanced 3D unsteady simulations are achieved to determine the effects of tube type and position of the ice storage (horizontal or vertical) on the solidification process. Results indicate that using a coil tube speeds up the ice formation, as compared with the simple U-shaped tube. The coil tube with an outer return line exhibits a better performance (more produced ice), as compared with the coil tube with an inner return line. After 16 h of solidification, the coil tube with the outer return line has about 1.057% and 1.32% lower liquid fraction in comparison with the coil tube with the inner return line and U-shaped tube, respectively, for both positions (vertical and horizontal). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Energy Storage Systems)
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13 pages, 3514 KiB  
Article
Peripheral Isothermal System of Heat Gain Storage for Thermal Stability in Low-Energy Buildings
by Arkadiusz Węglarz, Michał Pierzchalski and Dariusz Heim
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(15), 3091; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9153091 - 31 Jul 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2331
Abstract
The problem of heat storage in low- or ultra-low-energy houses is becoming a crucial issue. The general purpose of this study was to determine the potential for utilising heat gain recovery in a building. The proposed solution is based on an auxiliary latent [...] Read more.
The problem of heat storage in low- or ultra-low-energy houses is becoming a crucial issue. The general purpose of this study was to determine the potential for utilising heat gain recovery in a building. The proposed solution is based on an auxiliary latent heat storage tank using paraffin RT24. The tank is connected to an integrated heat recovery system that supplies heat from the internal loop of a mechanical ventilation system. The storage capacity of the tank was determined using the proposed parameter “excess of heat gains” of the thermal zone, and was obtained by measurement. The detailed construction of the tank, the phase change material properties and the quantity were proposed. The data that was collected allowed for the calculation of the temporary charging level as well as the overall seasonal energy stored in the tank. It was shown that during the heating season, the temperature could rise above the set-up value of 20 °C by as much as 8 K at maximum. Although the analysed building was characterised by heavy construction and high thermal mass, the additional heat could be effectively stored and utilised to cover the energy demand of the zone at the level of 88 MJ/a and 208 MJ/a, depending on the airflow rate between the rooms and the heat exchanger, for 140 and 420 m3/h, respectively. The expected energy effect for a low thermal mass construction, e.g., a timber frame was much higher and the results obtained by using the numerical simulation were 116 MJ/a for 140 m3/h, and 273 MJ/a for 420 m3/h, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Energy Storage Systems)
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9 pages, 2099 KiB  
Article
Thermo-Mechanical Investigations of Packed Beds for High Temperature Heat Storage: Continuum Modeling
by Philipp Knödler
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(12), 2569; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9122569 - 25 Jun 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2882
Abstract
Thermal energy storage (TES) systems are central elements for various types of new power plant concepts, whereat packed beds represent a promising storage inventory option. Due to thermal expansion and shrinking of the packed bed’s particles during cyclic thermal charging and discharging operation, [...] Read more.
Thermal energy storage (TES) systems are central elements for various types of new power plant concepts, whereat packed beds represent a promising storage inventory option. Due to thermal expansion and shrinking of the packed bed’s particles during cyclic thermal charging and discharging operation, high technical risks arise, and possibly lead to material failure. In order to accurately design the heat storage system, suitable tools for calculating induced forces and stresses are mandatory. Continuum models offer time efficient simulation results, but are in need of effective packed bed parameters. This paper introduces a methodology for applying a simplified continuum model and presents first results for an exemplarily large-scale application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Energy Storage Systems)
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