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Journals
Atmosphere
Special Issues
Climate Extremes and Their Impacts
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Climate Extremes and Their Impacts

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Climatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (9 March 2023) | Viewed by 13929

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fei Ji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia
Interests: regional climate simulation and evaluation; climate extreme; climate dynamics; climate change impact assessment;
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Kevin K.W. Cheung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
E3-Complexity Consultant, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia
Interests: tropical meteorology; severe weather; climate dynamics; nonlinear science; numerical analysis and prediction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nicholas Herold

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Applied Climate Science Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2088, Australia
Interests: climate extremes; climate change risk assessments; climate dynamics; best practice use of climate data in adaptation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate extremes affect all of humanity, and their impacts can be catastrophic. We invite you to submit model and observationally based studies that assess the probability and impacts of individual climate extremes, coincident climate extremes, and compound climate extremes at regional to global scales. Such climate extremes may include but are not limited to heatwaves, bushfires, floods, extreme rainfall, storms, hail, lightning, extreme winds, and tropical and extratropical cyclones. We also welcome studies that link climate change to impacts on different sectors such as energy, infrastructure, health, and finance. Studies that demonstrate how simulations or observations of extremes are used to inform adaptation and risk assessments are also welcomed. Examples include how the latest big data—such as the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)—are applied to inform decision making. This issue aims to demonstrate the latest in climate science surrounding extreme events as well as showcasing impacts analyses and current best practices in applying climate data to real-world scenarios through adaptation or risk assessments.

Dr. Fei Ji
Dr. Kevin K.W. Cheung
Dr. Nicholas Herold
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • climate extremes
  • coincident and compound climate extremes
  • future changes in climate extremes
  • impacts of climate extremes
  • hazard mapping

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3552 KiB  
Article
Climate Change Flood Risk Analysis: Application of Dynamical Downscaling and Hydrological Modeling
by Fernando Neves Lima, Ana Carolina Vasques Freitas and Josiano Silva
Atmosphere 2023, 14(7), 1069; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos14071069 - 25 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1099
Abstract
Floods are a recurring natural phenomenon during the rainy season in many Brazilian municipalities. Nevertheless, shifts in weather patterns have contributed to an increased incidence of these events in urban areas, where their impact can be amplified by the way the surrounding catchment [...] Read more.
Floods are a recurring natural phenomenon during the rainy season in many Brazilian municipalities. Nevertheless, shifts in weather patterns have contributed to an increased incidence of these events in urban areas, where their impact can be amplified by the way the surrounding catchment is occupied. Hence, the present study sought to evaluate the susceptibility of the urban drainage infrastructure in João Monlevade, Brazil, to the effects of climate change by undertaking a comprehensive assessment of the Carneirinhos catchment, including its morphometric characteristics. For this purpose, we employed a hydrological model driven by regional rainfall projections from a high-resolution climate model (HadGEM2-ES downscaled to 5 km resolution) under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP8.5) scenario. Several combinations of rainfall occurrence were simulated, incorporating temporal aspects (different durations and return times), as well as spatial aspects (concentrated and distributed rainfall within the catchment). The results showed that the area of exposed soil in the Carneirinhos catchment experienced an increase of more than 140% from 2016 to 2019, favoring runoff surface and evaporation, which contributed to the increase in the number of flood events in the region. In addition, only 1 of the 56 heavy rainfall event simulations performed did not exceed the capacity of the macro drainage gallery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Extremes and Their Impacts)
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24 pages, 15320 KiB  
Article
Daily Precipitation and Temperature Extremes in Southern Italy (Calabria Region)
by Giuseppe Prete, Elenio Avolio, Vincenzo Capparelli, Fabio Lepreti and Vincenzo Carbone
Atmosphere 2023, 14(3), 553; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos14030553 - 14 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1544
Abstract
We apply extreme value theory (EVT) to study the daily precipitation and temperature extremes in the Calabria region (southern Italy) mainly considering a long-term observational dataset (1990–2020) and also investigating the possible use of the ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis v5) fields. The efficiency of [...] Read more.
We apply extreme value theory (EVT) to study the daily precipitation and temperature extremes in the Calabria region (southern Italy) mainly considering a long-term observational dataset (1990–2020) and also investigating the possible use of the ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis v5) fields. The efficiency of the EVT applied on the available observational dataset is first assessed—both through a punctual statistical analysis and return-level maps. Two different EVT methods are adopted, namely the peak-over-threshold (POT) approach for the precipitation and the block-maxima (BM) approach for the temperature. The proposed methodologies appear to be suitable for describing daily extremes both in quantitative terms, considering the punctual analysis in specific points, and in terms of the most affected areas by extreme values, considering the return-level maps. Conversely, the analysis conducted using the reanalysis fields for the same time period highlights the limitations of using these fields for a correct quantitative reconstruction of the extremes while showing a certain consistency regarding the areas most affected by extreme events. By applying the methodology on the observed dataset but focusing on return periods of 50 and 100 years, an increasing trend of daily extreme rainfall and temperature over the whole region emerges, with specific areas more affected by these events; in particular, rainfall values up to 500 mm/day are predicted in the southeastern part of Calabria for the 50-year-return period, and maximum daily temperatures up to 40 °C are expected in the next 100 years, mainly in the western and southern parts of the region. These results offer a useful perspective for evaluating the exacerbation of future extreme weather events possibly linked to climate change effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Extremes and Their Impacts)
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17 pages, 3493 KiB  
Article
Rapid Warming in the Australian Alps from Observation and NARCliM Simulations
by Fei Ji, Nidhi Nishant, Jason P. Evans, Alejandro Di Luca, Giovanni Di Virgilio, Kevin K. W. Cheung, Eugene Tam, Kathleen Beyer and Matthew L. Riley
Atmosphere 2022, 13(10), 1686; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13101686 - 14 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2038
Abstract
The Australian Alps are the highest mountain range in Australia, which are important for biodiversity, energy generation and winter tourism. Significant increases in temperature in the past decades has had a huge impact on biodiversity and ecosystem in this region. In this study, [...] Read more.
The Australian Alps are the highest mountain range in Australia, which are important for biodiversity, energy generation and winter tourism. Significant increases in temperature in the past decades has had a huge impact on biodiversity and ecosystem in this region. In this study, observed temperature is used to assess how temperature changed over the Australian Alps and surrounding areas. We also use outputs from two generations of NARCliM (NSW and Australian Regional Climate Modelling) to investigate spatial and temporal variation of future changes in temperature and its extremes. The results show temperature increases faster for the Australian Alps than the surrounding areas, with clear spatial and temporal variation. The changes in temperature and its extremes are found to be strongly correlated with changes in albedo, which suggests faster warming in cool season might be dominated by decrease in albedo resulting from future changes in natural snowfall and snowpack. The warming induced reduction in future snow cover in the Australian Alps will have a significant impact on this region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Extremes and Their Impacts)
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22 pages, 3175 KiB  
Article
Individual and Coupled Effects of Future Climate and Land Use Scenarios on Water Balance Components in an Australian Catchment
by Hong Zhang, Bin Wang, De Li Liu, Lance M. Leslie, Lijie Shi, Mingxi Zhang and Qiang Yu
Atmosphere 2022, 13(9), 1428; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13091428 - 03 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1351
Abstract
Assessing the impacts of both climate and land use changes on hydrologic variables is crucial for sustainable development of water resources and natural ecosystems. We conducted a case study of a catchment in southwestern Australia to assess the impacts of future climate and [...] Read more.
Assessing the impacts of both climate and land use changes on hydrologic variables is crucial for sustainable development of water resources and natural ecosystems. We conducted a case study of a catchment in southwestern Australia to assess the impacts of future climate and land use changes, both separately and in combination, on water resource availability. For this evaluation, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was first calibrated and then forced by 34 global climate models (GCMs), under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and five land use scenarios (LU0–4). Our results suggested that SWAT reproduced the observed monthly streamflow well. Land use changes have impacts on all hydrologic variables, especially on runoff at the annual scale. Future runoff was projected to decrease in all seasons, especially winter and spring. For the combined effects of climate and land use changes, the results of LU1–4 were only slightly different from the response of LU0. An uncertainty analysis shows that GCMs had the greatest contribution to hydrologic variables, followed by RCPs and land use scenarios. Hence, it is advisable for impacts analysis to use an ensemble of GCMs under different RCPs to minimize the uncertainty of projected future hydrologic variables. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Extremes and Their Impacts)
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21 pages, 6575 KiB  
Article
Tropical Cyclone Exposure in the North Indian Ocean
by Rubaiya Kabir, Elizabeth A. Ritchie and Clair Stark
Atmosphere 2022, 13(9), 1421; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13091421 - 02 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2463
Abstract
The North Indian Ocean is a region with a high coastal population and a low-lying delta, making it a high-risk region for tropical cyclone impacts. A 30-year period from 1989–2018 has been used to examine the TC landfalling exposure in the North Indian [...] Read more.
The North Indian Ocean is a region with a high coastal population and a low-lying delta, making it a high-risk region for tropical cyclone impacts. A 30-year period from 1989–2018 has been used to examine the TC landfalling exposure in the North Indian Ocean and its changes by considering 30 years of IBTrACs data, ERA5 atmospheric data, and 20 years of TRMM and DAV data. A total of 185 TCs made landfall in the NIO during the 30-year period with the majority of the TCs making landfall during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Rainfall associated with landfalling TCs decreased in the last 10 years of analysis (2009–2018) compared to the first 10 years of available data from 1999–2008. During the monsoon, TC activity is relatively lower compared to the post-monsoon periods, even though higher accumulated TC-associated rainfall typically occurs during the monsoon period, particularly along the eastern coastlines of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The TC winds impact most of the Bay of Bengal coastline, including Sri Lanka. The spatial distribution of landfalling TCs changes with the season, with most of the landfalling activity occurring during the pre- and post-monsoon periods. Interestingly, more recent TC activity has shifted to the northeast India and Bangladesh coasts, suggesting that these regions may be more vulnerable to TC impacts in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Extremes and Their Impacts)
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16 pages, 3491 KiB  
Article
Storm Naming in the Eastern Mediterranean: Procedures, Events Review and Impact on the Citizens Risk Perception and Readiness
by Vassiliki Kotroni, Konstantinos Lagouvardos, Antonis Bezes, Stavros Dafis, Elisavet Galanaki, Christos Giannaros, Theodore Giannaros, Athanasios Karagiannidis, Ioannis Koletsis, Theodora Kopania, Katerina Papagiannaki, Georgios Papavasileiou, Vasilis Vafeiadis and Eustratios Vougioulas
Atmosphere 2021, 12(11), 1537; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos12111537 - 21 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3738
Abstract
This paper is devoted to the discussion of the practice of storm naming that has been initiated in January 2017 for the first time in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Namely the METEO Unit at NOA, taking into consideration that storm naming facilitates meteorologists, [...] Read more.
This paper is devoted to the discussion of the practice of storm naming that has been initiated in January 2017 for the first time in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Namely the METEO Unit at NOA, taking into consideration that storm naming facilitates meteorologists, researchers, authorities, civil protection officers, the media and citizens to communicate the forecasts of high-impact weather events, started storm naming in January 2017 and has named 35 storms up to September 2021. The criteria of storm naming are discussed, and a synopsis of the events is presented. The monthly distribution shows that 57% of the named storms occurred during the winter period, with January being the month with the highest percentage of occurrence of named storms (28%). The impact of storm naming on citizens risk perception and increased awareness has been also assessed through an internet-based questionnaire that was launched on the fourth year of the storm naming practice in Greece. Overall, results indicate a significant impact of storm naming on the readiness of citizens through the activation of perceptual and cognitive mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Extremes and Their Impacts)
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