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Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Ultracold Atoms
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Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Ultracold Atoms

A special issue of Atoms (ISSN 2218-2004).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2015) | Viewed by 53380

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jonathan Goldwin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Midlands Ultracold Atom Research Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Interests: cold atoms; optical lattices; quantum optics; cavity quantum electrodynamics
Prof. Dr. Duncan O'Dell

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics & Astronomy,ABB-241, McMaster University,1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
Interests: cold atoms; quantum catastrophes; cavity quantum electrodynamics; dipole-dipole interactions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) describes light-matter interactions in confined geometries. Sustained progress over the last decade with ultracold atoms in high finesse optical cavities has opened up new technological and theoretical vistas. It is now possible to perform quantum information processing with a single or few atoms, and the many-particle dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates can be probed non-destructively via cavity light transmitted through mirrors. This latter aspect reflects the fact that these are fundamentally open quantum systems where quantum measurement ideas can be studied. A unique feature of atom-cavity systems in the strong coupling regime is backaction by the atoms upon the light, giving rise to dynamical intra-cavity optical potentials whose depth is determined self-consistently by the atoms. This nonlinearity is at the heart of recently observed phenomena, such as non-equilibrium phase transitions, subrecoil cooling, tailored long-range interactions between atoms, and the realization of analogs of optomechanical “mirror on a spring’’ systems. These advances, combined with theoretical proposals, such as cavity-assisted spin-orbit coupling and glassy frustration effects in multi-mode cavities, underline the fact that CQED is dramatically expanding its horizons and touching on many new areas of physics. It is in this spirit that we invite authors to submit articles to this Special Issue concerning any of the broad range of topics covered by CQED with atoms, molecules, or related quantum systems.

Dr. Jonathan Goldwin
Prof. Dr. Duncan O'Dell
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atoms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

5254 KiB  
Article
Novel Ion Trap Design for Strong Ion-Cavity Coupling
by Alejandro Márquez Seco, Hiroki Takahashi and Matthias Keller
Atoms 2016, 4(2), 15; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atoms4020015 - 26 Apr 2016
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5585
Abstract
We present a novel ion trap design which facilitates the integration of an optical fiber cavity into the trap structure. The optical fibers are confined inside hollow electrodes in such a way that tight shielding and free movement of the fibers are simultaneously [...] Read more.
We present a novel ion trap design which facilitates the integration of an optical fiber cavity into the trap structure. The optical fibers are confined inside hollow electrodes in such a way that tight shielding and free movement of the fibers are simultaneously achievable. The latter enables in situ optimization of the overlap between the trapped ions and the cavity field. Through numerical simulations, we systematically analyze the effects of the electrode geometry on the trapping characteristics such as trap depths, secular frequencies and the optical access angle. Additionally, we simulate the effects of the presence of the fibers and confirm the robustness of the trapping potential. Based on these simulations and other technical considerations, we devise a practical trap configuration that isviable to achieve strong coupling of a single ion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Ultracold Atoms)
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701 KiB  
Article
An Optomechanical Elevator: Transport of a Bloch Oscillating Bose–Einstein Condensate up and down an Optical Lattice by Cavity Sideband Amplification and Cooling
by B. Prasanna Venkatesh, Duncan H.J. O’Dell and Jonathan Goldwin
Atoms 2016, 4(1), 2; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atoms4010002 - 25 Dec 2015
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5837
Abstract
In this paper we give a new description, in terms of optomechanics, of previous work on the problem of an atomic Bose–Einstein condensate interacting with the optical lattice inside a laser-pumped optical cavity and subject to a bias force, such as gravity. An [...] Read more.
In this paper we give a new description, in terms of optomechanics, of previous work on the problem of an atomic Bose–Einstein condensate interacting with the optical lattice inside a laser-pumped optical cavity and subject to a bias force, such as gravity. An atomic wave packet in a tilted lattice undergoes Bloch oscillations; in a high-finesse optical cavity the backaction of the atoms on the light leads to a time-dependent modulation of the intracavity lattice depth at the Bloch frequency which can in turn transport the atoms up or down the lattice. In the optomechanical picture, the transport dynamics can be interpreted as a manifestation of dynamical backaction-induced sideband damping/amplification of the Bloch oscillator. Depending on the sign of the pump-cavity detuning, atoms are transported either with or against the bias force accompanied by an up- or down-conversion of the frequency of the pump laser light. We also evaluate the prospects for using the optomechanical Bloch oscillator to make continuous measurements of forces by reading out the Bloch frequency. In this context, we establish the significant result that the optical spring effect is absent and the Bloch frequency is not modified by the backaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Ultracold Atoms)
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2585 KiB  
Article
Cavity Optomechanics with Ultra Cold Atoms in Synthetic Abelian and Non-Abelian Gauge Field
by Bikash Padhi and Sankalpa Ghosh
Atoms 2016, 4(1), 1; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atoms4010001 - 25 Dec 2015
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 7167
Abstract
In this article we present a pedagogical discussion of some of the optomechanical properties of a high finesse cavity loaded with ultracold atoms in laser induced synthetic gauge fields of different types. Essentially, the subject matter of this article is an amalgam of [...] Read more.
In this article we present a pedagogical discussion of some of the optomechanical properties of a high finesse cavity loaded with ultracold atoms in laser induced synthetic gauge fields of different types. Essentially, the subject matter of this article is an amalgam of two sub-fields of atomic molecular and optical (AMO) physics namely, the cavity optomechanics with ultracold atoms and ultracold atoms in synthetic gauge field. After providing a brief introduction to either of these fields we shall show how and what properties of these trapped ultracold atoms can be studied by looking at the cavity (optomechanical or transmission) spectrum. In presence of abelian synthetic gauge field we discuss the cold-atom analogue of Shubnikov de Haas oscillation and its detection through cavity spectrum. Then, in the presence of a non-abelian synthetic gauge field (spin-orbit coupling), we see when the electromagnetic field inside the cavity is quantized, it provides a quantum optical lattice for the atoms, leading to the formation of different quantum magnetic phases. We also discuss how these phases can be explored by studying the cavity transmission spectrum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Ultracold Atoms)
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497 KiB  
Article
Two-Photon Collective Atomic Recoil Lasing
by James A. McKelvie and Gordon R.M. Robb
Atoms 2015, 3(4), 495-508; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atoms3040495 - 20 Nov 2015
Viewed by 4010
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of the interaction between light and a cold gasof three-level, ladder configuration atoms close to two-photon resonance. In particular, weinvestigate the existence of collective atomic recoil lasing (CARL) instabilities in differentregimes of internal atomic excitation and compare to [...] Read more.
We present a theoretical study of the interaction between light and a cold gasof three-level, ladder configuration atoms close to two-photon resonance. In particular, weinvestigate the existence of collective atomic recoil lasing (CARL) instabilities in differentregimes of internal atomic excitation and compare to previous studies of the CARL instabilityinvolving two-level atoms. In the case of two-level atoms, the CARL instability is quenchedat high pump rates with significant atomic excitation by saturation of the (one-photon)coherence, which produces the optical forces responsible for the instability and rapid heatingdue to high spontaneous emission rates. We show that in the two-photon CARL schemestudied here involving three-level atoms, CARL instabilities can survive at high pump rateswhen the atoms have significant excitation, due to the contributions to the optical forces frommultiple coherences and the reduction of spontaneous emission due to transitions betweenthe populated states being dipole forbidden. This two-photon CARL scheme may form thebasis of methods to increase the effective nonlinear optical response of cold atomic gases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Ultracold Atoms)
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1060 KiB  
Article
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics of Continuously Monitored Bose-Condensed Atoms
by Mark D. Lee and Janne Ruostekoski
Atoms 2015, 3(3), 450-473; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atoms3030450 - 23 Sep 2015
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4669
Abstract
We study cavity quantum electrodynamics of Bose-condensed atoms that are subjected to continuous monitoring of the light leaking out of the cavity. Due to a given detection record of each stochastic realization, individual runs spontaneously break the symmetry of the spatial profile of [...] Read more.
We study cavity quantum electrodynamics of Bose-condensed atoms that are subjected to continuous monitoring of the light leaking out of the cavity. Due to a given detection record of each stochastic realization, individual runs spontaneously break the symmetry of the spatial profile of the atom cloud and this symmetry can be restored by considering ensemble averages over many realizations. We show that the cavity optomechanical excitations of the condensate can be engineered to target specific collective modes. This is achieved by exploiting the spatial structure and symmetries of the collective modes and light fields. The cavity fields can be utilized both for strong driving of the collective modes and for their measurement. In the weak excitation limit the condensate–cavity system may be employed as a sensitive phonon detector which operates by counting photons outside the cavity that have been selectively scattered by desired phonons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Ultracold Atoms)
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1022 KiB  
Article
A Realization of a Quasi-Random Walk for Atoms in Time-Dependent Optical Potentials
by Torsten Hinkel, Helmut Ritsch and Claudiu Genes
Atoms 2015, 3(3), 433-449; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atoms3030433 - 23 Sep 2015
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5093
Abstract
We consider the time dependent dynamics of an atom in a two-color pumped cavity, longitudinally through a side mirror and transversally via direct driving of the atomic dipole. The beating of the two driving frequencies leads to a time dependent effective optical potential [...] Read more.
We consider the time dependent dynamics of an atom in a two-color pumped cavity, longitudinally through a side mirror and transversally via direct driving of the atomic dipole. The beating of the two driving frequencies leads to a time dependent effective optical potential that forces the atom into a non-trivial motion, strongly resembling a discrete random walk behavior between lattice sites. We provide both numerical and analytical analysis of such a quasi-random walk behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Ultracold Atoms)
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1111 KiB  
Article
Probing and Manipulating Fermionic and Bosonic Quantum Gases with Quantum Light
by Thomas J. Elliott, Gabriel Mazzucchi, Wojciech Kozlowski, Santiago F. Caballero-Benitez  and Igor B. Mekhov
Atoms 2015, 3(3), 392-406; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atoms3030392 - 02 Sep 2015
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5156
Abstract
We study the atom-light interaction in the fully quantum regime, with the focus on off-resonant light scattering into a cavity from ultracold atoms trapped in an optical lattice. The detection of photons allows the quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement of quantum correlations of the [...] Read more.
We study the atom-light interaction in the fully quantum regime, with the focus on off-resonant light scattering into a cavity from ultracold atoms trapped in an optical lattice. The detection of photons allows the quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement of quantum correlations of the atomic ensemble, distinguishing between different quantum states. We analyse the entanglement between light and matter and show how it can be exploited for realising multimode macroscopic quantum superpositions, such as Schrödinger cat states, for both bosons and fermions. We provide examples utilising different measurement schemes and study their robustness to decoherence. Finally, we address the regime where the optical lattice potential is a quantum dynamical variable and is modified by the atomic state, leading to novel quantum phases and significantly altering the phase diagram of the atomic system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Ultracold Atoms)
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Graphical abstract

1926 KiB  
Article
Cavity-Assisted Generation of Sustainable Macroscopic Entanglement of Ultracold Gases
by Chaitanya Joshi and Jonas Larson
Atoms 2015, 3(3), 348-366; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atoms3030348 - 04 Aug 2015
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4180
Abstract
Prospects for reaching persistent entanglement between two spatially-separated atomic Bose–Einstein condensates are outlined. The system setup comprises two condensates loaded in an optical lattice, which, in return, is confined within a high-Q optical resonator. The system is driven by an external laser that [...] Read more.
Prospects for reaching persistent entanglement between two spatially-separated atomic Bose–Einstein condensates are outlined. The system setup comprises two condensates loaded in an optical lattice, which, in return, is confined within a high-Q optical resonator. The system is driven by an external laser that illuminates the atoms, such that photons can scatter into the cavity. In the superradiant phase, a cavity field is established, and we show that the emerging cavity-mediated interactions between the two condensates is capable of entangling them despite photon losses. This macroscopic atomic entanglement is sustained throughout the time-evolution apart from occasions of sudden deaths/births. Using an auxiliary photon mode and coupling it to a collective quadrature of the two condensates, we demonstrate that the auxiliary mode’s squeezing is proportional to the atomic entanglement, and as such, it can serve as a probe field of the macroscopic entanglement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Ultracold Atoms)
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321 KiB  
Article
Influence of Virtual Photon Process on the Generation of Squeezed Light from Atoms in an Optical Cavity
by Aranya B. Bhattacherjee
Atoms 2015, 3(3), 339-347; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atoms3030339 - 24 Jul 2015
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3899
Abstract
We show that a collection of two-level atoms in an optical cavity beyond the rotating wave approximation and in the dispersive-adiabatic and non-dispersive adiabatic regime constitutes a nonlinear medium and is capable of generating squeezed state of light. It is found that squeezing [...] Read more.
We show that a collection of two-level atoms in an optical cavity beyond the rotating wave approximation and in the dispersive-adiabatic and non-dispersive adiabatic regime constitutes a nonlinear medium and is capable of generating squeezed state of light. It is found that squeezing produced in the non-dispersive adiabatic regime is significantly high compared to that produced in the dispersive-adiabatic limit. On the other hand, we also show that it could be possible to observe the Dicke superradiant quantum phase transition in the dispersive-adiabatic regime where the Ã2 term is negligible. Such a system can be an essential component of a larger quantum-communication system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Ultracold Atoms)
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3270 KiB  
Article
Photon-Induced Spin-Orbit Coupling in Ultracold Atoms inside Optical Cavity
by Lin Dong, Chuanzhou Zhu and Han Pu
Atoms 2015, 3(2), 182-194; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atoms3020182 - 26 May 2015
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5897
Abstract
We consider an atom inside a ring cavity, where a plane-wave cavity field together with an external coherent laser beam induces a two-photon Raman transition between two hyperfine ground states of the atom. This cavity-assisted Raman transition induces effective coupling between atom’s internal [...] Read more.
We consider an atom inside a ring cavity, where a plane-wave cavity field together with an external coherent laser beam induces a two-photon Raman transition between two hyperfine ground states of the atom. This cavity-assisted Raman transition induces effective coupling between atom’s internal degrees of freedom and its center-of-mass motion. In the meantime, atomic dynamics exerts a back-action to cavity photons. We investigate the properties of this system by adopting a mean-field and a full quantum approach, and show that the interplay between the atomic dynamics and the cavity field gives rise to intriguing nonlinear phenomena. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Ultracold Atoms)
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