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Atmosphere
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Meteorological Extrema and Storm Simulations in Eurasia
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Meteorological Extrema and Storm Simulations in Eurasia

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Meteorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 January 2022) | Viewed by 11922

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alexander V. Kislov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: weather extremes; climate change; paleoclimates
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The goal of this Special Issue is to bring together observational and modeling studies focused on a better understanding of the extreme weather events. Extremes, as well as various complexes of these phenomena, are associated with cyclones and mesoscale systems (the latter are often embedded in the cyclone circulation system).To reproduce the extremes in computer experiments, it is necessary to apply hydrodynamic models that simulate the detailed (mesometeorological) structure of extratropical cyclones. It is very interesting to study the Atlantic and Pacific cyclones (including the cyclones originated due to the transformation of hurricanes into extratropical cyclones), the cyclones that occur on branches of the polar front over the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas, as well as over the eastern coast of Eurasia (connecting to the Meiyu front), to consider extratropical cyclones showing signs of hurricanes (a medicane) as well the polar lows over the Arctic seas and thermal depressions over the arid regions of Asia.

For the statistical description of extrema, the well-known probability distribution functions have traditionally been applied. However, clarification of this issue is required in the context of climate changes, which should lead to changes in the statistics of extremes.

For this Special Issue, we invite scientists to contribute new studies of Meteorological Extrema and Storm Simulations in Eurasia. Contributions can include but are not limited to the following: analysis of extremes through extreme value analysis, analysis of extrema simulated by models including results obtained on the bases of machine learning methods, analysis of circulation systems responsible for the occurrence of extrema, taking into account their difference in different regions, changes in extrema statistics due to climate changes, etc. These important questions remain open and require new multifaceted studies.

Prof. Dr. Alexander V. Kislov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2114 KiB  
Article
Objective Detection of a Tropical Cyclone’s Center Using Satellite Image Sequences in the Northwest Pacific
by Jia Liu and Qian Zhang
Atmosphere 2022, 13(3), 381; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13030381 - 24 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1466
Abstract
A tropical cyclone (TC) is one of the most destructive natural disasters that can cause heavy loss of life and property. Determining a TC’s center is crucial to TC forecasting. It is difficult to locate the center of a TC during its formation [...] Read more.
A tropical cyclone (TC) is one of the most destructive natural disasters that can cause heavy loss of life and property. Determining a TC’s center is crucial to TC forecasting. It is difficult to locate the center of a TC during its formation stage and dissipation period. To address this problem, a novel objective algorithm called cloud motion wind (CMW) was proposed for detecting a TC’s center using infrared (IR) image sequences from a geostationary meteorology satellite. First, the optical flow model with weighted median filtering was utilized to build a cloud motion wind field. Second, the density matrix method was used to calculate the center of the TC. FY-2E (Fengyun-2E geostationary meteorological satellites) IR images of three TCs in the Northwest Pacific, Halong, Rammasun and Haiyan were analyzed using the proposed algorithm. The present algorithm estimated the track with an averaged track error of around 41 km. Experimental results compared with the observed track that was given by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) show that the proposed method provided accurate estimates of the cyclone center. The present algorithm has the potential to be employed to assist forecasters to detect the track of imminent TC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Meteorological Extrema and Storm Simulations in Eurasia)
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26 pages, 9310 KiB  
Article
Climatology and Formation Environments of Severe Convective Windstorms and Tornadoes in the Perm Region (Russia) in 1984–2020
by Andrey Shikhov, Alexander Chernokulsky, Nikolay Kalinin, Alexey Bykov and Evgeniya Pischalnikova
Atmosphere 2021, 12(11), 1407; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos12111407 - 26 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1932
Abstract
Severe convective windstorms and tornadoes regularly hit the territory of Russia causing substantial damage and fatalities. An analysis of the climatology and formation environments of these events is essential for risk assessments, forecast improvements and identifying of links with the observed climate change. [...] Read more.
Severe convective windstorms and tornadoes regularly hit the territory of Russia causing substantial damage and fatalities. An analysis of the climatology and formation environments of these events is essential for risk assessments, forecast improvements and identifying of links with the observed climate change. In this paper, we present an analysis of severe convective windstorms, i.e., squalls and tornadoes reported between 1984 and 2020 in the Perm region (northeast of European Russia), where a local maximum in the frequency of such events was previously found. The analysed database consists of 165 events and includes 100 squalls (convective windstorms), 59 tornadoes, and six cases with both tornadoes and squalls. We used various information to compile the database including weather station reports, damage surveys, media reports, previously presented databases, and satellite images for windthrow. We found that the satellite images of damaged forests are the main data source on tornadoes, but their role is substantially lower for windstorm events due to the larger spatial and temporal scale of such events. Synoptic-scale environments and associated values of convective indices were determined for each event with a known date and time. Similarities and differences for the formation conditions of tornadoes and windstorms were revealed. Both squalls and tornadoes occur mostly on rapidly moving cold fronts or on waving quasi-stationary fronts, associated with low-pressure systems. Analyses of 72-h air parcel backward trajectories shows that the Caspian and Aral Seas are important sources of near-surface moisture for the formation of both squalls and tornadoes. Most of these events are formed within high CAPE and high shear environments, but tornadic storms are generally characterised by a higher wind shear and helicity. We also differentiated convective storms that caused forest damage and those did not. We found the composite parameter WMAXSHEAR is the best discriminator between these two groups. In general, storm events causing windthrow mainly occur under conditions more favourable for deep well-organised convection. Thus, forest damage can be considered as an indicator of the storm severity in the Perm region and in adjacent regions with forest-covered area exceeding 50%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Meteorological Extrema and Storm Simulations in Eurasia)
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Review

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19 pages, 18417 KiB  
Review
Typhoon Resistance Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbines: A Review
by Jiawen Li, Zhenni Li, Yichen Jiang and Yougang Tang
Atmosphere 2022, 13(3), 451; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13030451 - 10 Mar 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 8062
Abstract
A typhoon is a tropical cyclone in the western Pacific Ocean and the China seas. Typhoons are some of the most destructive natural disasters on Earth. In China, typhoons have had major impacts on the stability and structural integrity of offshore wind turbines [...] Read more.
A typhoon is a tropical cyclone in the western Pacific Ocean and the China seas. Typhoons are some of the most destructive natural disasters on Earth. In China, typhoons have had major impacts on the stability and structural integrity of offshore wind turbines in the complex and harsh marine environment. In this research, first, the main causes of wind turbine damage were analyzed based on the characteristics of a typhoon and a wind turbine structure for typical typhoon-induced accidents. Second, the research progress of the anti-typhoon design of offshore wind turbines and the anti-typhoon strategy of wind farms operation and maintenance was summarized. Finally, the problems to be further solved in these research fields were presented to provide references for the development of offshore wind turbines, in particular, floating wind turbines in typhoon-prone areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Meteorological Extrema and Storm Simulations in Eurasia)
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