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Atmosphere
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ENSO Atmospheric Teleconnections to the Mid-to-High Latitudes
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ENSO Atmospheric Teleconnections to the Mid-to-High Latitudes

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Meteorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (27 July 2022) | Viewed by 6842

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Daria Gushchina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: ENSO mechanismand non-linearities; tropical-midlatitude and interbasins teleconnections; MJO, synoptical meteorology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Boris Dewitte

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CEAZA (Center for Advance Studies in Arid Zones), Raúl Bitrán #1305,Campus Andrés Bello Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
Interests: ENSO dynamics and impacts; Eastern Boundary Current systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant climate mode of the tropical Pacific at interannual timescales impacting many regions around the globe both in tropical and extratropical latitudes through oceanic and atmospheric teleconnections. It affects large-scale global atmosphere circulation at a wide range of timescales (from seasonal up to decadal) causing climate extremes such as droughts, floods, heat waves, and influencing many geophysical and biological phenomena across the globe. Although, over the last 4 decades, significant advances have been made in our understanding of ENSO dynamics and teleconnection, yielding improvements in the predictions of its impact on society, recent research has also revealed a greater complexity of ENSO than previously thought. The concept of ENSO diversity has recently emerged referring to the existence of two types of El Niño with distinct spatial patterns, evolution and mechanisms. This has implications for understanding its teleconnections to the mid-to-high latitudes where regional air-sea-land interactions can act to modulate ENSO impacts. The eastward intensification of ENSO teleconnections and the expectation that more frequent ENSO extremes will take place under greenhouse warming call also to make progress in our understanding the ENSO impacts in the mid-to-high latitudes of both Hemispheres in the future climate.

In this Special Issue, we focus on the ENSO teleconnection in the mid-to high latitudes of both Hemispheres and aim to outline some of the current work that addresses these new challenges. We welcome works that deal with the impacts of ENSO on weather and climate anomalies in mid-to high latitudes, as well as novel approaches and methodologies to address atmospheric teleconnections.

Dr. Daria Gushchina
Dr. Boris Dewitte
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ENSO
  • teleconnections
  • climate changes
  • climate variability
  • seasonal and interannual forecasts

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 13378 KiB  
Article
Revisiting the Contrasting Response of Polar Stratosphere to the Eastern and Central Pacific El Niños
by Maria Kolennikova and Daria Gushchina
Atmosphere 2022, 13(5), 682; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13050682 - 24 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1400
Abstract
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) invokes the release of a large amount of heat and moisture into the tropical atmosphere, inducing circulation anomalies. The circulation response to ENSO propagates both horizontally poleward and vertically into the stratosphere. Here, we investigate the remote response [...] Read more.
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) invokes the release of a large amount of heat and moisture into the tropical atmosphere, inducing circulation anomalies. The circulation response to ENSO propagates both horizontally poleward and vertically into the stratosphere. Here, we investigate the remote response of the polar stratosphere to ENSO using reanalysis data, along with composite and regression analysis. In particular, we focus on inter-event variability resulting from two ENSO types (the Eastern Pacific (EP) and the Central Pacific (CP) El Niño) and the inter-hemispheric difference in the ENSO responses. Consistent with previous results, we show that ENSO is associated with a weakening in the stratospheric polar vortex but emphasize that the polar stratosphere response strongly depends on the ENSO types, differs between the hemispheres, and changes from the lower to middle stratosphere. The main inter-hemispheric asymmetry manifests in response to the EP El Niño, which is not significant in the Southern Hemisphere, while CP events are associated with pronounced weakening in the polar vortex in both hemispheres. The weakening in the stratospheric polar vortex arguably results from the intensification in the wave flux from the troposphere into the stratosphere and is accompanied by increased heat transport. The latter causes stratospheric warming in the Artic and Antarctic and slows zonal currents. The response of the lower stratosphere circulation to ENSO is approximately the opposite to that of the middle stratosphere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ENSO Atmospheric Teleconnections to the Mid-to-High Latitudes)
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10 pages, 5205 KiB  
Article
Seasonal Temperature Extremes in the North Eurasian Regions Depending on ENSO Phase Transitions
by Igor I. Mokhov and Alexander V. Timazhev
Atmosphere 2022, 13(2), 249; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13020249 - 31 Jan 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1701
Abstract
Seasonal anomalies of surface air temperature were analyzed for the North Eurasian regions in mid-latitudes using long-term data from the end of the 19th century with an assessment of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects. In particular, temperature anomalies in the spring–summer months [...] Read more.
Seasonal anomalies of surface air temperature were analyzed for the North Eurasian regions in mid-latitudes using long-term data from the end of the 19th century with an assessment of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects. In particular, temperature anomalies in the spring–summer months for the European (ER) and Asian (AR) Russian regions for different phase transitions of the ENSO phenomena were estimated using the Niño3, Niño3.4 and Niño4 indices. The largest frequency of the extremely high-temperature and drought conditions in spring–summer months in ER was detected for years starting in the El Niño phase with the transition to the La Niña phase at the end of the year. Such conditions were realized in ER in summer 2010 (“Russian heatwave”). The corresponding largest frequency of high temperature in AR was obtained for conditions with the continuation of the El Niño phase during the whole year. Such conditions in AR were noted, in particular, in the summer of 2015, with an extremely high temperature and extremely low precipitation in the Lake Baikal basin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ENSO Atmospheric Teleconnections to the Mid-to-High Latitudes)
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32 pages, 5501 KiB  
Article
Teleconnections of Large-Scale Climate Patterns to Regional Drought in Mid-Latitudes: A Case Study in Xinjiang, China
by Ruting Yang and Bing Xing
Atmosphere 2022, 13(2), 230; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13020230 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2748
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important environmental disasters. Assessment of the effects of oceanic atmospheric oscillations upon regional drought behavior has valuable implications for water resources management, especially for arid regions. This study aims to explore the climate drivers of drought conditions [...] Read more.
Drought is one of the most important environmental disasters. Assessment of the effects of oceanic atmospheric oscillations upon regional drought behavior has valuable implications for water resources management, especially for arid regions. This study aims to explore the climate drivers of drought conditions in Xinjiang, an arid region in mid-latitude Asia. Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was adopted to describe drought variation over Xinjiang during the period of 1951–2020. Teleconnection effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and Arctic Oscillation (AO) on Xinjiang drought variability were analyzed based on cross-correlation and stepwise regression methods. Partial correlation analysis was applied to discuss the responding mechanism of drought behavior to teleconnection signals from the perspective of regional climate factors. Findings from this study indicate that synchronous ENSO featured by Nino3.4 index has a significant positive correlation with Xinjiang dry/wet variation. El Niño may favor to wetness in Xinjiang, while La Niña may exacerbate drought effect in the region. ENSO mainly acts on the short-term drought variability in Xinjiang region. The synchronous PDO makes a leading contribution on drought variation at 12-month time scale among the four signals. The significant positive correlation between PDO and drought variation suggests that positive-phase (negative-phase) PDO may contribute to wetting (drying) epochs in Xinjiang region. AMO indicates a significant negative correlation with Xinjiang drought on both synchronous and asynchronous modes. Positive (negative) phase AMO may favor to dry (wet) effects in Xinjiang. AMO appears a predominant teleconnection effect on long-term drought variability, and fluctuates a persistent anti-phase mode with Xinjiang dry/wet variability since the mid-1980s. AO mainly acts on short-term drought fluctuations, indicating a significant negative correlation with drought behavior within a 12-month moving time window. Positive (negative) phase AO may contribute to dry (wet) epochs over Xinjiang. ENSO and PDO affect short-term dry/wet variation mainly through the teleconnection effect on precipitation variability. AMO mainly influences Xinjiang drought evolution by acting on regional temperature variation. The influence of internal atmospheric variability on regional climate behavior has a delayed effect, and drought variability is affected by precursor pattern of teleconnection likewise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ENSO Atmospheric Teleconnections to the Mid-to-High Latitudes)
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