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Atmosphere
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Desert-Dust Aerosols in the Earth System
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Desert-Dust Aerosols in the Earth System

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Aerosols".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 July 2020) | Viewed by 9508

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Stephanie Fiedler

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Interests: aerosols; storms; radiative forcing and response

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Desert-dust aerosols in the atmosphere affect the regional climate and have socio-economic impacts. Despite the importance of understanding and predicting dust aerosols, atmospheric models show uncertainties in simulating dust. Moreover, it is difficult to simultaneously measure dust-aerosol effects on weather and climate during co-occuring meteorological changes. This Special Issue invites manuscripts that present new research results on desert-dust aerosols in the Earth system. Possible topics include, but are not restricted to:

  • statistical assessments of the emissions, loading, deposition, and properties of dust aerosols;
  • quantifications of effects of dust aerosols on climate via aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions;
  • investigations of feedback mechanisms involving dust aerosols;
  • inter-comparison studies of dust-aerosol datasets; and
  • studies on processes involved in emission, vertical mixing and multi-scale transport mechanisms of dust aerosols.

Studies that use observational data, numerical modeling, laboratory measurements, or theoretical approaches are equally welcome.

Dr. Stephanie Fiedler
Guest Editor

text

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mineral-dust aerosols
  • desert storms
  • aeolian processes
  • dust effects on climate
  • aerosol life-cycle
  • dust modeling

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2823 KiB  
Article
A Closer Look at the Role of the Cyprus Low on Dust Events in the Negev Desert
by Adam J. Kalkstein, Yinon Rudich, Shira Raveh-Rubin, Itai Kloog and Victor Novack
Atmosphere 2020, 11(10), 1020; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos11101020 - 23 Sep 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2650
Abstract
The Negev Desert in Israel is susceptible to frequent atmospheric events of high dust loading which have been linked with negative human health outcomes, including cardiovascular and respiratory distress. Previous research suggests that the highest levels of dust over the region occur during [...] Read more.
The Negev Desert in Israel is susceptible to frequent atmospheric events of high dust loading which have been linked with negative human health outcomes, including cardiovascular and respiratory distress. Previous research suggests that the highest levels of dust over the region occur during an atmospheric pattern with a cyclone situated over the eastern Mediterranean. This Cyprus Low can bring unsettled weather and strong westerly winds over the Negev. However, while the overall pattern associated with dust events in the Negev Desert is generally well-understood, it remains unclear why days with seemingly similar weather patterns result in different levels of atmospheric dust. Thus, the goal of this study is to better differentiate the atmospheric patterns during dust events over the Negev. Using PM10 data collected in Be’er Sheva, Israel, from 2000 to 2015 in concert with 72-h HYSPLIT back trajectories at three different height levels (surface, 200 m, 500 m), we examine the source region, trajectory groups using a K-Means clustering procedure, and overall synoptic pattern during dust events. Further, we use sea-level pressure data across the region to determine how cyclone strength and location impact dust events in Be’er Sheva. We find that the highest levels of atmospheric dust in the Negev are associated with the Cyprus Low pattern, and air traversing Libya seems to play an especially important role, likely due to the country’s arid surface cover. Cyclone strength is also a critical factor, as lower sea-level pressure results in more severe dust events. A better understanding of the atmospheric features associated with dust events over the Negev Desert will hopefully aid in forecasting these occurrences across the region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Desert-Dust Aerosols in the Earth System)
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24 pages, 8023 KiB  
Article
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Observations of the Vertical Distribution of Particulate Matter in the Surface Layer of the Taklimakan Desert in China
by Lili Jin, Qing He, Hong Jiang, Junan Xiao, Quanwei Zhao, Sasa Zhou, Zhenjie Li and Jiawei Zhao
Atmosphere 2020, 11(9), 980; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos11090980 - 13 Sep 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2075
Abstract
Field observations made with unmanned aerial vehicles of the particulate matter (PM) concentration from the ground to a height of 500 m were conducted at Xiaotang and Tazhong in the Taklimakan Desert (TD), China, from 7 to 15 November 2019. The vertical structures [...] Read more.
Field observations made with unmanned aerial vehicles of the particulate matter (PM) concentration from the ground to a height of 500 m were conducted at Xiaotang and Tazhong in the Taklimakan Desert (TD), China, from 7 to 15 November 2019. The vertical structures of the PM concentrations were studied. Pulsed lidar observations showed that dust aerosols in the TD can reach heights of 4 km. Within 500 m above the ground, the PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were <100, <201, and <764 µg∙m−3, respectively, in the TD. On days containing sand-blowing periods (e.g., at 18:00 on 11 November), the PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were 10–17.7 times higher than on clear days. The northern margin of the TD (Xiaotang) was dominated by fine particles, while the hinterland (Tazhong) was dominated by coarse particles, because there was sparse vegetation around Xiaotang and the surface was sand and clay, while there was no vegetation around Tazhong and the surface was sand. During floating dust periods, the boundary layer was dominated by fine particles. The average PM1.0/PM2.5 ratios were 0.25–0.65 and 0.40–0.80 at Tazhong and Xiaotang, respectively, while, during sand blowing periods, these ratios were 0.40–0.55 and 0.40–0.45, respectively. The critical condition in the atmospheric boundary layer for PM concentration was revealed with the enhanced momentum flux and sensible heat flux up to 0.52 kg∙m−1∙s−2, 0.69 m∙s−1, and 6.7 W∙m2, respectively, and the low mixed layer was high in the lower atmosphere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Desert-Dust Aerosols in the Earth System)
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17 pages, 7120 KiB  
Article
Dust Dry Deposition over Israel
by Pavel Kishcha, Evgeni Volpov, Boris Starobinets, Pinhas Alpert and Slobodan Nickovic
Atmosphere 2020, 11(2), 197; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos11020197 - 13 Feb 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3583
Abstract
Similar quasiperiodic year-to-year variations of dust dry deposition (DDD) with a two–three-year period were found over Israel and north-east Africa. This phenomenon of quasiperiodic interannual variations of DDD has not been discussed in previous publications. Moreover, similar seasonal variations of DDD were found [...] Read more.
Similar quasiperiodic year-to-year variations of dust dry deposition (DDD) with a two–three-year period were found over Israel and north-east Africa. This phenomenon of quasiperiodic interannual variations of DDD has not been discussed in previous publications. Moreover, similar seasonal variations of DDD were found over both Israel and north-east Africa, characterized by significant dust deposition in spring and a decrease in DDD from spring to autumn. These findings indicate the existence of the same causal factors for interannual and seasonal variations of DDD over the two regions, such as similar surface winds created by Mediterranean cyclones. Daily runs of the Dust REgional Atmospheric Model (DREAM) at Tel Aviv University from 2006 to 2019 were used to investigate the main features of the spatio-temporal distribution of dust dry deposition in the eastern Mediterranean, with a focus on Israel. DREAM showed that, on average, during the 14-year study period, in the winter, spring, and summer months, the spatial distribution of monthly-accumulated DDD over Israel was non-uniform with the maximum of DDD over southern Israel. In the autumn months, DREAM showed an increase in DDD over northern Israel, resulting in an almost uniform DDD pattern. The knowledge of DDD spatio-temporal distribution is helpful for understanding the negative effects of DDD on the performance of solar panels and on insulator flashover in the Israel power electric network. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Desert-Dust Aerosols in the Earth System)
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